Abstract: The invention provides a tri-axial centrifuge apparatus for testing of petro-physical properties and gathering of geo-mechanical information, as well as methods of using the tri-axial centrifuge apparatus. The tri-axial centrifuge apparatus includes a tri-axial sample holder, a fluid sample holder, a centrifuge, at least one electrical sensor, at least one acoustic sensor, and an x-ray instrument.

Abstract: The invention is generally directed to an apparatus and a method for measuring a refractive index of a soft contact lens under a consistent pressure.

Abstract: A method for correcting low permeability laboratory measurements for leaks. A pulse-decay permeability (PDP) experiment is performed on a core sample retrieved from a formation. The PDP experiment includes flowing fluid through the core sample in a sealed enclosure. In response to flowing the fluid through the core sample, a change in fluid pressure is measured over time. Based on the change in fluid pressure over time, a leakage of fluid from the sealed enclosure is determined. In response to determining the leakage of fluid from the sealed enclosure, an analytical model of the leakage is determined based on the change in fluid pressure over time.

Abstract: Apparatuses and methods suitable for (i) measuring lithological or petro-physical properties of reservoir core sample including shale rock; (ii) evaluating the degree of formation damage caused by foreign fluid into formation; (iii) conducting dynamic experiments, such as water flooding, chemical solution flooding, and supercritical CO2 injection to displacing oil tests; (iv) simulating physical radial flow experiments using reservoir core sample(s) at conditions of temperature up to 150° C. and pressure up to 6000 psi, are provided involving radial flow through the core sample(s) having at least partially hollow centers in an axial direction, up to annular axial cross-sections.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus are disclosed for measuring the permeability and/or porosity of ultra-low permeable rock samples. In some embodiments, the methods utilize fluid pressure perturbation.

Abstract: A monitoring clip to be secured to the edge of a filter cartridge includes a channel connecting both sides of the filter through which air will flow in response to the filter becoming clogged. Air flow within the channel will eventually be strong enough to pivotally move a flow vane. Controlling circuitry is used to detect the angular movement of the flow vane. When the flow vane moves to a “triggering” position, it is determined that the filter is clogged and requires replacement. Controlling circuitry will sound and illuminate a local alarm, and send a signal by Bluetooth or WiFi, to a smartphone. Although a clip format is preferred, the measuring and controlling circuitry of the monitoring clip can be also built into new filters.

Abstract: The present invention provides a supercritical carbon dioxide core fracturing holder under pore pressure saturation, including a holding sleeve; a left end sleeve and a right end sleeve are correspondingly embedded at the two end ports of the holding sleeve, and a fixed plug is docked to the left end sleeve; a moving plug movably passes through the right end sleeve, and a piston ring is formed on the outer side face of the moving plug; a sealing rubber sleeve for holding a test sample is disposed; two axial fluid injection pipelines are correspondingly disposed within the fixed plug and the moving plug; and an axial displacement measuring device is disposed between the outer end of the right end sleeve and the moving plug, and a fluid injection chamber is formed between the inner wall of the holding sleeve and the outer side face of the sealing rubber sleeve.

Abstract: An evaluation method for different types of pore evolution in shale is related, which is applied to the field of unconventional oil and gas research. As the shale depth or maturity increases, different types of pores (including intergranular pores, intragranular pores, organic pores and fractures) developed in shale are constantly changing, which is important for shale oil and gas accumulation. The present invention starts from the high-resolution scanning electron micrography of shale, and respectively extracts the areal porosity of different types of pores based on the division criteria of different types of pores and pore identification in the established shale, and combines the low-temperature N2, CO2 adsorption experiments and the high-pressure mercury intrusion experiments to obtain the total pore volume and establish the evolution chart of different types of pores. The proposed method has an important application value for the exploration of unconventional shale oil and gas resources.

