Abstract: An automated test apparatus for risk and integrity testing for pharmaceutical filtration membranes, including at least the following components: a liquid injection inlet, a pump, a fluid pressure gauge, a gas pressure gauge, a plurality of solenoid valves, a plurality of membranes, a gas pressure regulator valve, a pharmaceutical product bottle, and a bubble generation bottle. The automated test apparatus of the present invention is controlled by computer software in connection with an automatic pharmaceutical synthesis apparatus for automated testing. In use of the automated test apparatus of the present invention, it needs only to start the operating system of the automated test apparatus for membrane risk and integrity test after the completion of the automatic pharmaceutical synthesis. The membrane risk and integrity test can be accomplished in a short time by measuring pressures of gas and liquid with pressure gauges deposed online concurrently.

Abstract: In a process for testing filters (4) and (13) of treatment fluid of a hemodiafiltration apparatus (1), each filter has a wet semipermeable membrane (5, 14) which separates a gas-filled first chamber (6 and 15) from a liquid-filled second chamber (7 and 16). The first chambers are pressurised by a pump (19) supplying air, while the second chambers are placed in depression by a drainage pump (17) of used dialysis fluid. A first closed system is formed which includes the first chambers and a second closed system is formed which includes the second chambers. Two pressure gauges (P1 and P2) monitor the pressure in the two closed systems for a predetermined time. The monitoring provides indications relating to the filter integrity.

Abstract: The identification, synthesis, and use of an isomorphously substituted molecular sieve material having structural frameworks substituted with a preselected substitution element for a framework element of the molecular sieve material can result in a preferred transport controlling window size range for the optimal separation of a target gas component from a gaseous mixture containing said target gas component.

Abstract: A convenient method of testing imbibition of one or more imbibant fluids by a matrix of particles with a fluid already therein, comprises making a body 4 of packed particles with a matrix fluid filling the interstices between the particles, placing an imbibant fluid in each of a plurality of capillaries 6, 7, partially inserting each capillary into the body 4 so that part of the capillary with imbibant fluid therein projects from the body 4 and observing time for fluid to be taken from each capillary into the body. The method allows comparison of multiple imbibant fluids by placing each fluid in a respective capillary.

Abstract: A method for particulate filter performance monitoring in an exhaust gas treatment system is provided. The method includes monitoring a current received from a soot sensor in the exhaust gas treatment system and comparing the current to a soot sensor current threshold. Based on determining that the current is greater than or equal to the soot sensor current threshold, an accumulated engine out soot value is compared to an accumulated engine out soot threshold. A particulate filter fault is set based on determining that the accumulated engine out soot value is less than the accumulated engine out soot threshold. A monitoring system and an exhaust gas treatment system of an engine are also provided.

Abstract: The present technology provides systems for monitoring particulate matter buildup on a filter installed in the engine exhaust stream of a vehicle. A filter differential pressure sensor monitors a pressure differential across the filter. A downstream differential pressure sensor monitors a pressure differential across an exhaust stream outlet. A processor monitors a particulate buildup value based at least in part on the pressure differential across the filter and the pressure differential across the exhaust stream outlet. A method for monitoring particulate buildup is also provided. The method monitors a pressure differential across the filter, and determines a downstream exhaust flow rate based on a pressure differential between a filter outlet housing and an exit pipe, where the diameter of the filter outlet housing is greater than the diameter of the exhaust exit pipe.

Abstract: A device for measuring the pollution index of a filtration membrane includes: a raw water supply part; a first filtration membrane; a raw water supply line; a first flow rate measuring part; a first path line; a second path line; a second filtration membrane having a filtration characteristic different from the first filtration membrane; a first path selection valve installed in the first path line in parallel with respect to the second filtration membrane so that a first measuring path from the raw water supply part to the first flow rate measuring part passes through the first filtration membrane and a second measuring path from the raw water supply part to the first flow rate measuring part successively passes through the first and second filtration membranes; and a pollution index measuring part measuring the pollution indexes of the first and second filtration membranes.

