Abstract: A gas charge container includes a sample holder which holds a needle-shaped material, a deutrium gas supply portion which charges a deutrium gas into the needle-shaped material held by the sample holder, and a heating portion which heats the needle-shaped material held by the sample holder. The needle-shaped material is cooled by blocking the heat generated by the heating portion after the needle-shaped material is heated by the heating portion.

Abstract: The technology relates in part to methods for identifying the presence of kidney disease, determining the level of kidney disease, or the progression of kidney disease, in a subject that has or has not been diagnosed with diabetes. The technology further relates to methods for determining the targets for therapy for kidney disease, the efficacy of a treatment for kidney disease, and methods for determining the toxicity of a therapeutic in a subject with kidney disease. The technology relates in part to methods for identifying the presence of kidney disease, determining the level of kidney disease, or the progression of kidney disease, in a subject that has or has not been diagnosed with diabetes. The technology further relates to methods for determining the targets for therapy for kidney disease, the efficacy of a treatment for kidney disease, and methods for determining the toxicity of a therapeutic in a subject with kidney disease.

Abstract: A method for gas analysis can include continuously diverting a portion of drilling fluid into a sample chamber from a drilling fluid stream, creating a bidirectional drilling fluid circulation to liberate gas from the drilling fluid, applying a suction to a gas capturing chamber, and allowing a sample of the liberated fluid to continuously flow through the gas capturing chamber, continuously be filtered, and continuously flow into a gas analyzer. The method can include maintaining the sample chamber in an open configuration or decompressing the gas capturing chamber by closing off one or more sample inlets and sample outlets and exhausting portions of the liberated fluid that do not flow to the gas analyzer. The method can include simultaneously providing analysis data to client devices.

Abstract: A metal oxide sensor employing a method of heating that reduces the power required to heat the sensor to an optimal operating temperature and a method to automatically regulate and maintain the temperature of the sensors in the presence of air currents and other ambient conditions. The ultra miniature metal oxide sensors used have a thermal time constant short enough to allow for heating of the ultra miniature metal oxide sensors to occur with very narrow pulses of electricity. Such narrow pulses used to heat the sensor and to maintain the temperature such that the methods for reducing the power requirement apply throughout sensor's operation.

Abstract: Technologies are generally described for an air monitoring device, a method for forming an air monitoring device, and methods and systems for monitoring air using an air monitoring device. A method of forming an air monitor device may include placing a sorbent membrane on a material of n type conductivity. The method may further include placing an electrode on the membrane and placing a thermoelectric heater in thermal communication with the membrane. The method may further include placing the membrane, material, and electrode in a sealed container including a valve to form the air monitor device. The valve may be effective to selectively expose the membrane to an environment outside of the container.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a sensor device. The sensor device may include an intake port for an air sample connected to a mixing chamber. The mixing chamber may contain at least one device for the introduction of a liquid or gel detection improvement agent, or at least one mechanical dispersal device for the introduction of a solid detection improvement agent. The detection improvement agent may be operable to interact with a chemical or biological agent in the air sample. The mixing chamber may also include at least one heating or cooling plate and at least device for the introduction of water or an aromatic solvent into the air sample as well as at least one detection element able to detect a chemical or biological agent in the air sample. The mixing chamber may be connected to an exhaust port.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of diazonium salts for the formation of thick layers on at least one surface of a substrate. The diazonium salts used in the invention have the following formula (I): wherein R is a group that can be electrochemically reduced in a reversible manner to a cathodic potential between 0 and ?1.5 V, E is a spacer chain consisting of at least one aromatic cyclic group having between 5 and 6 links, optionally containing at least one heteroatom preferably selected from N, S, O or P and optionally substituted by at least one group selected from the C1-C5 alkyls and the halogens, r is 1 or 2, m is a whole number between 1 and 5 inclusive, p is a whole number between 1 and 5, and B is a counter-ion. The invention can be especially applied to the field of gas sensors.

