Abstract: A sensor module includes a sensor that detects a first component, a first flow channel to supply a sample fluid to the sensor, and a second flow channel to supply a reference fluid to the sensor. The reference fluid includes a second component different from the first component included in the sample fluid. The second flow channel includes a first filter that reduces the amount of the first component in the reference fluid.

Abstract: A device for measuring the membrane fouling index which can measure the modified fouling index (MFI) and the silt density index (SDI) at the same time and quantify the degree of membrane fouling caused by various kinds of membrane fouling materials, such as particulate materials, colloids, organic matters, and so on, in a short period of time.

Abstract: Systems and methods for testing shear bond strength of cement with a composite sample under downhole conditions form a bonding surface of the sample oriented at an angle between 50 and 70 degrees from a plane perpendicular to a longitudinal axis of the sample. The composite sample is formed by bonding the cement to the sample with the cement in contact with the bonding surface of the sample.

Abstract: Techniques for analyzing a sample include preparing a sample; circulating a gel solution through the sample to saturate the sample; scanning the saturated sample with a nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) system to determine two or more NMR values of the saturated sample; determining a permeability of the saturated sample based, at least in part, on the two or more NMR values of the saturated sample; aging the saturated sample; scanning the aged sample with the NMR system to determine two or more NMR values of the aged sample; determining a permeability of the aged sample based, at least in part, on the two or more NMR values of the aged sample; comparing the determined permeability of the saturated sample against the determined permeability of the aged sample; and based on the compared permeabilities, determining a gel solution syneresis rate.

Abstract: Wellbore pressure surge simulation systems, methods to perform pressure surge simulations, and methods to configure pressure surge simulation systems are disclosed. A wellbore pressure surge simulation system includes a core chamber configured to store a core sample of a downhole formation inside the core chamber. The wellbore pressure surge simulation system also includes a fluid chamber that is fluidly connected to the core chamber and having a first compartment that is configured to store a first fluid and a second compartment that is configured to store a second fluid. The wellbore pressure surge simulation system further includes a wellbore chamber positioned adjacent to the core chamber and configured to store the first fluid. The wellbore pressure surge simulation system further includes a flow restrictor configured to restrict fluid flow from the wellbore chamber.

Abstract: A method of integrity testing a porous material is disclosed, providing a porous material suitable for filtration to be tested, said porous material having a first surface and a second surface; wetting said porous material with a wetting liquid; providing a gas stream comprising at least first and second gases humidified with said wetting liquid below the saturation vapor pressure of said wetting liquid and wherein said humidified gas stream has a humidity of 50-99%; introducing said gas stream to said first surface of said porous material; causing said first and second gases to flow through said porous material; measuring the concentration of at least one of said first and second gases in the permeate stream exiting said second surface of said porous material; and comparing the measured concentration to a predetermined concentration.

Abstract: A test device and a calibration method thereof are disclosed. The test device for calibrating a test equipment, which is used to test a waterproof level of an electronic apparatus, comprises: at least two plates stacked together, in corresponding positions of which holes are formed; and at least one layer of waterproof mesh, which is sandwiched between two adjacent plates and covers the holes.

Abstract: In some embodiments, a system includes a housing having a cavity defined therein for holding a test sample, a first inlet in fluid communication with the cavity to deliver fluid to the test sample, a second inlet in fluid communication with the cavity to deliver fluid to the test sample, the first inlet configured to deliver fluid to the test sample in a direction substantially perpendicular to a direction that the second inlet is configured to deliver fluid to the test sample, an outlet in fluid communication with the cavity to receive fluid from the test sample, and a force applicator configured to apply compressive force to the test sample within the cavity. The force applicator forms a seal with the housing while applying compressive force to the test sample. The system also comprises at least one sensor configured to, while fluid flows from at least one of the inlets through the test sample to the outlet, determine a fluid characteristic, a test sample characteristic, or any combination thereof.

Abstract: In example implementations, a computing system is provided. The computing system includes at least one electronic component, a fan and a filter. The electronic component generates heat that is cooled by an air flow within the computing system that is generated by the fan. The filter is located in a path of the air flow. The filter includes a filter mesh with a strain gauge that is encapsulated and incorporated into the filter mesh to measure an amount that the filter mesh is clogged.