Abstract: The present application provides an apparatus and a method for measuring apparent permeability of a tight rock core, the apparatus comprises: a rock core holder, a first high-pressure injection pump, a second high-pressure injection pump, a micro-differential pressure meter, a micro-flow meter, a first pressure control unit, a second pressure control unit, a first valve, a second valve, a third valve, and a fourth valve; the first pressure control unit comprises: a first pressure-resistant piston container and a second pressure-resistant piston container, both of which are divided into an upper cavity and a lower cavity by a piston, the upper cavities of the first pressure-resistant piston container and the second pressure-resistant piston container are filled with gases and communicate with each other, and the lower cavity of the first pressure-resistant piston container is filled with pump pressure-transmission liquids, and the lower cavity of the second pressure-resistant piston container is filled with ex

Abstract: In various aspects, the infiltrometer apparatus includes a cylinder that defines a cylinder passage coupleable to a base that defines a base passage to form an infiltrometer passage. The infiltrometer apparatus includes a baffle removably emplaced within the infiltrometer passage in gapped relation with a soil surface of a soil, in various aspects. In various aspects, the infiltrometer apparatus includes a level detector to detect a water surface level of a water surface within the infiltrometer passage. The level detector may communicate by network with a computer to communicate data indicative of the water surface level to the computer. The network may be wireless, at least in part. Related methods of use of the infiltrometer apparatus are also disclosed herein.

Abstract: Techniques for analyzing a sample include preparing a sample; circulating a gel solution through the sample to saturate the sample; scanning the saturated sample with a nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) system to determine two or more NMR values of the saturated sample; determining a permeability of the saturated sample based, at least in part, on the two or more NMR values of the saturated sample; aging the saturated sample; scanning the aged sample with the NMR system to determine two or more NMR values of the aged sample; determining a permeability of the aged sample based, at least in part, on the two or more NMR values of the aged sample; comparing the determined permeability of the saturated sample against the determined permeability of the aged sample; and based on the compared permeabilities, determining a gel solution syneresis rate.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a system for simulating depletion/injection processes under true triaxial stress conditions. The system may include a pressure cell coupled with a true triaxial loading mechanism. A cubical rock specimen may be disposed within the pressure cell and vertical and horizontal loading mechanisms of the true triaxial loading mechanism may compress the cubical rock specimen along three principle axes, while pore pressure within the cubical rock specimen may be increased or decreased by injecting or discharging a pressurized fluid within the pressure cell in order to simulate in situ conditions of a real reservoir.

Abstract: The invention belongs to the field of rock mechanics test of engineering rock masses and is intended to address the safety and alignment challenges of a rock mechanics test response system for existing simulated complex deep earth environment. A rock mechanics test response system for a simulated complex deep earth environment includes a bearing system for rock mechanics tests in simulated deep earth environment and an MTS triaxial sensor aligning and mounting device arranged on the bearing system for rock mechanics tests in simulated deep earth environment. The invention improves installation and dismounting efficiency of an MTS triaxial force sensor, enhances reliability of lifting and solves the problem of aligning holes during installation of the force sensor, thus improving the installation efficiency.

Abstract: An fluid monitoring system can include a filter having an upstream face and a downstream face and defining a form factor, a sensor package arranged within the form factor of the filter to detect at least one quality factor of a surrounding medium, a transmitter electronically coupled to the sensor package and including an antenna for autonomous wireless transmission of the detected fluid quality information, and a power subsystem coupled to the sensor package and the transmitter to provide access to continuous electrical power thereto.

Abstract: A permeation cell device includes a body component, a wire mesh support structure positioned in the body component, a membrane over the wire mesh support structure, a pair of compressible gaskets sandwiching the membrane, and a flange compressing the membrane. A spectroscopic device contains the permeation cell device. At least one mechanism simultaneously performs an infrared-reflection absorption spectroscopic analysis of a surface of the membrane as a fluid permeates on the membrane and measures a trans-membrane fluid permeation rate across the membrane. The wire mesh support structure may be configured to provide mechanical support to the non-opaque membrane at a pressure of at least 1 atm. The permeation cell device and the spectroscopic device may collectively create a pair of separate isolated compartments. The body component may include a material that is non-permeable to the fluid.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a filter capsule that supports direct integrity testing of an internal filter element. The filter capsule includes a filter housing having an inlet port, an outlet port, a passage running longitudinally between the inlet port and outlet port and holding a filter element, and an aseptic vent assembly. The filter housing also includes an integrity test assembly that can be used as a direct connection for integrity testing hardware, as opposed to upstream of the filter capsule. In one embodiment, the integrity test assembly comprises a body having a bore formed through its interior and a movable plunger within the bore. The plunger includes a handle to move the plunger between a closed position and an open position. Various seals between the plunger and the bore form a fluid tight seal between various portions of the plunger and the bore.