Abstract: A method of constructing a model of permeation to mixtures of solvents of a multilayer polymer structure with n monolayers and its associated computer program. For example, selecting several initial compositions of solvent mixture E1 to Ey, carrying out a sorption measurement and a measurement of diffusion, discretizing said multilayer structure in space and time, estimating partial fluxes of each of the compounds of said composition of solvent mixture between each elementary slice of said multilayer structure, estimating on the one hand a maximal sorption ceiling of said downstream monolayer B and on the other hand the composition of solvent mixture at inlet of said downstream monolayer B, performing a mass balance from slice to slice as a function of time, adjusting the profile of concentrations, storing the concentration profiles and the partial fluxes obtained.

Abstract: A hydraulic circuit for supplying hydraulic fluid to a subsea control module of a control system for an underwater hydrocarbon well, the hydraulic circuit including an input for hydraulic fluid, a filter connected with the input for filtering hydraulic fluid from the input, an output for supplying hydraulic fluid from the filter to the subsea control module, first sensing means for sensing pressure of hydraulic fluid from the input upstream of the filter, second sensing means for sensing pressure of hydraulic fluid downstream of the filter, and a subsea electronics module in the subsea control module, the subsea electronics module being coupled with the first and second sensing means and being adapted to produce an indication related to a hydraulic fluid pressure differential across the filter.

Abstract: A process for characterizing micro, meso, and/or macro porous materials is provided. The process includes providing a volumetric and/or gravimetric adsorption system, the adsorption system having an adsorption chamber and a probe gas at a first temperature. In addition, a porous material to be characterized is provided and placed within the adsorption chamber. Thereafter, a porosimetry run is conducted on the porous material. The porosimetry run includes: (a) selecting an uptake target value; (b) selecting a target interval bounding the target uptake target value; (c) adjusting pressure within the adsorption chamber in order for the porous sample to reach the target uptake value; (d) adjusting pressure within the adsorption chamber until the pressure within the adsorption chamber is within the target interval for a predetermined amount of time; and (e) repeating steps (a)-(d) until the porosimetry run is complete.

Abstract: Apparatus and systems may operate to enable positron emission imaging with a unitary chamber body having an open end that defines a hollow interior portion shaped to completely contain a flexible sleeve that is used to cover a core sample when the sleeve is seated within the hollow interior portion. An end cap may be formed to engage the open end of the chamber body, which is configured to attenuate gamma rays approximately eight times less than stainless steel, while supporting a pressure differential of at least 3 MPa between the chamber inlet and the outlet when fluid carrying a radioactive tag to generate the gamma rays flows through the hollow interior portion and the core sample via the inlet and the outlet. Additional apparatus, systems, and methods are disclosed.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods determine a permeation characteristic of a challenge chemical for a chemical protective material. A processor retrieves barrier characteristics of the chemical protective material for which the permeation characteristic is to be determined from a computer memory. Information regarding the challenge chemical is obtained. A temperature is received of the chemical protective material for which the permeation characteristic is to be determined. The permeation characteristic is determined from the temperature, the barrier characteristics, and the information regarding the challenge chemical.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are disclosed for determining status of a canister of a topical negative pressure (TNP) system. The method includes the steps of monitoring pressure provided by a pump element of the TNP system, determining at least one characteristic associated with the monitored pressure and determining status of at least one parameter associated with a canister of the TNP system responsive to the determined characteristics.

Abstract: A headspace sampler includes: a sample gas collection channel whose one end communicates with a needle; a pressure gas introduction channel and an exhaust channel that communicate with the other end of the channel in parallel via a branching pipe; a pressure control device that delivers pressure gas to the pressure gas introduction channel at a predetermined pressure; solenoid valves provided in the pressure gas introduction channel and the exhaust channel, respectively; and switching means for switching a state where a measuring pipe is inserted in the sample gas collection channel and a state where the measuring pipe is shorted away from the channel, wherein a pressure sensor is provided on an upstream side of the solenoid valve in the exhaust channel.

Abstract: A method of accelerated testing of a membrane module for resistance to cyclic stress during operation of an industrial membrane separation process comprising loading at least one membrane module into a test cell of a test plant; conducting said industrial membrane separation process while subjecting said membrane module to cyclic stresses during a plurality of membrane operating cycles, each cycle being of significantly lesser duration than used for operation of said industrial membrane separation process in an operating plant; and testing said membrane module for component failure caused by said cyclic stresses.

