Abstract: A digital display module for a torsion wrench includes a housing sleeved on a shank of the torsion wrench. A microprocessor is disposed in the housing and includes a normal display model and an inverted display model therein, wherein the normal display model is provided for right-handed operator and the inverted display model is provided for left-handed operator. Multiple function keys are arranged on the periphery of the housing for selecting display models and inputting data. A display screen is mounted on the periphery of the housing and electrically connected to the microprocessor. The display screen is divided into a first display zone for showing numeral and a second display zone for showing scale ratio. A sensor is mounted on a torsion unit of the torsion wrench and electrically connected to the microprocessor for sensing the operating torsion and transmitting torsion data to the microprocessor.

Abstract: A tightening torque measuring unit capable of reducing errors with respect to either a clockwise or counterclockwise direction as soon as possible is provided. A tightening torque measuring unit 10, installed in a tightening device, includes a torque sensor 12 that detects a tightening torque and an amplifier that amplifies an output from the torque sensor 12. The amplifier 40 or 42 applies a different gain to the output from the torque sensor depending on whether the tightening direction of the tightening apparatus is clockwise or counterclockwise.

Abstract: The invention relates to a discontinuous clamping wrench, of the type comprising a motor and a pulse clutch integrated in a casing, characterised in that it comprises measurement means of dynamic phenomena induced by said clamping on said casing, with a view to correlating said measurement with a clamping level.

Abstract: A screw fastener includes a first screwdriver including a first bit configured to fasten a first screw by engaging with a recess of the first screw, and a first motor configured to rotate the first bit, a second screwdriver including a second bit configured to fasten a first screw by engaging with a recess of the second screw, and a second motor configured to rotate the second bit, an elevator unit configured to simultaneously ascend and descend both the first screwdriver and the second screwdriver, and a controller configured to control the first motor and the second motor so that seating of the first screw can start after torquing-up of the second screw starts.

Abstract: A number of pre-production calibration tightenings are performed at a screw joint identical to a screw joint used in production and using the same impulse wrench as to be used in production tightening. The value of one or more tightening related parameters are registered at the attainment of the desired pre-tension level, and those parameter values are used to statistically form a basis for a reference set-up. The tightening parameter values registered during production tightening are compared to the reference set-up, and an indication is obtained as to discrepancies between the reference set-up and the actually registered parameter values to get an indication as to whether the impulse wrench is malfunctioning and/or the screw joint is faulty.

Abstract: A discontinuous drive power tool assembly for generating rotational torque includes a spindle having a first end portion and a second end portion. The first end portion of the spindle is configured to engage and rotate an object. The tool assembly also includes a pulse hammer selectively engagable with the second end portion of the spindle, and a motor that includes a motor shaft engagable with the pulse hammer. The motor is configured to rotate the pulse hammer. The tool assembly also includes a rotational position sensor disposed adjacent the motor. The rotational position sensor is configured to measure the rotational position of a second portion of the motor shaft which is opposite the first end portion of the motor shaft during operation of the tool assembly.

Abstract: An ergonomic, self contained hand-held thread inspection tool is power driven, which uses a mechanical clutch as a surrogate for torque to initiate automatic reversal and gauge withdrawal in case of jamming. The distal end carries the thread gauge attached to a motor-driven spindle. A thread depth collar sleeve, adjustable by manual turning, concentrically surrounds the thread gauge. When threaded into a blind hole or onto a protruding stud and operated, the distal end of the thread depth collar sleeve comes in contact with a part, pushing it against spring force. This movement is internally sensed, causing an indicator to flash, signaling “test OK”, while automatically reversing the spindle to withdraw the thread gauge. If during the forward excursion of the thread gauge a torque exceeding the pre-set torque limit is encountered, a buzzer is sounded signaling an over-torque problem and the spindle is simultaneously reversed for automatic gauge withdrawal.

Abstract: A torque tool for measuring and/or cut-off tightening of a torque on a workpiece. The torque tool is provided within a housing with a handle. The torque to be measured is transmitted with a rod. A measuring element electronically detects the actual torque. A measure- and control electronics for processing the torque detected in such a way. The electronic measure and control electronics controls a cut-off switch for cutting-off the torque tool.