Abstract: An apparatus for evaluating gas barrier properties, a support having a polymer for supporting a sample, a chamber on a permeation side, and a detection unit, the support being joined to the opening of the chamber on a permeation side; in which a polymer film is provided between the support and a sample; a chamber on a supply side is provided, being disposed so as to be closably attachable to the sample and able to go up and down; and an external chamber covers a region interposed between the polymer film and the support; and a method of evaluating gas barrier properties using the same.

Abstract: A system and method for surface characterization of a porous solid or powder sample using flowing gas include mass flow controllers configured to deliver a controllable mass flow of a carrier gas and adsorptive gas to vary concentration of the adsorptive gas flowing through at least one measurement channel containing a sample cell. A concentration detector downstream of the sample cell provides a signal indicative of the adsorptive gas concentration to a controller that determines the amount of adsorptive gas adsorbed and/or desorbed to characterize the surface area, pore volume, pore volume distribution, etc. of the sample material. The detector may include a housing, heat exchanger, thermal conductivity detector, and a temperature regulator.

Abstract: A testing device, a testing method, and a design method for a rotary pressure filter. The device includes a stabilizer tank; a buffer tank connected to the stabilizer tank; a filter frame disposed beneath the buffer tank, and connected to the buffer tank; a liquid receiving tank disposed beneath the filter frame; an electronic balance disposed at bottom of the liquid receiving tank; and a seconds counter. The testing method includes adding a certain calculated amount of testing slurry into the filter frame, introducing a gas with a certain pressure into the stabilizer tank, filling the filter frame through the buffer tank, opening a valve at bottom of the filter frame, measuring a mass of the expelled filtrate expelled from the filter frame, measuring time of the filtering process, sampling and analyzing the filter cake and the expelled filtrate according to actual needs; and perform cleaning and drying processes sequentially.

Abstract: The present invention comprises a test for evaluating spontaneous hydraulic fracturing fluid imbibition and oil displacement method and apparatus utilizing a composite core with a pressurized Amott cell test.

Abstract: A measurement cell includes: an enclosure; a flexible membrane disposed in the enclosure so as to contain a hardenable material; and means for stiffening the membrane configured to assume two alternative states: a stiffness state, in which the stiffening means resist the expansion of the hardenable material during solidification; and a flexible state, in which the stiffening means exert a stress that is less than that exerted in the stiffness state allowing at least one physical, chemical or mechanical property of the hardenable material to be measured and the hardenable material to be extracted from the enclosure; the stiffening means being produced by a set of metal wires connected to a clasp configured to modify the stiffness exerted by the metal wires.

Abstract: A kit is provided that includes a protective material having opposite first and second surfaces, a contaminant for application to the first surface of the protective material, a sorbent pad for placement in contact with the second surface of the protective material, and a multi-point pin technology (MPPT) device configured to press the protective material against the sorbent pad in order to permit the sorbent pad to detect any permeation of the contaminant through the protective material. The MPPT device includes at least one plate having a plurality of apertures, and pins inserted in and slidably displaceable along the apertures independently of one another to press the protective material against the sorbent pad. Also provided are an apparatus made from the kit and methods of using the kit and apparatus.

Abstract: A filter module analysis system configured for the analysis of a filter module having a filter element contained within a housing, the housing having an inlet, a clean outlet and a waste outlet. A clean outlet sensor assembly can be provided about the clean outlet, and a waste outlet sensor assembly can be provided about the waste outlet. A data collection and network communication mechanism can be configured to receive process and receive data from the clean and waste outlet sensor assemblies and transmit the data over a network to a server form storage and processing filter module statuses based on flow detected flow parameters.

Abstract: An irregular rock sample high-pressure permeation device with an adjustable flow direction and a test method thereof are provided, wherein two blocking mechanisms I and two blocking mechanisms II are arranged inside a cylinder body; partitioning plates are respectively arranged on both sides of each of the blocking mechanisms I; water blocking plates are respectively arranged at both sides of each of the blocking mechanisms I; one end of each of the water blocking plates is connected to the sidewall of each of the partitioning plates, and the other end of each of the water blocking plates is connected to an internal portion of the cylinder body; a water injection pipe is disposed between the water blocking plates on a same side. The present invention combines flexible film amorphous close fit properties and easy charging and discharging of free gas.