Abstract: To optimize the efficiency of a perforating tool system, downhole conditions may be simulated to determine the optimal configuration for the perforating tool system. A simulated wellbore is disposed in a pressure vessel and coupled to a target composite core assembly. A perforating tool system is disposed in the simulated wellbore above the target composite core assembly. The target composite core assembly includes an outer shell. The outer shell comprises a material that supports a rubber bladder or flexible jacket that is disposed about the outer shell. The outer shell isolates the overburden fluid and pressure from the inner core during a radial flow test to more accurately simulate conditions downhole. A parameter of a perforating tool system may be altered based, at least in part, on a result from the radial flow test.

Abstract: A method of analysing a subterranean drilled core sample 10 is disclosed.

Abstract: A device for measuring the membrane fouling index which can measure the modified fouling index (MFI) and the silt density index (SDI) at the same time and quantify the degree of membrane fouling caused by various kinds of membrane fouling materials, such as particulate materials, colloids, organic matters, and so on, in a short period of time.

Abstract: An improved complex transient permeability measurement is described. The improvement allows a computer controlled measurement system to automatically adjust the time scale of the transient in order to produce reliable results. The automated method is an improvement on the previous trial and error method, allowing measurements to be more easily optimized and automated.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the field of liquid viscosity measurement using a capillary tube. The invention pertains to novel methods that use surface tension driven flow for the measurement of viscosity of a liquid over a range of shear rates.

Abstract: A calibration device and a method of calibrating a mass spectrometer are described where two or more immiscible mass spectrometry calibration compounds in close proximity to each other share a common headspace volume above their liquid surfaces. This arrangement allows each calibrant to evaporate at differing rates while allowing the headspace concentrations to remain relatively unchanged over time (forming a quasi-equilibrium calibrant mixture). The mixture is either delivered to an ion source of a mass spectrometer or to a vacuum pump via a flow restrictor from a calibration vial. The calibrant gas mixture in the headspace volume may be used to calibrate a mass spectrometer.

Abstract: A conductivity cell for simulating micro-proppant flowing through microstructures includes a core wafer holder defining a fluid inlet and a fluid outlet, with a core wafer chamber connecting the fluid inlet in fluid communication with the fluid outlet. A core wafer is installed within the core wafer chamber of the core wafer holder. A pressure piston is biased against the core wafer within the core wafer chamber. A pre-determined channel gap is defined on the core wafer for passage of the fluid through the cell.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods for analyzing and modeling natural gas flow in subterranean shale reservoirs. In preferred embodiments, methodologies and techniques for determining and modeling natural gas flow in shale formations using methodologies and techniques capable of determining natural gas properties related to dual-continuum flow, permeability and pressure within a subterranean shale reservoir. In some embodiments, the natural gas properties are determined by subjecting a subterranean shale reservoir sample to pulse-decay analysis. In certain embodiments, the methodologies and techniques described herein may be used in various reservoirs exhibiting macroporosity and/or microporosity, such as fractured reservoirs and carbonate reservoirs composed of reservoir fluids.

Abstract: A water vapor concentration in a test gas in a first space of a measurement space in which a sample is disposed is adjusted, and a water vapor concentration m a earlier gas in a second space separated from the first space by the sample is measured by a measurement unit. When the water vapor concentration in the test gas is changed, a shift B in charge of the water vapor concentration in the carrier gas from the change of the water vapor concentration in the test gas is calculated. The calculated shift B in the change of the water vapor concentration in the carrier gas corresponds to ease of moisture accumulation in the sample. Thus, it is possible to analyze not only the amount of moisture permeating the sample but also the ease of moisture accumulation, so that characteristics of the sample can be widely analyzed.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to methods and device for detecting properties of heterogeneous samples, including detecting properties of particles or fluid droplets in industrial processes. A probe may be inserted into a first of multiple heterogeneous fluid samples. A portion of the first sample may be drawn into the probe and past a two-dimensional array detector. The portion of the first sample may be illuminated as it is drawn past the array detector and an image of the portion of the first sample may be acquired. The probe may be inserted into a second of multiple heterogeneous fluid samples. A portion of the second sample may be drawn into the probe and past a two-dimensional array detector. The portion of the second sample may be illuminated as it is drawn past the array detector and an image of the portion of the second sample may be acquired.