Abstract: An apparatus for providing a load on a bearing mounted to a shaft includes an attaching member and a press mechanism. The attaching member is releasably connected to the shaft. The press member is coupled to the attaching member and is configured to provide a compressive load to the bearing. The press mechanism includes an aligning arm configured to engage a shaft slot of the shaft to align the press mechanism relative to the shaft when the attaching member connects to the shaft. A lock nut is engageable with the shaft and has a plurality of engaging teeth configured to engage a plurality of keeper teeth of a keeper. The nut includes an outer surface having a plurality of markings corresponding to a plurality of roots of the plurality of engaging teeth to allow a user to selectively rotate the nut relative to the aligning arm to an engaging position such that a radially inner side of the keeper engages a slot of the shaft when the keeper teeth engage the engaging teeth of the nut.

Abstract: An electronic torque wrench includes a wrench member mounted to a wrench handle for receiving one or more strain gages, and a digital display pivotally attached to the wrench handle for allowing the digital display to be pivoted relative to the wrench handle to different angular position and for allowing the digital display to be easily seen by the user and for allowing the bending strain or the torque or the information detected or measured by the strain gages to be easily seen from the displayer. The displayer is pivotable relative to the wrench handle to various or different angular position to allow the displayer to be easily seen by the user.

Abstract: An electronic torque wrench includes a wrench member mounted to a wrench handle for receiving one or more strain gages, and a digital display pivotally attached to the wrench handle for allowing the digital display to be pivoted relative to the wrench handle to different angular position and for allowing the digital display to be easily seen by the user and for allowing the bending strain or the torque or the information detected or measured by the strain gages to be easily seen from the displayer. The displayer is pivotable relative to the wrench handle to various or different angular position to allow the displayer to be easily seen by the user.

Abstract: A bolt is fastened up to a predetermined snug torque Ts and then the bolt is further fastened by a specified angle ?t from a bolt angle corresponding to the snug torque Ts. Herein, in order to obtain excess and deficiency of the fastening angle up to the snug torque Ts, an angle-variation difference between the fastening angle ?sb of the bolt at the point where the fastening torque of the bolt has reached the snug torque Ts and a standard angle ?sa of the snug torque Ts is calculated. And, addition of this angle-variation difference to a base angle is set as the new specified angle ?t to correct the excess and deficiency. Accordingly, variation in a fastening shaft force can be restrained even if the snug torque is set at a relatively high torque in the bolt fastening method using the torque+angle method.

Abstract: A wrench is disclosed. The wrench includes a body, a storing device, a torque sensing device, an angle sensing device and a processing device. The storing device stores a predetermined torque value and a predetermined angle value. The torque sensing device senses a torque provided by the body. The angle sensing device senses the rotation of the body after the torque reaches the predetermined torque value. The processing device generates an alarm signal while the rotation of the body reaches the predetermined angle value.

Abstract: A power wrench (10) for turning a screw is supplied by a hydraulic unit (25) that contains a positive displacement pump (26) and supplies a defined rate of flow. The pressure in a hydraulic pressure line (28) is measured by a pressure sensor (32) and provided to a control unit (31). The volume flow of the hydraulic unit (25) is determined in amount per unit of time. The piston stroke per unit of time can be determined due to the fact that the filling volume of the hydraulic cylinder is known. The piston acts upon a lever system that turns the moving part. The turning angle per unit of time can be determined due to the fact that the lever length is known. This makes it possible to dispense with an angle measuring device and to determine the turning angle merely by measuring pressure.

Abstract: A tightening tool for tightening a fastener is disclosed which comprises a motor and a main shaft that engages with the fastener. A clutch is disposed between the motor and the main shaft so that the clutch rotates the main shaft by transmitting torque from the motor to the main shaft when a load acting on the main shaft is less than a predetermined value. The clutch shuts off torque transmission from the motor to the main shaft when the load acting on the main shaft reaches or exceeds the predetermined value. When in use, the current flowing to the motor and rotation angle of the main shaft of the motor are detected. The detected current and rotation angle are used to determine whether the tightening torque of the fastener is normal.