Abstract: In the present invention, a method for determining at least one pore-related parameter of a porous structure is provided. In a preferred embodiment, an enhanced evapoporometry (EP) technique is provided to determine pore size distribution of continuous pores of a porous structure. In this enhanced EP technique, a volatile liquid, such as isopropoyl alcohol or water, is supplied to one side of a porous structure in order to enable the volatile liquid to penetrate and saturate the porous structure through capillary force. Thereafter, an immiscible non-volatile liquid, such as glycerol, mineral oils, silicon oils or hydrophilic ionic liquid, is supplied to the one side of the porous structure. As the volatile liquid evaporates progressively from the filled pores, the emptied pores may be immediately filled by the non-volatile liquid drawn upwards by capillary action. This prevents formation of a t-layer formed from the adsorption of vapour emanating from the volatile liquid that is used to saturate the pores.

Abstract: Apparatuses and methods for applying triaxial stresses to a core sample during perforation and flow testing. A core sample of rock is positioned within a fixture shell of an overburden stress apparatus, which is placed within a pressure vessel. The pressure vessel applies a vessel pressure to the overburden stress apparatus. The overburden stress apparatus contains a plurality of stress members which apply overburden stresses to the core sample along its three principal axes. The applied overburden stresses are resisted by a combination of the structural integrity of the overburden stress apparatus and the circumferential support applied to the overburden stress apparatus by the vessel pressure. With the overburden stresses applied, the core sample can undergo perforation testing, production testing, and injection testing.

Abstract: An apparatus (10) and method for performing nonlinear elasticity measurements using the dynamic acousto-elasticity technique (DAET) at simulated subsurface conditions in the laboratory, are described. The current state-of-the-art for measuring nonlinear elasticity parameters using DAET is limited to ambient pressure conditions on the bench-top. The present invention permits nonlinear parameter measurements at controlled sample internal fluid pore pressures (52) and external confining stress (44), (50) conditions.

Abstract: An apparatus and a system is provided that may be utilized to determine air flow through an air filter and/or a plurality of air filters. The present invention utilizes a demonstration apparatus to illustrate the differences in air flow and air restriction between a plurality of different air filters and filtration media. The apparatus and system utilizes a common plenum which subjects the plurality of air filters to the same differential pressure. The air flows through a first side of the air filter and is measured on the second side of the air filter by utilizing a wind meter or similar device to gauge the amount of air flow velocity of the second side of the filter. Additionally, the apparatus and system utilizes a display means to illustrate the differing air velocity through the second side of the air filter.

Abstract: A method of integrity testing porous materials that is non-destructive to the material being tested. The inlet gas stream includes at least two gases, wherein one of the gases has a different permeability in liquid than the other, such as oxygen and nitrogen in water. The relative permeability of the gases is measured in the retentate stream, thereby avoiding accessing the permeate stream and potentially introducing contaminants to the material being tested. The integrity test is capable of detecting the presence of oversized pores or defects that can compromise the retention capability of the porous material.

Abstract: Exemplary embodiments contained herein relate to smokeless products containing one or more non-tobacco plant materials and methods of manufacture thereof. Exemplary embodiments are related to the method of manufacture of various chew products containing non-tobacco ingredients including plant material and a starch, a sweetener, natural and artificial flavors, a pH adjuster, solvent, salt, and nicotine and methods of manufacture thereof.

Abstract: A visible test system includes a test chamber system, a heating system, a pressure control system, and a high-energy accelerator CT detection system configured to scan and detect the seepage and migration of magnetic fluid in fractures in a sample. The test chamber system includes a pressure chamber and a sample encapsulation device immersed in hydraulic oil arranged inside the pressure chamber. The heating system includes a magnetic fluid heating device, a resistance wire heating device and a temperature detection device. The magnetic fluid heating device includes a magnetic fluid loading pump configured to supply the magnetic fluid injected into the sample encapsulation device and an alternating magnetic field control device configured to provide an alternating magnetic field for heating the magnetic fluid. The resistance wire heating device is configured to heat the hydraulic oil. The present invention makes the fracture connectivity change during rock mass fracture visible.