Abstract: A method for characterizing properties of a sample that employs a test apparatus including an isolated sample cell and pressure sensor where the isolated sample cell is loaded with the sample and gaseous test fluid to perform a number of different tests to derive properties of the sample. The tests can be performed over different parameters, such as different applied pressures of the test fluid to derive parameters related to apparent gas permeability of the sample as a function of applied pressure, different gaseous test fluids to characterize dependence of permeability of the sample on mean free molecular path or pressure, with both adsorptive and non-adsorptive test gases to characterize at least one property related to adsorptive interaction between the adsorptive test gas and the sample, and with samples of varying saturation levels to derive a measure of at least one property of the subsamples at corresponding saturation levels.

Abstract: A target-analyte permeation testing instrument (10) characterized by a sensor feed line (300nBout and 3005) conditioning system.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for testing gas permeability in concrete are provided. The apparatus is used for testing gas permeability of a concrete test sample, and includes a gas supply apparatus, an instrument body and a gas flow meter. The instrument body includes a frame body. A gas inlet ring, a gas outlet ring and a connection plate are successively arranged on the frame body from inside to outside. An input end of the gas inlet ring is connected with the gas supply apparatus, and an output end is connected with an input end of the gas outlet ring through the concrete test sample. An output end of the gas outlet ring is connected with the gas flow meter. The connection plate is connected with the concrete test sample.

Abstract: Herein disclosed are apparatuses and methods related to coreflood testing apparatuses and methods for determining key physical properties of core specimens. More particularly, disclosed herein are coreflood inlet end-piece designs, coreflood testing systems and coreflood testing methods to enable simultaneous testing to obtain necessary data for determination for determining key physical properties of core specimens, which include the relative permeability and the capillary pressure, as well as, optionally the wettability of the core sample.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for testing a core rock sample for reservoir souring. The apparatus includes first and second pumps, and a piston cell associated with each of the first and second pumps. Each piston cell has a first portion and a second portion divided by a movable piston such that the second portion is fluidly sealed from the first portion. Each piston cell is configured to receive fluid pumped by its respective pump into the first portion thereof. A core holder is sized to receive and maintain a core rock sample at a desired pressure and temperature. The second portions of each of the piston cells are fluidly connected to the core holder.

Abstract: Methods and systems for determining permeability, as a function of pore pressure, and porosity of a subsurface formation. The method includes positioning a sample in a sample assembly comprising of a gas and a pressure gauge, inside a pressure vessel comprising gas or liquid and a pressure gauge, measuring a first gas pressure, pi, of the sample inside the pressure vessel, applying a second gas pressure, po, to the pressure vessel, the second gas pressure being greater than the first gas pressure, measuring a third gas pressure, p, at time, t, at location, x, from the inlet of sample inside the pressure vessel, determining a total gas mass per unit volume of the subsurface formation, m, and determining the permeability, k, of the subsurface formation as a function of pore pressure based at least in part on the first gas pressure, the second pressure, the third gas pressure, and the gas density, with a single test run.

Abstract: Disclosed is an experimental device for studying the sediment yield behavior and the radial deformation of porous media during the exploitation of natural gas hydrates, comprising a high-pressure reactor, a hydrate sample chamber, a simulated wellbore, a deformation measurement unit, an ambient temperature control unit, an outlet control unit, an inlet control unit and a data processing unit. Further disclosed is a method using the above-mentioned experimental device to carry out experiments.

Abstract: A method can include receiving porosimetry data for a range of pressures that spans a transition zone defined at least in part by a high-pressure end of a first pressure zone and a low-pressure end of a second pressure zone; detecting at least one artifact in the transition zone; computing accuracy information for the high-pressure end of the first pressure zone and the low-pressure end of the second pressure zone; computing a pressure-volume adjustment based at least in part on the accuracy information; and outputting a pressure-volume relationship in the transition zone based at least in part on the pressure-volume adjustment.

Abstract: A climate control filter monitoring system includes a control module adapted to periodically set a climate control system to a filter test configuration, test the filter and then indicate when the climate control system filter needs changing or cleaning.