Abstract: A leak detection sensor for detecting a leakage of an electrolyte solution in a flow battery system is provided. The sensor includes a sensor housing, the sensor housing being at least partially surrounded by a fluid and having mounted therein at least one light source.

Abstract: This disclosure describes embodiments of a system and device for measuring corrosive components suspended in air flowing to a turbo-machine. The device comprises a fluid circuit with a detection module having a sensing element disposed in a manifold. The manifold surrounds the sensing element to prevent mixing of the flow of sample air in the manifold with air from the surrounding environment. In one example, the fluid circuit also comprises a fluid flow module with elements to monitor flow characteristics of the flow of sample air. Operation of the fluid flow module can effectuate changes in flow characteristics of the flow of sample air to optimize detection of the corrosive components.

Abstract: A method for sensing analyte. The method includes the steps of sensing one or more parameters in reaction to the presence of one or more analytes and outputting a current therefrom in accordance with level of the sensed parameter by each of a plurality of sensors, each of the plurality of sensors being provided in one or more sensor array columns, selectively heating one or more of the sensor array columns by a heating element, and receiving an output current from one of the plurality of sensors from each of the plurality of sensor arrays by a Voltage Controlled Oscillator (VCO) arranged in a VCO array. The method further includes the steps of generating an output oscillation frequency by each VCO in accordance with the level of the received output current, and counting a number of oscillations over a predetermined time received from each of the plurality of VCOs in the VCO array by a plurality of counters arranged in a counter array.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a gas sensor, including: a gas collecting chamber including: (a) a nanoporous wall including alumina, on a portion of the gas collecting chamber in the near vicinity of the solid propellant fuel; a micro pump attached to the gas collecting chamber; and a gas analysis device connected to the gas collecting chamber. The gas analysis device measures both type and concentration of gases collected in the gas collecting chamber via the nanoporous wall, the gases measured being selected from the group consisting of CO, CO2, NO, N2O, NO2 and combinations thereof. The present disclosure also relates to a method of sensing propellant degradation in solid fuel and a method of using a gas collecting chamber to sense such degradation.

Abstract: A gas sensor for sensing chemical gases utilizes a metal oxynitride as the sensing material, which changes its conductivity when exposed to the analyte gas. The change in conductivity is measured for the sensor output. The metal may be either tungsten or molybdenum.

Abstract: A fuel property detecting device includes a passage member, an electrode holding member, a first electrode having a distal end part on a fuel passage-side immersed in fuel in the fuel passage, a second electrode formed radially inward of the first electrode in a tubular shape to extend in an axial direction, spaced away from the first electrode, and having one end part on the fuel passage-side immersed in fuel in the first electrode, an elastic member, and an insulating member. The elastic member is located on the fuel passage-side relative to the holding member to liquid-tightly seal a clearance between the first electrode and the passage member. The insulating member is located on the fuel passage-side relative to the holding member and disposed between the one end part and the other end part of the second electrode to liquid-tightly seal a clearance between the first and second electrodes.

Abstract: A defect detection method for a sensor in which a fixing member provides a seal between a sensor element and tubular metallic members, the method being capable of detecting breakage of a conductor caused by breakage of the element.

Abstract: A substance detection sensor includes an insulating layer; two electrodes spaced in opposed relation to each other on the insulating layer; and conductive layers formed between the two electrodes on the insulating layer so as to electrically connect the two electrodes, and of which a swelling ratio varies depending on the type and/or amount of a specific gas. The conductive layers are formed by dividing into plural layers between the two electrodes.

Abstract: A circuit section of a NOx sensor has an output base including a pedestal portion which projects from a middle part of a support surface of a base portion. A circuit board on which a storage medium storing individual information of the NOx sensor is mounted is arranged on a mount surface of the pedestal portion. The circuit section has a seal portion which is arranged above the support surface of the base portion, and which covers the circuit board from upper and lateral sides, thereby watertightly sealing the circuit board. The seal portion has an enclose portion which, in a state where the enclose portion protrudes from a peripheral edge of the support surface to a second circumferential side surface of the base portion, encloses the base portion along the peripheral edge.