Abstract: A method for quality assurance of screw joint tightening results when tightening a screw joint to a needed pretension condition (FN) by means of a torque delivering power tool, wherein one or more simulation procedures of a screw joint tightening process via a specific algorithm aiming at the needed pretension condition (FN) by using programmed data relating to the screw joint geometry, expected frictional conditions, power tool characteristics, a tightening strategy and suitable tightening parameter values, thereby arriving at a simulated pretension condition (FS) which is compared to the resultant pretension condition (FP) of a practically performed tightening process performed via the same specific algorithm, and evaluating the outcome of the comparison for quality acceptance or refusal.

Abstract: A wrench with electronic torque display unit includes a torque adjustment mechanism which includes a sleeve, two gears, a rod and a movable tube, and a locking mechanism which includes a positioning cap, wherein the value of the torque to be output can be set by operating the adjustment mechanism by rotating the positioning cap. The pre-set value is displayed on the display screen so as to provide a wrench with convenient operation and precise feature.

Abstract: A tightening torque measuring unit capable of reducing errors with respect to either a clockwise or counterclockwise direction as soon as possible is provided. A tightening torque measuring unit 10, installed in a tightening device, includes a torque sensor 12 that detects a tightening torque and an amplifier that amplifies an output from the torque sensor 12. The amplifier 40 or 42 applies a different gain to the output from the torque sensor depending on whether the tightening direction of the tightening apparatus is clockwise or counterclockwise.

Abstract: A torque measuring apparatus having a pressure sensor attached to a journal of a U-joint that interconnects members of a drive shaft to sense pressure during rotational operation of the drive shaft and an analyzer that receives a signal representative of the pressure, an rpm signal representative of the engine speed, and a signal representative of the speed of the vehicle, to determine a torque value that is displayed on a display device. A method of determining motor vehicle torque is disclosed.

Abstract: A discontinuous drive power tool assembly for generating rotational torque includes a spindle having a first end portion and a second end portion. The first end portion of the spindle is configured to engage and rotate an object. The tool assembly also includes a pulse hammer selectively engagable with the second end portion of the spindle, and a motor that includes a motor shaft engagable with the pulse hammer. The motor is configured to rotate the pulse hammer. The tool assembly also includes a rotational position sensor disposed adjacent the motor. The rotational position sensor is configured to measure the rotational position of a second portion of the motor shaft which is opposite the first end portion of the motor shaft during operation of the tool assembly.

Abstract: An electronic torque wrench for engaging a workpiece, the electronic torque wrench including a wrench body and a wrench head disposed on the wrench body, the wrench head being configured to engage the workpiece. A grip handle is disposed on the wrench body opposite the wrench head and a user interface is carried by the wrench body. The user interface includes a digital display with a first readout and a second readout, and an input device for inputting a preset torque value. The first readout displays a peak torque value continuously during operations and the second readout displays an applied torque value continuously during operations.

Abstract: A fastening tool with a clutch for shutting off transmission of torque, capable of self-diagnosing fastening torque of a screw or the like at low cost without using expensive elements such as a torque sensor, etc. A fastening tool (10) has a motor (13), a main shaft (20) engaging with a screw or the like, and a clutch (14) interposed between the motor (13) and the main shaft (20). The clutch (14) transmits torque from the motor (13) to the main shaft (20) when a load acting on the main shaft (20) is less than a predetermined value, and shuts off torque transmission from the motor (13) to the main shaft (20) when a load acting on the main shaft (20) is equal to or greater than the predetermined value. The fastening tool (10) further has a control unit (60) for controlling the motor (13).

Abstract: A torque limiting and ratcheting driver having a housing and a torque limiting assembly located within the housing. The torque limiting assembly includes a cam member, a plunger, and a roller supported by the plunger that interacts with the cam member. The ratcheting assembly is located interiorly of the cam member.