Abstract: An experimental device for carbon dioxide imbition, diffusion and oil discharge in a tight oil reservoir includes: a multistage rock core holder connected with a confining pressure pump and including a pair of connecting holes arranged at an upper end and a lower end thereof with an oil filler pipe connecting therebetween, a crude oil injection device and a recovery device respectively connected to the upper and lower ends, an intermediate container connected to both a high-pressure cylinder and an injection pump, a return pressure pump, a collection device and a control system. A plurality of rows of openings is arranged at a side of the multistage rock core holder to act as a gas inlet connected with the intermediate container via a pipeline, and a gas outlet connected with the recovery device; heating layers are arranged at inner walls of the multistage rock core holder and the intermediate container.

Abstract: A method for detecting a leak in a test object, including inserting the test object into a test chamber; filling the test object with a test gas; and adjusting a pressure in the test chamber and a pressure in the test object such that the test chamber pressure is lower than the test object pressure. The test chamber contains air and the test object is filled exclusively with a gas containing no molecules with oxygen atoms. In order to detect a leak in the test object, an oxygen proportion of the air in the test chamber is measured with an oxygen sensor.

Abstract: The invention provides a tri-axial centrifuge apparatus for testing of petro-physical properties and gathering of geo-mechanical information, as well as methods of using the tri-axial centrifuge apparatus. The tri-axial centrifuge apparatus includes a tri-axial sample holder, a fluid sample holder, a centrifuge, at least one electrical sensor, at least one acoustic sensor, and an x-ray instrument.

Abstract: The invention is generally directed to an apparatus and a method for measuring a refractive index of a soft contact lens under a consistent pressure.

Abstract: Apparatuses and methods suitable for (i) measuring lithological or petro-physical properties of reservoir core sample including shale rock; (ii) evaluating the degree of formation damage caused by foreign fluid into formation; (iii) conducting dynamic experiments, such as water flooding, chemical solution flooding, and supercritical CO2 injection to displacing oil tests; (iv) simulating physical radial flow experiments using reservoir core sample(s) at conditions of temperature up to 150° C. and pressure up to 6000 psi, are provided involving radial flow through the core sample(s) having at least partially hollow centers in an axial direction, up to annular axial cross-sections.

Abstract: A method for correcting low permeability laboratory measurements for leaks. A pulse-decay permeability (PDP) experiment is performed on a core sample retrieved from a formation. The PDP experiment includes flowing fluid through the core sample in a sealed enclosure. In response to flowing the fluid through the core sample, a change in fluid pressure is measured over time. Based on the change in fluid pressure over time, a leakage of fluid from the sealed enclosure is determined. In response to determining the leakage of fluid from the sealed enclosure, an analytical model of the leakage is determined based on the change in fluid pressure over time.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus are disclosed for measuring the permeability and/or porosity of ultra-low permeable rock samples. In some embodiments, the methods utilize fluid pressure perturbation.

Abstract: The present invention provides a supercritical carbon dioxide core fracturing holder under pore pressure saturation, including a holding sleeve; a left end sleeve and a right end sleeve are correspondingly embedded at the two end ports of the holding sleeve, and a fixed plug is docked to the left end sleeve; a moving plug movably passes through the right end sleeve, and a piston ring is formed on the outer side face of the moving plug; a sealing rubber sleeve for holding a test sample is disposed; two axial fluid injection pipelines are correspondingly disposed within the fixed plug and the moving plug; and an axial displacement measuring device is disposed between the outer end of the right end sleeve and the moving plug, and a fluid injection chamber is formed between the inner wall of the holding sleeve and the outer side face of the sealing rubber sleeve.

Abstract: A monitoring clip to be secured to the edge of a filter cartridge includes a channel connecting both sides of the filter through which air will flow in response to the filter becoming clogged. Air flow within the channel will eventually be strong enough to pivotally move a flow vane. Controlling circuitry is used to detect the angular movement of the flow vane. When the flow vane moves to a “triggering” position, it is determined that the filter is clogged and requires replacement. Controlling circuitry will sound and illuminate a local alarm, and send a signal by Bluetooth or WiFi, to a smartphone. Although a clip format is preferred, the measuring and controlling circuitry of the monitoring clip can be also built into new filters.