Abstract: The invention relates to a membrane. Partly permeable membranes often have holes or perforations having a specific diameter to allow substances having a smaller particle diameter to pass through, but to hold back substances having a larger particle diameter. Such membranes are subject to wear primarily at the holes, i.e. cracks form which grow through the membrane proceeding from a hole. Particularly in the case of micromechanical membranes having holes having a small diameter in the range of 1 ?m or less, it is very difficult to detect the state of the membrane, in particular whether the latter has cracks. Membranes having cracks can then undesirably allow passage even of those particles which should actually be held back. In medical or hygienic applications, the function can then be impaired.

Abstract: Embodiments disclose methods of estimating porosity from a pore volume and bulk density. The porosity is obtained by multiplying the pore volume and bulk density. Methods disclosed in the subject disclosure are minimally affected by errors in the bulk density measurement.

Abstract: An air permeability apparatus has a test head with an opening, a vacuum pump, a clamping arm and an orifice disk that is rotatable around its central axis. The orifice disk is arranged between tubes and the vacuum pump and has a plurality of orifices. The orifice disk has at least one slit, the slit extending from an area of the perimeter of the orifice disk towards a central opening of the orifice disk. The length of the slit overlaps a contact area between a first ending of one of the tubes and the surface of the orifice when the slit is in a cleaning position and/or an air jet nozzle is aimed towards the orifice disk.

Abstract: A method for testing integrity of a hydrophobic, porous diaphragm filter (42) includes arranging the filter (42) in a non-wetted state in a test housing (30) so that the filter (42) divides an upstream housing region (30a) from a downstream housing region (30b), completely filling the upstream housing region (30a) with a test liquid that does not wet the hydrophobic diaphragm filter (42), incompletely filling a reservoir (12) that is connected to a liquid feed line (16) of the test housing (30), charging the reservoir (12) with compressed air at a constant pressure below the intrusion pressure of the filter, and determining a substance flow at the reservoir (12). The substance flow to be determined is a mass flow out of the reservoir (12) determined as a decrease in the overall weight of the reservoir (12).

Abstract: Methods for processing a vessel, for example to provide a gas barrier or lubricity, are disclosed. First and second PECVD or other vessel processing stations or devices and a vessel holder comprising a vessel port are provided. An opening of the vessel can be seated on the vessel port. The interior surface of the seated vessel can be processed via the vessel port by the first and second processing stations or devices. Vessel barrier, lubricity and hydrophobic coatings and coated vessels, for example syringes and medical sample collection tubes are disclosed. A vessel processing system and vessel inspection apparatus and methods are also disclosed.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a membrane testing system for individual evaluation of a plurality of planar membranes subjected to a feed gas on one side and a sweep gas on a second side. The membrane testing system provides a pressurized flow of a feed and sweep gas to each membrane testing cell in a plurality of membrane testing cells while a stream of retentate gas from each membrane testing cell is ported by a retentate multiport valve for sampling or venting, and a stream of permeate gas from each membrane testing cell is ported by a permeate multiport valve for sampling or venting. Back pressure regulators and mass flow controllers act to maintain substantially equivalent gas pressures and flow rates on each side of the planar membrane throughout a sampling cycle. A digital controller may be utilized to position the retentate and permeate multiport valves cyclically, allowing for gas sampling of different membrane cells over an extended period of time.

Abstract: A system for testing the efficiency of a test HEPA filter, the system comprises a dilution system and a sampling system. The dilution system processes samples collected upstream of the test HEPA filter. The dilution system has a test portion and a calibrated portion. The calibrated portion aids in determining the dilution ratio of the test portion thereby rendering the dilution system self-calibrating. The sampling system receives upstream samples via the dilution system, and downstream samples collected directly downstream of the test HEPA filter. The sampling system incorporates a flow rate balancing system to ensure accurate counts with respect to samples collected upstream and downstream of the test HEPA filter. The sampling system works well with particle counters fitted with relatively weak fans to draw in samples for counting; this is achieved by connecting the sampling system to both the inlet and exhaust outlet of a particle counter.