Abstract: A system for detecting fastener movement and measuring a residual torque in a fastener joint, including a device for applying torque to a stationary fastener in a tightened state and measuring torque and angle of rotation. The device includes a sensing system that has a gyroscope that provides a signal corresponding to the angle of rotation of the device as it applies torque to the fastener, and a torque transducer that provides a signal corresponding to the torque applied to the fastener by the device. The device also includes a computing unit in communication with the sensing system and adapted to receive the signal corresponding to an angle of rotation of the device and the signal corresponding to the torque applied to the fastener, and determine a torque at a moment of initial movement of the fastener.

Abstract: In a method and apparatus for testing a head-gimbal assembly (HGA), a HGA is placed in contact with force transducers mounted on a rotational stage. The force transducers are adjusted to position the transducers around a rotational center of the rotational stage. The rotational stage is rotated, and the torque and variations in torque exerted by the HGA on the force transducers during rotation are measured.

Abstract: A method of driving screws into a workpiece using an automatic screw driving tool having first and second components, the first component including a screw bit. The method may include steps of measuring a relative displacement between the first and second components; driving, in a first phase, a first screw partially into the workpiece at a first speed until a target relative displacement value is reached; after the first phase, driving, in a second phase, the first screw further into the workpiece at a second speed that is different than the first speed; completing the driving process for the first screw; measuring a final relative displacement of the first and second components after the first phase to determine a final relative displacement value, and updating the target relative displacement value based on the final relative displacement value.

Abstract: A torque setting lug nut wrench is provided. The torque setting lug nut wrench has a socket dimensioned to fit onto a lug nut of a motor vehicle wheel, a first section extending collinearly from the socket and a second section projecting from the first section. The second section, when grasped by a user, can apply a rotational force on a lug nut within the socket. A torque detection mechanism having a preset torque limit is included and provides a signal to the user applying the rotational force to the lug nut. In an embodiment of the present invention the torque detection mechanism has a single torque setting. In another embodiment, the torque detection mechanism has two torque settings.

Abstract: A signaling torque driver that includes a casing assembly with a grip portion, a click arm with a fastener-engaging portion that projects from said casing assembly at one end and operably coupled to a torque-limiting means housed within said casing assembly at the other, torque-adjusting means within said casing assembly and coupled to said torque-limiting means for adjusting the torque-limiting means to a desired torque value, audible signaling means operably coupled with said torque-limiting means and/or visual signaling means operably coupled with said torque-limiting means such that an audible and visual indicator is activated to signal that the desired torque has been reached.

Abstract: The apparatus of the present invention comprises a tool having a threaded member which is characterized by a cylindrical shaft or spindle with a surrounding body or handle. The shaft and body are operably engaged by means of a series of magnets in the spindle and the body, and the operable engagement releases once the torque force on the threaded member exceeds the magnetic force between the body and the spindle. In the method of the present invention, the user can calibrate and adjust the torque limit of the assembly by attaching a calibration bar of predetermined length to the threaded member and then rotating the tool over a scale such that the calibration bar contacts the surface of the scale. The user can then adjust a set screw which alters the length of the shaft and alters the magnetic force between the body and the spindle and correspondingly alters the torque limit of the tool to a desired level.

Abstract: An apparatus is provided for accurately measuring the capping head torque exerted by bottle capping machines on screw-type plastic or metal caps when such caps are applied to bottles.

Abstract: A twisting spanner with an auto positioning assembly comprises a push post; a hollow cylinder; and a periphery of the supporting seat having a cover; and a spring; one end of the spring having a supporting seat; and at least one end of the supporting seat having a positioning body. The positioning body is integrally formed with the supporting seat. The positioning body is a ball. The supporting seat has a positioning hole facing to the positioning groove. The cover is made of soft material. The cover is made of copper. The supporting seat has a limiting post capable of being inserted in to the spring. The supporting seat has a receiving hole receiving with at least one roller.