Abstract: An evaluation method for different types of pore evolution in shale is related, which is applied to the field of unconventional oil and gas research. As the shale depth or maturity increases, different types of pores (including intergranular pores, intragranular pores, organic pores and fractures) developed in shale are constantly changing, which is important for shale oil and gas accumulation. The present invention starts from the high-resolution scanning electron micrography of shale, and respectively extracts the areal porosity of different types of pores based on the division criteria of different types of pores and pore identification in the established shale, and combines the low-temperature N2, CO2 adsorption experiments and the high-pressure mercury intrusion experiments to obtain the total pore volume and establish the evolution chart of different types of pores. The proposed method has an important application value for the exploration of unconventional shale oil and gas resources.

Abstract: The present application provides an apparatus and a method for measuring apparent permeability of a tight rock core, the apparatus comprises: a rock core holder, a first high-pressure injection pump, a second high-pressure injection pump, a micro-differential pressure meter, a micro-flow meter, a first pressure control unit, a second pressure control unit, a first valve, a second valve, a third valve, and a fourth valve; the first pressure control unit comprises: a first pressure-resistant piston container and a second pressure-resistant piston container, both of which are divided into an upper cavity and a lower cavity by a piston, the upper cavities of the first pressure-resistant piston container and the second pressure-resistant piston container are filled with gases and communicate with each other, and the lower cavity of the first pressure-resistant piston container is filled with pump pressure-transmission liquids, and the lower cavity of the second pressure-resistant piston container is filled with ex

Abstract: In various aspects, the infiltrometer apparatus includes a cylinder that defines a cylinder passage coupleable to a base that defines a base passage to form an infiltrometer passage. The infiltrometer apparatus includes a baffle removably emplaced within the infiltrometer passage in gapped relation with a soil surface of a soil, in various aspects. In various aspects, the infiltrometer apparatus includes a level detector to detect a water surface level of a water surface within the infiltrometer passage. The level detector may communicate by network with a computer to communicate data indicative of the water surface level to the computer. The network may be wireless, at least in part. Related methods of use of the infiltrometer apparatus are also disclosed herein.

Abstract: Techniques for analyzing a sample include preparing a sample; circulating a gel solution through the sample to saturate the sample; scanning the saturated sample with a nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) system to determine two or more NMR values of the saturated sample; determining a permeability of the saturated sample based, at least in part, on the two or more NMR values of the saturated sample; aging the saturated sample; scanning the aged sample with the NMR system to determine two or more NMR values of the aged sample; determining a permeability of the aged sample based, at least in part, on the two or more NMR values of the aged sample; comparing the determined permeability of the saturated sample against the determined permeability of the aged sample; and based on the compared permeabilities, determining a gel solution syneresis rate.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a system for simulating depletion/injection processes under true triaxial stress conditions. The system may include a pressure cell coupled with a true triaxial loading mechanism. A cubical rock specimen may be disposed within the pressure cell and vertical and horizontal loading mechanisms of the true triaxial loading mechanism may compress the cubical rock specimen along three principle axes, while pore pressure within the cubical rock specimen may be increased or decreased by injecting or discharging a pressurized fluid within the pressure cell in order to simulate in situ conditions of a real reservoir.

Abstract: An fluid monitoring system can include a filter having an upstream face and a downstream face and defining a form factor, a sensor package arranged within the form factor of the filter to detect at least one quality factor of a surrounding medium, a transmitter electronically coupled to the sensor package and including an antenna for autonomous wireless transmission of the detected fluid quality information, and a power subsystem coupled to the sensor package and the transmitter to provide access to continuous electrical power thereto.

Abstract: The invention belongs to the field of rock mechanics test of engineering rock masses and is intended to address the safety and alignment challenges of a rock mechanics test response system for existing simulated complex deep earth environment. A rock mechanics test response system for a simulated complex deep earth environment includes a bearing system for rock mechanics tests in simulated deep earth environment and an MTS triaxial sensor aligning and mounting device arranged on the bearing system for rock mechanics tests in simulated deep earth environment. The invention improves installation and dismounting efficiency of an MTS triaxial force sensor, enhances reliability of lifting and solves the problem of aligning holes during installation of the force sensor, thus improving the installation efficiency.