Abstract: A non-intrusive method for determining an indication of wholesomeness of an unopened item of packaged aliment comprising the steps of illuminating an unopened item of packaged aliment with electromagnetic energy at a plurality of different wavelengths through a suitably transparent region of the packaging so as to interact with the packaged aliment; obtaining spectral information regarding the interaction of the plurality of different wavelengths with the packaged aliment as subsequent spectral information; interrogating the packaging to access original spectral information regarding a previous interaction of the plurality of wavelengths with the same unopened item of packaged aliment and associated with the packaging; comparing some or all of the subsequent spectral information with some or all of the original spectral information to obtain a measure of their spectral deviation; and determining an indication of wholesomeness of the unopened item of packaged aliment in dependence of the obtained measure of sp

Abstract: An apparatus and method for measuring molecular diffusivity in porous powders or minerals, e.g., the microporous synthetic minerals used for gas separation and chemical catalysis, were invented that allows a varying pressure in the gas around the powder during the measurement. This obviates the need for the pressure to be constant and the attendant complicated component parts. A mass balance model equation of the sample cell with the diffusivity as an adjustable parameter is used to deduce the sample cell pressure change versus time (uptake curve) until the equilibration of gas diffusion into the powder. A numerical analysis method is used to solve the mathematical model to compute a simulated uptake curve. Curve fitting of the simulated and measured uptake curves is used to optimize the diffusivity parameter, which gives the measured diffusivity. The apparatus and method are simple, easy to use, and automation is also simple.

Abstract: Provided is a gas-phase hydrogen permeation test device capable of safely measuring hydrogen permeation behavior in a material under a high-pressure hydrogen atmosphere. The gas-phase hydrogen permeation test device includes a high-pressure hydrogen feeder, an analyzer, a primary-side pipe, a secondary-side pipe, a secondary-side pressure gauge, a primary-side shut-off valve, a primary-side discharge valve, a secondary-side discharge valve, a passive discharger, a secondary-side shut-off valve, and a controller configured to, when the pressure measured by the secondary-side pressure gauge reaches or exceeds a specific value, place the primary-side shut-off valve and the secondary-side shut-off valve into a closed state and the primary-side discharge valve and the secondary-side discharge valve into an open state.

Abstract: Method for estimating a gas flow in an enclosure maintained in a low pressure regimen relative to the gas, including: measuring, as a function of time, a gas flow Jmeasurement in the enclosure, and estimating values of the parameters A and B iteratively implemented by decreasing an estimation error based on a difference between Jestim(t) and Jmeasurement, and wherein, when Jmeasurement corresponds to a pressure rise of the gas in the enclosure, Jestim(t) is calculated according to the equation: J estim ? ( t ) = 2 ? A ? ? n = 1 n ? ? ma ? ? x ? ( B ? ? ( t - OffX ) ) 1 2 ? exp ? ( - 2 ? ( n + 1 ) 2 4 ? B ? ( t - OffX ) ) + OffY and when Jmeasurement corresponds to a pressure decrease of the gas in the enclosure, Jestim(t) is calculated according to the equation: J estm ? ( t ) = P init - 2 ? A ? ? n = 1 n ? ? ma ? ? x ? ( B ? ? ( t - OffX ) ) 1 2 ? exp ? ( - ( 2 ? n + 1 ) 2

Abstract: Methods and apparatus are disclosed for measuring the permeability and/or porosity of ultra-low permeable rock samples. In some embodiments, the methods utilize fluid pressure perturbation.

Abstract: A calculation unit (40) obtains the volume magnetic susceptibility of a first particle. Also, the calculation unit (40) obtains the volume magnetic susceptibility of a second particle different from the first particle. Thereafter, the calculation unit (40) obtains a volume occupied by a surface material included in the second particle on the basis of a relationship between the volume magnetic susceptibility of the first particle, the volume of the first particle, the volume magnetic susceptibility of the second particle, the volume of the second particle, the volume occupied by the surface material, and the volume magnetic susceptibility of the surface material.

Abstract: An intake air filter device includes a filter member in an intake air path of a gas turbine. The intake air filter device includes: a frame body that supports the filter member which is configured to be inserted thereinto from an upstream side in a direction in which a fluid is to flow through the intake air path; and a closure plate engaging part mounted on a downstream side of the frame body and serving to engage a closure plate that covers a downstream side of the filter member.