Abstract: An electrical torque-indicating wrench of the present invention, capable of providing accurate measurements, comprising: a wrench body having a head to engage and turn a workpiece, and a stem having two supporting portions protruding from its side surface or the cavity surface of the stem; a handle coupled with the stem and operable to turn the head about the rotational axis; strain bodies including strain gages, said strain bodies disposed on said support means are adapted to provide measured values of the torque; and a torque indicating device which is connected to said strain bodies transfers the measured values into a visual presentation for viewing.

Abstract: An electronic torque wrench includes a wrench body and a torsion meter. The wrench body includes a head portion, and a neck portion connected to the head portion. The torsion meter includes a strain sensor provided on the neck portion, and a processing unit connected electrically to the strain sensor and disposed in the wrench body. A conductive shield surrounds at least the strain sensor, and is connected electrically to the torsion meter for providing protection against electromagnetic interference.

Abstract: A power wrench (10) for turning a screw is supplied by a hydraulic unit (25) that contains a positive displacement pump (26) and supplies a defined rate of flow. The pressure in a hydraulic pressure line (28) is measured by a pressure sensor (32) and provided to a control unit (31). The volume flow of the hydraulic unit (25) is determined in amount per unit of time. The piston stroke per unit of time can be determined due to the fact that the filling volume of the hydraulic cylinder is known. The piston acts upon a lever system that turns the moving part. The turning angle per unit of time can be determined due to the fact that the lever length is known. This makes it possible to dispense with an angle measuring device and to determine the turning angle merely by measuring pressure.

Abstract: A torque wrench for engaging a workpiece includes a wrench body having a first end and a second end. A wrench head is disposed on the first end of the wrench body and is configured to engage the workpiece. A display device is carried by the wrench body and includes a housing, a display, and an input device for inputting a preset torque value. A torque sensor is carried by the wrench head and is electrically connected to the display device. A detent extends outwardly from one of the wrench body, the wrench head, and the user interface and a plurality of recesses is formed in another of the wrench body, the wrench head, and the user interface, each of the recesses being configured to releasably receive the detent. The display device is rotatable relative to the wrench head so that the detent is received by one of the recesses for retaining the display device in a desired angular position with regard to the wrench head.

Abstract: A tightening method yielding a precise control of the resulting clamping force, in which the tightening operation is performed in two steps, and the stress level is always kept within the limits of the elastic portion of the stress×strain curve. The method employs a single or multi-spindle power wrench controlled by a computer, provided with measuring means for the precise sensing of applied torque and turn angle in real time. The method comprises in a preferred embodiment a first and a second tightening operations, the data collected during the first operation being inputted to the computer which calculates the amount of torque to be applied to the fastener in the second and final tightening operation according to an algorithm which also comprises checking steps to ascertain that the results fall within the preset values, tolerances and scatter limits.

Abstract: A torque measurement apparatus includes a torque sensor that detects an output torque of a measuring object, a rotation mechanism that holds the torque sensor and rotates the torque sensor, and a controller that controls the rotation mechanism so as to change a rotational angle of the torque sensor. The torque measurement apparatus can automatically and accurately measure the output torque at every rotational angle of the measuring object.

Abstract: A tension spanner comprises a holding portion having an axial receiving hole at one end thereof; an outer periphery of the holding portion being formed with a plurality of textures for being held steadily; an upper periphery of the holding portion having a plurality of numbers for indicating the position in alignment; and a handle having an inner rod and an outer tube; one end of the inner rod being installed with an axial rolling ball; the outer tube having a receiving space; the inner rod in the outer tube can swing slightly in the receiving space of the outer tube; an outer side of the outer tube being formed with a scale; and an inner sleeve, an outer sleeve, an elastic body and a supporting post are received in the receiving space of the outer tube.