Abstract: A gas detecting system, device and method use a variable pulse voltage waveform to increase the temperature of a detecting unit of the gas detecting system so it reacts with gas molecules from a particular space, and outputs a sensing signal. A processing unit of the gas detecting system then performs calculations on the sensing signal, such that an analysis unit may determine the presence of a target gas in the particular space, and further the composition and concentration of the target gas within the particular space, thus providing a detection that is accurate, rapid and convenient.

Abstract: A system includes a system housing including an inlet, at least one gas sensor responsive to a first analyte gas other than oxygen within the system housing and in fluid connection with the inlet, and a sensor responsive to oxygen within the system housing and in fluid connection with the inlet. The sensor responsive to oxygen is formed to be chemically separate from the at least one gas sensor responsive to the first analyte gas other than oxygen. The sensor responsive to oxygen is responsive to a change in the concentration of oxygen arising from creation of a driving force in the vicinity of the inlet to provide an indication of a state of a transport path between the inlet of the system and the at least one gas sensor responsive to the first analyte gas other than oxygen.

Abstract: A gas-measuring probe for determining a physical characteristic of a measuring gas, in particular the concentration of a gas component or the temperature or pressure of the measuring gas, which includes a sensor element accommodated in a housing, at least one connection cable for the sensor element having an electrical conductor, which is enclosed by an insulation sheath and contacts the sensor element, and a cable channel sealing the housing end, which has at least one axial cable feedthrough through which the connection cable is guided out of the housing. To achieve long-lasting sealing at the cable-exit end of the housing even at higher temperatures, the insulation sheath of the connection cable is at least regionally welded to the cable wall of the cable feedthrough. To this end, a tube made of a material that fuses with the insulation sheath and the cable channel when heated is slipped over the cable section of the connection cable lying inside the cable channel.

Abstract: A sensor element (100) includes a first conductive electrode (120) having a first conductive member (122) electrically coupled thereto; an absorptive dielectric layer (130) comprising a polymer of intrinsic microporosity; and a second conductive electrode (140) having a second conductive member (142) electrically coupled thereto. The second conductive electrode comprises carbon nanotubes and is permeable to at least one organic vapor. The absorptive dielectric layer is at least partially disposed between the first conductive electrode and the second conductive electrode. A method of making the sensor element, and sensor device (200) containing it, are also disclosed.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for sensing analyte. The method includes the steps of sensing one or more parameters in reaction to the presence of one or more analytes and outputting a current therefrom in accordance with level of the sensed parameter by each of a plurality of sensors, each of the plurality of sensors being provided in one or more sensor array columns, receiving an output current from one of the plurality of sensors from each of the plurality of sensor arrays by a Voltage Controlled Oscillator (VCO) arranged in a VCO array. The method further includes the steps of generating an output oscillation frequency by each VCO in accordance with the level of the received output current, and counting a number of oscillations over a predetermined time received from each of the plurality of VCOs in the VCO array by a plurality of counters arranged in a counter array.

Abstract: First outer gas apertures 144a are arranged in a first corner 144b such that the outer opening plane of each first outer gas aperture 144a forms an angle of 45 degrees with a bottom face of a step element 145 and the outer opening plane forms an angle of 90 degrees with an inner circumferential face of the first outer gas aperture 144a. Second outer gas apertures are arranged in a second corner 146b such that the outer opening plane of each second outer gas aperture 146a forms an angle of 45 degrees with a bottom face of an edge section 146 and the outer opening plane forms an angle of 90 degrees with an inner circumferential face of the second outer gas aperture 146a. This structure prevents water from adhering to a sensor element 110 and thereby enhances the response of a gas sensor 110.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for determining the quantity of methane produced by a meat ruminant, such as a bovine, i.e., an animal raised and then slaughtered for the sale of its meat, characterized in that it consists in determining the quantity of at least one fatty acid (FA) contained in a reference tissue, namely muscle or adipose tissue, sampled from said ruminant after its death (in grams of fatty acids per kilogram of tissue) and calculating said quantity of methane (in grams of CH4 per kilogram of meat from the animal) according to an equation that is a function of said quantity of said FA and the category, age and weight of said animal, wherein the latter three criteria are determined at the time of the slaughter of said animal.