Abstract: A particulate collection filter state detection device for detecting a state of a filter for collecting particulates in an exhaust gas, according to the present invention, includes first pressure detection means for detecting a first pressure produced at an upstream side of the filter on an exhaust gas flow path, second pressure detection means for detecting a second pressure produced at a downstream side of the filter on the exhaust gas flow path, and filter state determination means for determining a state of the filter, wherein the filter state determination means are composed of an operation part and a storage part, wherein values of the first and second pressures detected by the first and second pressure detection means are stored in the storage part, wherein values of the first and second pressures detected by the first and second pressure detection means are transmitted from the storage part to the operation part, and wherein a state of the filter is determined in the operation part by applying Fourier

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for determining the permeation rate of barrier materials, with which in a measuring chamber (8.7) which has at least two shut-off elements (81; 8.2) for opening and closing, a concentration of at least one permeate is determined which, present as a test gas with a constant concentration in a test gas chamber (8.3), is permeated into the measuring chamber (8.7) through a barrier element (8.5) which is arranged between the test gas chamber (8.3) and the measuring chamber (8.7) and which has a known permeable surface (A).

Abstract: Provided is an inspection method of a hollow fiber membrane module and a repairing method capable of quickly identifying the position of a damaged membrane in the hollow fiber membrane module with a simple configuration.

Abstract: Disclosed is an apparatus and method for testing a cemented bonding with the formation under wellbore pressure conditions. The apparatus comprises a pressure chamber containing a core of formation material. The cement material to be tested is allowed to set or bond to one side of the core while formation fluids under wellbore pressure conditions are present on the other side. Leakage of formation fluids is measured to evaluate the quality of the interface between the cement and formation materials.

Abstract: A method includes providing at least one filter element in a test rig. The at least one filter element separates a clean side from a dirty side within the test rig. The pressure differential between the clean side and the dirty side is measured. The pressure differential between the clean side and the dirty side is increased by filtering particulate matter and fluid from an air flow within the test rig. The at least one filter element is cleaned. The previous three steps are repeated to replicate the conditions the at least one filter element is subjected to during substantially the entire life cycle of the at least one filter element.

Abstract: An apparatus and a system is provided that may be utilized to determine oil migration and oil displacement from a pre-oiled air filter. The present invention may also be utilized to determine if oil is displaced from the air filter onto a portion of the apparatus for visualization to a user. The present invention utilizes a demonstration apparatus having a system for forcing air through the oil subjected air filter thereby attempting to force displacement of the oil from the air filter. The apparatus utilizes a blowing means whereby the oil infused air filter is subject to higher than normal air flow and whereby the apparatus has a deflection portion whereby if oil is displaced from the air filter, it is deflected onto the deflection portion where it would be physically viewable to an observer present in the vicinity of the apparatus.

Abstract: Devices and methods for testing cement include: a pressure vessel with a sample container inside an interior working volume of the pressure vessel, the pressure vessel configured to supply a first pressurized fluid to control a pore pressure of a cement sample and to supply a second pressurized fluid to lateral exterior surfaces of the sample container to provide a confining pressure that can be different than the pore pressure.

Abstract: The invention discloses a method and device for detecting clogging of a filter. The method comprises obtaining an ambient parameter, obtaining a threshold associated with the ambient parameter, and obtaining a speed of a fan which is located near the filter. The method further comprises comparing the fan speed with the threshold and outputting an alarm signal indicative of the clogging if the fan speed exceeds the threshold. The ambient parameter may comprise at least one of ambient temperature, atmosphere pressure and supply voltage.

Abstract: An apparatus and a system is provided that may be utilized to determine air flow through an air filter and/or a plurality of air filters. The present invention utilizes a demonstration apparatus to illustrate the differences in air flow and air restriction between a plurality of different air filters and filtration media. The apparatus and system utilizes a common plenum which subjects the plurality of air filters to the same differential pressure. The air flows through a first side of the air filter and is measured on the second side of the air filter by utilizing a wind meter or similar device to gauge the amount of air flow velocity of the second side of the filter. Additionally, the apparatus and system utilizes a display means to illustrate the differing air velocity through the second side of the air filter.

Abstract: A warehouse system and method for detecting air particles in a warehouse are disclosed. The warehouse system includes storage locations, air filters, a cartridge, and a control base. The air filters are correspondingly arranged on outer sides of each storage location. A detecting module of the cartridge detects the air particles on a surface of corresponding air filter of the abnormal storage locations. The detecting module further calculates a radius of the air particles and transmits the radius of the air particles to the control base. The control base determines if the corresponding air filter of the abnormal storage locations has leaked. The detecting process of the claimed invention is safer, more precise and convenient.