Abstract: An apparatus for measuring volumes of two or more immiscible fluids, a lighter fluid and a heavier fluid, in a core sample includes a fluid separator and two volume pressure actuators. The lighter fluid accumulates in an upper portion of the fluid separator and the heavier fluid accumulates in a lower portion of the fluid separator, with a meniscus forming between the lighter fluid and the heavier fluid. The first and second volume pressure actuators have fluid volume encoders that determine a net volumetric flow of the fluids to and from the fluid separator. The first and second volume pressure actuators also collectively maintain constant back pressure on the fluid separator and maintain the meniscus between the two immiscible fluids in the fluid separator at a constant position.

Abstract: A method for measuring permeability of a formation using a probe permeameter includes confining a sample of the formation in a container. The sample is covered with a screen having at least one perforation therein. The probe permeameter is applied to the at least one perforation in the screen. Permeability of the formation is measured at the at least one perforation.

Abstract: A disclosed effective porosity determination method for tight gas formations includes: obtaining a core sample sealed in a pressure-maintaining core vault during transport out of the borehole; coupling the core vault to a collection chamber; based at least in part on measured pressure, temperature, and fluid volumes in the collection chamber, deriving the number of moles of gas retrieved with the core sample; and combining the number of moles with a downhole pressure, a downhole temperature, and a downhole core sample volume to determine an effective porosity of the tight gas formation. A system embodiment includes: a coring tool having a core vault with a seal to provide pressure-preserved transport of a core sample from a tight gas formation; a collection chamber that attaches to the core vault to measure volumes of fluids and gas; and a processing unit that responsively determines an effective porosity of the tight gas formation.

Abstract: Turbidity measurement systems and methods of using the same are described. A turbidity measurement system comprises a vessel configured to hold a wellbore fluid, wherein a porous media is positioned in the vessel; a light source positioned to direct light at the vessel; a light detector positioned to measure light intensity of light emitted by the light source and passing through the vessel; a backscatter detector configured to measure the light intensity of reflected light emitted from the light source; and a computer system communicatively coupled to at least one of the light source, light detector, or light detector.

Abstract: A method for imaging three-dimensional topography with high precision, which overcomes the disadvantage and deficiency of low precision in observing three-dimensional topography of hydraulically fractured cracks of rocks, improve the precision in observing three-dimensional topography of cracks in rock hydraulic fracturing test, and benefit for scientifically understanding regular pattern of development of hydraulically fractured cracks of rocks.

Abstract: An apparatus and a system is provided that may be utilized to determine oil migration and oil displacement from a pre-oiled air filter. The present invention may also be utilized to determine if oil is displaced from the air filter onto a portion of the apparatus for visualization to a user. The present invention utilizes a demonstration apparatus having a system for forcing air through the oil subjected air filter thereby attempting to force displacement of the oil from the air filter. The apparatus utilizes a blowing means whereby the oil infused air filter is subject to higher than normal air flow and whereby the apparatus has a deflection portion whereby if oil is displaced from the air filter, it is deflected onto the deflection portion where it would be physically viewable to an observer present in the vicinity of the apparatus.

Abstract: A gas compression optimization system and a method for optimizing gas injection rate in support of a gas lift operation. The optimization system is designed to control a rate of gas injection in connection with a gas lift system in a wellbore. The system includes a string of production tubing, and an annular region around the production tubing. The system also comprises a production line at the surface. The system further includes a pressure transducer that is configured to determine a differential pressure across an orifice plate placed along the production line. The system additionally includes a gas injection line. The gas injection line is at the surface, and is configured to inject a compressible fluid into the annular region. The system additionally includes a controller which is configured to control the injection of the compressible fluid into the annular region in response to differential pressure signals.

Abstract: A method for determining at least one pore-related parameter of a porous material is provided. The method includes supplying a volatile liquid into a chamber, placing a porous material within the chamber, spaced apart from and over the volatile liquid, determining an effective mass of the chamber over a period of time, and determining at least one pore-related parameter of the porous material based on the effective mass determined. An arrangement for determining at least one pore-related parameter of a porous material is also provided.