Abstract: A sensor control circuit unit (1) includes a circuit board (70) which has opposite sides (70a) and (70b) facing in parallel with each other, and carries a signal detection circuit (28) for receiving a detection signal whose level is equal to or less than one ?A and which changes in accordance with NOX concentration, a power supply circuit (35), and a heater circuit (40) for controlling a heater. The power supply circuit (35) and the heater circuit (40) are mounted on one side of the circuit board (70) toward one side (70a) of the opposite sides, and the signal detection circuit (28) is mounted in a mounting area on the other side of the circuit board (70) toward the other side (70b) of the opposite sides, the mounting area being different from a mounting area of the circuits (35) and (40).

Abstract: A method for continuous measurement of differences in gas concentrations, comprises providing at least first and second gas analyzers, connecting a stream of incurrent fluid to a chamber containing an animal, withdrawing air from the chamber to form a stream of excurrent fluid, taking first subsamples of the excurrent fluid in a first subsampler, taking a subsample of the incurrent fluid in a second subsampler, alternately providing excurrent fluid from the first subsampler to the first gas analyzer and to the second gas analyzer to measure the gas concentrations in the excurrent fluid, and alternately providing incurrent air from the second subsampler to the first gas analyzer and to the second gas analyzer to measure the gas concentrations in the incurrent fluid.

Abstract: A novel method of manufacturing a hydrogen sensor is disclosed. The method includes the steps of forming a thin film made of a transition metal or an alloy thereof on a surface of an elastic substrate, and forming a plurality of nanogaps in the thin film formed on the surface of the elastic substrate by applying a tensile force to the elastic substrate. The nanogaps are formed as the thin film is stretched in a direction in which the tensile force acts while being contracted in a direction perpendicular to the direction in which the tensile force acts when the tensile force is applied, and is contracted again in the direction in which the tensile force is released while being stretched again in the direction perpendicular to the direction in which the tensile force is released when the tensile force is released.

Abstract: To provide a quartz sensor capable of detecting a sensing target with high sensitivity also in measurement in a liquid phase in which a difference in Q values at the time of measurement in the liquid phase and in a vapor phase is small. In a quartz sensor 1 including an AT-cut quartz plate 11 having a capture layer (absorbing layer) 12 formed on one surface (XZ? surface) thereof and detecting a sensing target based on an amount of change in a frequency of a quartz resonator 10 caused when the sensing target is absorbed by the capture layer 12, there are formed electrodes 13 for oscillating the quartz plate 11 on end faces (XY? surfaces) mutually opposite in a Z? direction of the surface of the quartz resonator 10 on which the capture layer 12 is formed (XZ? surface).

Abstract: A gas concentration of a gas may be detected from a gas mixture using gas detectors sensitive to the gas. A gas concentration may be measured by a first gas detector at a first operating temperature, and a first signal characteristic of the measured gas concentration may be provided. An operating temperature of the first gas detector may be changed to a second operating temperature, or a second gas detector having the second operating temperature may be provided. A gas concentration may then be measured at the second operating temperature, and a second signal characteristic of the measured gas concentration may be provided. The gas concentration of the gas from the gas mixture may be determined using a first concentration value allocated to the first signal and a second concentration value allocated to the second signal.

Abstract: A semiconductor-based gas detector enhances the collection of gas molecules and also provides a self-contained means for removing collected gas molecules by utilizing one or more electric fields to transport the gas molecules to and away from a metallic material that has a high permeability to the gas molecules.