Abstract: A porosity measuring device (10) according to the present invention includes a magnetic field generating section (20), a dispersoid measuring section (30) configured to measure movement of a dispersoid (s) dispersed in a dispersion medium (m) in a state where a magnetic field is generated by the magnetic field generating section (20), and an operating section (40) configured to obtain a porosity of the dispersoid (s) on the basis of a measurement result of the dispersoid measuring section (30). The operating section (40) obtains a magnetophoretic velocity of the dispersoid (s) from the measurement result of the dispersoid measuring section (30). The operating section (40) preferably obtains the magnetophoretic velocity of the dispersoid (s) from the measurement result of the dispersoid measuring section (30).

Abstract: A device for measuring permeability of a material sample, the device comprising: an input tank (1) configured to store fluid and to supply the fluid to a sample tank (2) positioned below the input tank (1) and configured to hold the material sample, such as to allow the fluid from the input tank (1) to permeate through the material sample; a receptacle (25) positioned under the sample tank (2) to collect drops of fluid permeated through the material sample; and a device (3) for measuring the mass of the drops collected in the receptacle (25) and coupled with a controlling and monitoring device (11) configured to store data on measured mass and measurement times.

Abstract: A system comprising at least one component for an application in which the at least one component is subjected to Hertzian stress or alternating Hertzian stress or altering Hertzian stress in combination with structural stress, and at least one sensor that is arranged in situ to monitor atomic hydrogen permeation through at least part of the at least one component.

Abstract: Methods of testing a honeycomb filter include the step of wetting the outer peripheral surface of the honeycomb filter to enhance the flow of fog through outer peripheral channels of the honeycomb network of channels. In further examples, methods include the step of obstructing a flow of fog through inner peripheral channels to enhance the flow of fog through the outer peripheral channels of the honeycomb network of channels. In further examples, apparatus for testing a honeycomb filter include a flow diverter with a blocking member.

Abstract: Methods of testing a honeycomb filter include the step of maintaining an average temperature of the honeycomb filter and/or fog within a range of from about 10° C. to about 30° C. and flowing a fog with moisture droplets into the honeycomb network of channels at the first end portion of the honeycomb filter, the fog including a relative humidity of at least 80%. In further examples, the moisture droplets include a mean droplet size of from about 1 micron to about 25 microns.

Abstract: Methods of testing a honeycomb filter for defects include the step of wetting at least one of the first end portion and the second end portion to provide at least one wetted end portion. The method further includes the step of monitoring the second end portion for fog passing through the filter.

Abstract: An air permeability apparatus has a test head with an opening, a vacuum pump, a clamping arm and an orifice disk arranged between the test head and the vacuum pump, wherein the orifice disk has a plurality of orifices. The orifice disk is arranged vertically or inclined with respect to the opening.

Abstract: A cooling system includes: a cooling fan configured to take in air through an air filter and to send the air to one or more electronic components; one or more first temperature detectors configured to detect temperatures of the one or more electronic components; a revolution controller configured to control a number of revolutions of the cooling fan on basis of the temperatures detected by the one or more first temperature detectors; and a clogging detector configured to, when the number of revolutions of the cooling fan controlled by the revolution controller is greater than a reference number of revolutions of the cooling fan that makes the temperature of the one or more electronic components less than upper-limit temperatures of the one or more electronic components, detect a clogging condition for the air filter.

Abstract: A quality control apparatus for a gas diffusion layer includes a support, at least one first pressure device, a plate provided below the first pressure device and supporting the pressure applied to the gas diffusion layer sample, a first controller controlling the compression of the first pressure device, a thickness gauge measuring the thickness of the gas diffusion layer sample, a flow channel formed in the sample compressing portion to discharge a gas to the gas diffusion layer sample, a gas supply controller, a gas supply source, a pressure gauge, two fixing devices, a third controller controlling the compression of the fixing devices, two second pressure, a second controller controlling the compression of the second pressure device, a stopper, a protrusion, and a load cell.

Abstract: A method and system for evaluating a fluid in a machine entails periodically evaluating a permittivity of the fluid and based on periodically evaluating the permittivity of the fluid, observing a change in the permittivity of the fluid. Based on the observed change in the permittivity of the fluid, it is determined whether the fluid is exhausted or contaminated.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention generally provide a containment system having integrated bubble tight-dampers. In another embodiment, the containment system includes an integral auto-scan mechanism disposed in the housing of the containment system so that a filter element, disposed in the housing, may be leak tested without accessing the interior of the housing. In yet another embodiment, a method for testing a filter disposed in a containment system includes challenging an upstream side of a filter element disposed in a housing of the containment system with a test aerosol, and automatically moving a probe disposed within the housing to obtain samples for leak testing.