Abstract: A permeation cell device includes a body component, a wire mesh support structure positioned in the body component, a membrane over the wire mesh support structure, a pair of compressible gaskets sandwiching the membrane, and a flange compressing the membrane. A spectroscopic device contains the permeation cell device. At least one mechanism simultaneously performs an infrared-reflection absorption spectroscopic analysis of a surface of the membrane as a fluid permeates on the membrane and measures a trans-membrane fluid permeation rate across the membrane. The wire mesh support structure may be configured to provide mechanical support to the non-opaque membrane at a pressure of at least 1 atm. The permeation cell device and the spectroscopic device may collectively create a pair of separate isolated compartments. The body component may include a material that is non-permeable to the fluid.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a filter capsule that supports direct integrity testing of an internal filter element. The filter capsule includes a filter housing having an inlet port, an outlet port, a passage running longitudinally between the inlet port and outlet port and holding a filter element, and an aseptic vent assembly. The filter housing also includes an integrity test assembly that can be used as a direct connection for integrity testing hardware, as opposed to upstream of the filter capsule. In one embodiment, the integrity test assembly comprises a body having a bore formed through its interior and a movable plunger within the bore. The plunger includes a handle to move the plunger between a closed position and an open position. Various seals between the plunger and the bore form a fluid tight seal between various portions of the plunger and the bore.

Abstract: A method of analysing a subterranean drilled core sample 10 is disclosed.

Abstract: To optimize the efficiency of a perforating tool system, downhole conditions may be simulated to determine the optimal configuration for the perforating tool system. A simulated wellbore is disposed in a pressure vessel and coupled to a target composite core assembly. A perforating tool system is disposed in the simulated wellbore above the target composite core assembly. The target composite core assembly includes an outer shell. The outer shell comprises a material that supports a rubber bladder or flexible jacket that is disposed about the outer shell. The outer shell isolates the overburden fluid and pressure from the inner core during a radial flow test to more accurately simulate conditions downhole. A parameter of a perforating tool system may be altered based, at least in part, on a result from the radial flow test.

Abstract: A device for measuring the membrane fouling index which can measure the modified fouling index (MFI) and the silt density index (SDI) at the same time and quantify the degree of membrane fouling caused by various kinds of membrane fouling materials, such as particulate materials, colloids, organic matters, and so on, in a short period of time.

Abstract: An improved complex transient permeability measurement is described. The improvement allows a computer controlled measurement system to automatically adjust the time scale of the transient in order to produce reliable results. The automated method is an improvement on the previous trial and error method, allowing measurements to be more easily optimized and automated.

Abstract: A calibration device and a method of calibrating a mass spectrometer are described where two or more immiscible mass spectrometry calibration compounds in close proximity to each other share a common headspace volume above their liquid surfaces. This arrangement allows each calibrant to evaporate at differing rates while allowing the headspace concentrations to remain relatively unchanged over time (forming a quasi-equilibrium calibrant mixture). The mixture is either delivered to an ion source of a mass spectrometer or to a vacuum pump via a flow restrictor from a calibration vial. The calibrant gas mixture in the headspace volume may be used to calibrate a mass spectrometer.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the field of liquid viscosity measurement using a capillary tube. The invention pertains to novel methods that use surface tension driven flow for the measurement of viscosity of a liquid over a range of shear rates.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods for analyzing and modeling natural gas flow in subterranean shale reservoirs. In preferred embodiments, methodologies and techniques for determining and modeling natural gas flow in shale formations using methodologies and techniques capable of determining natural gas properties related to dual-continuum flow, permeability and pressure within a subterranean shale reservoir. In some embodiments, the natural gas properties are determined by subjecting a subterranean shale reservoir sample to pulse-decay analysis. In certain embodiments, the methodologies and techniques described herein may be used in various reservoirs exhibiting macroporosity and/or microporosity, such as fractured reservoirs and carbonate reservoirs composed of reservoir fluids.

Abstract: A conductivity cell for simulating micro-proppant flowing through microstructures includes a core wafer holder defining a fluid inlet and a fluid outlet, with a core wafer chamber connecting the fluid inlet in fluid communication with the fluid outlet. A core wafer is installed within the core wafer chamber of the core wafer holder. A pressure piston is biased against the core wafer within the core wafer chamber. A pre-determined channel gap is defined on the core wafer for passage of the fluid through the cell.