Abstract: A trace gas sensing apparatus includes a cathode, an anode, a vacuum enclosure, and a membrane. The anode coaxially surrounds the cathode, wherein the cathode and the anode define an annular ionization chamber. The vacuum enclosure surrounds the cathode and the anode and includes a gas inlet fluidly communicating with the ionization chamber. The membrane is coupled to the gas inlet in a sealed manner and is permselective to trace gas. The apparatus may further include circuitry for applying a negative voltage potential to the cathode and for measuring an ion current signal generated by the cathode, and a magnet assembly for generating a magnetic field in the ionization chamber. The cathode may include an elongated member located along a longitudinal axis, and first and second end plates orthogonal to the longitudinal axis.

Abstract: This device includes a stage for forming a gaseous flow from the sample, and a column for separation by selective retention of each gaseous constituent. It includes an oven for combustion of the gaseous flow in order to form a gaseous residue from each constituent, and a quantification unit for quantifying the content of each constituent to be analyzed in the gaseous flow. The quantification unit includes an optical measurement cell connected to an oven, and a mirror for introducing a laser incident optical signal into the cell. The quantification unit also measures a transmitted optical signal resulting from an interaction between the optical signal and each gaseous residue in the cell, and calculates the content on the basis of the transmitted optical signal.

Abstract: Reliable, fast and inexpensive breath gas detector systems for medical diagnostics, including personal, handheld monitoring devices for a variety of diseases and conditions, including, for example, asthma, diabetes, blood cholesterol, and lung cancer. A sensor device (100) for detecting gases includes a sensing element (109) having an electrical resistance that changes in the presence of a target gas; a readout circuit, electrically coupled to the sensing element due to the presence of the target gas and converts the measurement to a digital signal; and a feedback loop (203) from a digital unit (205) to the readout circuit to compensate for variations in a baseline resistance of the sensing element.

Abstract: A continuous emissions monitoring system is in fluid communication with a flue stack conducting exhaust gas from a combustion source. The continuous emissions monitor system comprises an analyzer for measuring concentrations of an analyte present in the exhaust gas. A probe is in fluid communication with the flue stack to acquire a sample of exhaust gas from the flue stack. The probe is also in fluid communication with and located upstream of the analyzer. The probe tends to remove analyte from the sample. A calibration checking system is in fluid communication with the probe. The calibration checking system includes a source that provides a flow of a known concentration of calibration material to be measured by the analyzer. The calibration material is the same as the analyte. A humidifier is associated with the source to provide moisture to a flow of calibration material.

Abstract: A multi-sensor as disclosed herein can include a substrate and at least three sensing elements disposed on the substrate. Each sensing element includes two electrodes separated by a distance and a nanowire mat adjacent to and in contact with the electrodes. The nanowire mats include nanowires which define a percolation network. The density of the nanowires in the nanowire mat of one sensing element is different than the density of the nanowires in the nanowire mat of either of the other at least two sensing elements.

Abstract: The disclosure relates generally to a method for testing containers for foreign substances, wherein a standard gas is blown into a container to be tested, at least a part of the test gas escaping from the container is tested by a measuring device, and the part of the test gas remaining outside the measuring device is removed from the measuring area in a clocked manner, e.g. by blowing it away or sucking it off.

Abstract: A method for sensing analyte. The method includes the steps of sensing one or more parameters in reaction to the presence of one or more analytes and outputting a current therefrom in accordance with level of the sensed parameter by each of a plurality of sensors, each of the plurality of sensors being provided in one or more sensor array columns, selectively heating one or more of the sensor array columns by a heating element, and receiving an output current from one of the plurality of sensors from each of the plurality of sensor arrays by a Voltage Controlled Oscillator (VCO) arranged in a VCO array. The method further includes the steps of generating an output oscillation frequency by each VCO in accordance with the level of the received output current, and counting a number of oscillations over a predetermined time received from each of the plurality of VCOs in the VCO array by a plurality of counters arranged in a counter array.