Abstract: Disclosed is a permeameter for in-situ measurement of saturated hydraulic conductivity. The permeameter includes a chamber fixedly installed into a streambed sediment such that the inside of the chamber is filled with a medium, sediment at water-sediment interface. First and second hydraulic head-measuring lines are respectively connected to upper and lower portions of an outer circumferential surface of the chamber, these are designed for measuring a hydraulic head difference of the inside of the chamber. A flexible tube is interconnected the chamber with the storage pipe. A storage pipe is designed to regulate a hydraulic head difference from the chamber and to measure a quantity and a flow rate of water introduced from the chamber under the streambed.

Abstract: An intelligent pipeline pressure sensing device is disclosed. Conventionally, both blower and exhaust fan use the motor with fixed rotation speed to drive the fan blade, so the input/output airflow and pressure are also fixed. When the air inlet duct and air outlet duct are longer or have angle, or the filter is clogged, the drag in the air inlet and outlet ducts increases to cause the airflow or pressure therein to drop, which leads to inefficiency of the equipment and energy usage. The present invention is advantageous because the extent of clogging of the filter can be automatically detected and the user will be notified to wash or replace the filter, so the equipment can be operated at its best condition and in an energy-saving manner.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for estimating porous-media longitudinal dispersion and adsorption coefficients. According to various embodiments of the invention, a method for estimating porous-media longitudinal dispersion coefficients is provided, which includes introducing a pure phase component though a porous medium, and introducing a component having a same phase as the pure phase component through the porous medium. The component includes a viscosifying agent having a non-linear viscosity-concentration dependence. The method further includes measuring, using a permeability analyzer, a pressure drop across the porous medium after each introduction at a plurality of intervals over a period of time. Further, the method includes determining, using the measured pressure drops, a pressure transition, and analyzing the pressure transition across the porous medium to determine a dispersion coefficient for the porous medium.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a diffusion cell for testing the permeation of a compound(s) across a membrane. Also, the present disclosure relates to a method of manufacturing a diffusion cell. Further, the present disclosure relates to a method of performing an assay using a diffusion cell.

Abstract: A method for determining a buffer effect of an activated carbon filter for a tank venting system of a fuel container for hydrocarbon-containing fuels involves feeding a defined quantity of hydrocarbon molecules to the activated carbon filter (320) via a tank connection (320—1) of the activated carbon filter (320) by a hydrocarbon feed system (310). A carrier gas flow is introduced into the activated carbon filter (320) via an air connection (320—2) of the activated carbon filter (320), and a defined volumetric flow is sucked out of the activated carbon filter (320) via an engine connection (320—3) of the activated carbon filter (320) by a hydrocarbon measuring device (340), and its content of hydrocarbon molecules is measured. The defined quantity of hydrocarbon molecules is made available by the hydrocarbon feed system (310) in the form of a thermodynamically isolated gas quantity.

Abstract: A pore diffusion type flat membrane separation apparatus X including a plurality of flat membranes 7 and a plurality of flat plate-like supports 1 arranged alternately with each other, each flat membrane 7 defining a plurality of pores and configured to separate a predetermined dispersed substance contained in a solution by a pore diffusion technique, each flat plate-like support 1 having a flow conduit 2 on one or both faces thereof. A ratio between a spatial volume of the flow conduit 2 and a membrane area of the flat membrane 7 is set from 0.04 to 0.4 cm. The flat plate-like support 1 includes, in at least two positions in a lateral face thereof, water conduits 3 in communication with the flow conduit 2, so that flow directions of the solution in the flow conduits 2 of upper and lower flat plate-like supports 1 across the flat membrane 7 may be substantially same directions. The flat plate-like support 1 and the flat membrane 7 can be assembled with and disassembled from each other.

Abstract: An improved method of testing the integrity of a porous filter is provided. The test method is an improvement over a gas-liquid diffusion test wherein the improvement comprises providing a conduit downstream of the filter and filling the conduit with a liquid, the conduit having a length to cross sectional area ratio selected to substantially resist diffusive flow of the gas through the liquid downstream of the filter material.