Abstract: An apparatus for sensing analyte is provided. The apparatus may include a plurality of sensor array columns, each sensor array column including a plurality of sensors, each sensor being adapted for sensing one or more parameters in reaction to the presence of one or more analytes and output a current therefrom in accordance with level of the sensed parameter, a heating element for selectively heating one or more of the sensor array columns, a Voltage Controlled Oscillator (VCO) array including a plurality of VCOs, each VCO adapted to receive an output current from one of the plurality of sensors from each of the plurality of sensor arrays and for and generating an output oscillation frequency in accordance with the level of the received output current, and a counter array including a plurality of counters, each counter adapted to receive an output from a corresponding VCO and count a number of oscillations over a predetermined time.

Abstract: An apparatus for sensing analyte is provided. The apparatus may include a plurality of sensor array columns, each sensor array column including a plurality of sensors, each sensor being adapted for sensing one or more parameters in reaction to the presence of one or more analytes and output a current therefrom in accordance with level of the sensed parameter, a Voltage Controlled Oscillator (VCO) array including a plurality of VCOs, each VCO adapted to receive an output current from one of the plurality of sensors from each of the plurality of sensor arrays and for and generating an output oscillation frequency in accordance with the level of the received output current, and a counter array including a plurality of counters, each counter adapted to receive an output from a corresponding VCO and count a number of oscillations over a predetermined time.

Abstract: An NDIR gas sensor is housed within a mechanical housing made up of a header housing, a can mounted to the header housing, and a sample chamber mounted above the can. The can has a top surface with a pair of windows formed in it to allow radiation to enter and return from the sample chamber. An electronics module is mounted on a printed circuit board hermetically sealed within the can. A signal channel path length detected by the signal detector is greater than a reference channel path length detected by the reference detector and an absorption bias between the signal and reference outputs can be used to determine a gas concentration in the sample chamber. Both the signal detector and the reference detector have an identical narrow band pass filter with the same Center Wavelength (“CWL”), Full Width Half Maximum (FWHM) and transmittance efficiency at the CWL.

Abstract: A gas sensor comprises a gas sensing element, a housing for the gas sensing element, and an element cover secured to an axial end of the housing and composed of an inner cover covering part of the gas sensing element and an outer cover disposed outside the inner cover. The outer cover comprise an approximately cylindrical side wall body, a bottom body integral with the side wall body, and a guide having first and second ends, the first end being secured to the side wall body and the second end being separated from the side wall body and located to provide a side opening between the second end and the side wall body. The side opening introduces a gas thereinto. A discharge opening is formed through the bottom body. The second end is recessed inward in the outer cover and is closer to the bottom body than the first end.

Abstract: A gas sensor including a plate-shaped detecting element is disclosed, wherein the detecting element has a pair of principle surfaces and a pair of side surfaces adjacent to the pair of principle surfaces, in a radical direction thereof, wherein a first chamfered portion is provided between at least one first principal surface of the pair of principal surfaces and the rear end surface of the detecting element, and wherein the angle between a first axis ridgeline portion formed by the first principal surface and a first side surface that is one of the pair of side surfaces and extending in the direction of the axis, and a first width ridgeline formed by the first principal surface and the first chamfered portion and extending in a width direction is larger than 90°.

Abstract: It is an object of the present invention to provide a gas concentration detection apparatus that is capable of forming an accurate activity judgment when a gas concentration detection cell begins to detect gas concentration with high accuracy. When warm-up begins at time t0 in a NOx concentration detection apparatus that achieves NOx concentration detection with a NOx sensor cell after excess oxygen is discharged by an oxygen pump cell, a NOx sensor cell output begins to rise at time t1. Subsequently, at time t2, an oxygen pump cell output begins to rise. An inflection point appearing in the NOx sensor cell output is then located. At time t5 at which the inflection point appears, an activity judgment about the NOx sensor cell is formed.

Abstract: The present invention provides a class of sensors prepared from regions of conducting organic materials and conducting materials that show an increase sensitivity detection limit for amines. The present class of sensors have applications in the detection of spoiled food products and in testing for diseases, such as cholera and lung cancer, which have amines as biomarkers.

Abstract: An oscillation circuit includes: a first oscillation circuit and a second oscillation circuit, wherein the first oscillation circuit includes a first input side electrode electrically connected to a first oscillator and a first output side electrode electrically connected to the first oscillator, and the second oscillation circuit includes a second input side electrode electrically connected to a second oscillator and a second output side electrode electrically connected to the second oscillator, wherein the distance between the first output side electrode and the second input side electrode is greater than the distance between the first input side electrode and the first output side electrode.

Abstract: [Objective] To provide a gas sensor in which a filter member provided in an aerial communication hole adapted to introduce the air for exposing a reference electrode of a detection element to the air is reliably protected through simple configuration. [Means for Solution] A filter member 87 having air permeability and waterproofness is disposed in an aerial communication hole 91 formed in a grommet 9 disposed in a rear end portion 38 of a housing tube 3. The housing tube 3 has a vent portion 34 provided for ensuring aerial communication while protecting the filter member 87. The vent portion 34 is connected, by means of arm portions 33, to an end portion (an opening end 32) of a side wall 39 of the housing tube 3. The side wall 39 surrounds the circumference of the grommet 9. Since the arm portions 33 are disposed in respective grooves 93 of the grommet 9, the grommet 9 is positioned relative to the housing tube 3.

Abstract: An air mass meter having a sensor chip. The sensor chip is constructed as a microelectromechanical system and has a sensor element, an electronic evaluation circuit and an electronic oscillator. The sensor chip is fastened to a carrier element using an adhesive. In order to specify an air mass meter which makes it possible to evaluate data in a particularly reliable and accurate manner, the sensor chip is divided into a first region and a second region. The sensor chip is fastened to the carrier element using the adhesive solely in the first region, and the sensor element and the oscillator are arranged in the second region.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for monitoring and sampling air quality in an interior space of a wall are provided. The apparatus includes a housing configured to attach the apparatus to an electrical outlet in the wall, and a gasket configured to provide a seal between the housing and the electrical outlet. The apparatus further includes an air moving unit configured to draw air from the interior space of the wall into the apparatus, and a sensor configured to monitor and sample the air quality in the interior space of the wall. The gasket is configured to directly attach to an electrical plate cover of the electrical outlet or to the wall.

Abstract: Mechanical, electronic, algorithmic, and computer network facets are combined to create a highly integrated advanced gas sensor. A sensor is integrated into switchgear housings. These sensors integrated into high voltage switchgear products, deployed by electric utility end users in replacement and expansion cycles, function to detect and mitigate atmospheric pollution caused by leaking SF6. As its associated gas insulated tank is charged with 10 to 350 lbs. of SF6, each gas sensor monitors its local cache of gas, accurately sensing and computing fractional percentage losses (emissions) and gains (maintenance replacement) in SF6 mass, storing data in onboard data logs, and communicating data when triggered by detection events or in response to remote requests over a hierarchical communications network, a process that continues without labor until a fractional leak is automatically detected and reported creating the opportunity for early leak mitigation.

Abstract: A ceramic heater including: a ceramic substrate having a heater element which generates heat when energized and an electrode pad disposed on a surface of the ceramic substrate, the electrode pad being electrically connected to the heater element, and a connection terminal electrically connected to the electrode pad through a braze part bonded to the electrode pad, the braze part being made of an alloy of copper and gold and the connection terminal being made of nickel or a nickel alloy, wherein a first region of the braze part within a distance of 15 ?m from a contact face between the braze part and the connection terminal has a gold content of more than 6 wt % and less than 10 wt %.

Abstract: A gas sensor apparatus and method of forming the same generally includes a gas sensor element comprising a heater and a plurality of electrodes. A ceramic substrate can be provided for supporting the electrodes on one side of the ceramic substrate and the heater on the opposite side of the ceramic substrate. The gas sensor element is preferably embedded in the ceramic substrate. The ceramic substrate also possesses a substantially circular shape in order to prevent a breakage of the gas sensor element, avoid thermal loss, and permit the gas sensor apparatus to withstand mechanical shock and high vibrations while occupying a minimal package space.