Abstract: A screwdriver is disclosed comprising a base, a carriage moveably coupled to the base, an actuator operable to move the carriage relative to the base, and a slider comprising an attached screw bit, wherein the slider is coupled to the base through the carriage and the slider is moveably coupled to the carriage such that the slider and attached screw bit move together relative to the carriage. The screwdriver further comprises a position detector operable to detect a position of the slider relative to the carriage. In one embodiment, the carriage is moved relative to the base to move the screw towards the work surface. After the screw contacts the work surface, the carriage is moved further relative to the base causing the slider to move relative to the carriage, and the movement of the slider relative to the carriage is detected using the position detector.

Abstract: A torque setting lug nut wrench is provided. The torque setting lug nut wrench has a socket dimensioned to fit onto a lug nut of a motor vehicle wheel, a first section extending collinearly from the socket and a second section projecting from the first section. The second section, when grasped by a user, can apply a rotational force on a lug nut within the socket. A torque detection mechanism having a preset torque limit is included and provides a signal to the user applying the rotational force to the lug nut. In an embodiment of the present invention the torque detection mechanism has a single torque setting. In another embodiment, the torque detection mechanism has two torque settings.

Abstract: A spanner with a strain alarm function comprises a spanner body having at least one driving head at one end thereof; a strain gauge installed at the spanner body; a display installed in the spanner body electrically connected to the strain gauge; an alarm unit installed in the display; when a spanner body drives an object to be tightened and a twisting force applied to the object has achieved to a predetermined value, the alarm will emit alert signal to users so as to inform the user that the object to be tightened has achieved to a predetermined position. The alarm unit is one of a light emitting body and a buzzer. The predetermined value is a summation of a desired value for tightening the object and an added value under the consideration of a retuning level of the object as the spanner is released from the object.

Abstract: An electronic torque wrench includes a head portion, a handle portion connected to the head portion and having a receiving space, a strain sensor unit disposed in the head portion, and an indicator unit disposed in the receiving space and having a moving unit. The handle portion further has a tubular wall with a through hole communicated with the receiving space. The moving unit has a touching member aligned with the through hole and movable between first and second positions, where the touching member protrudes outwardly of and retracts into the through hole, respectively. A controlling unit is connected electrically to the strain sensor unit and the moving unit, and actuates the touching member when the strain sensor unit detects a torque that is larger than a reference torque level.

Abstract: An electronic torque wrench includes a wrench body and a torsion meter. The wrench body includes a head portion, and a neck portion connected to the head portion. The torsion meter includes a strain sensor provided on the neck portion, and a processing unit connected electrically to the strain sensor and disposed in the wrench body. A conductive shield surrounds at least the strain sensor, and is connected electrically to the torsion meter for providing protection against electromagnetic interference.

Abstract: An insertable strain gauge spanner which comprises a spanner body having a rod body and a driving head insertable into the rod body; the rod body having a handle and an inserting opening at one end thereof; the inserting opening can be received the driving head; the rod body being installed with a strain gauge; a lower end of the rod body being formed as an inserting opening; the inserting opening being in contact with the strain gauge; thereby the twisting force from the driving head can be transferred to a sensing end of the strain gauge; the twisting force being displayed in a window of the strain gauge; and the driving head having an inserting end with a shape corresponding to that of the inserting opening; and the orientation of the driving head with respect to the rod body is adjustable.

Abstract: An electronic torsional tool includes a main body, and a strain gauge mounted in the main body. The main body is provided with an opening to enhance flexibility of the main body and to increase deformation of the strain gauge. The opening is extended through the handle portion and the drive portion of the main body, thereby enhancing deformation of the main body, and thereby increasing deformation (or distortion) of the strain gauge, so as to detect and obtain the torsion values exactly.

Abstract: A method for determining the angular displacement of the output shaft (?o) of an impulse nut runner at tightening a screw joint to a predetermined final torque level (Tf) by means of an impulse nut runner having a motor driven impulse unit (23) with an inertia drive member (27), an output shaft (24) to be coupled to the screw joint to be tightened and an angle sensing device (35, 38) associated with the drive member (27) and arranged to deliver signals in response to the rotational movement of the drive member (27), wherein the total angular displacement of the output shaft (24) in relation to a threshold torque level (Tt) is calculated as a difference between the total angular displacement (?Dtot) of the drive member (27) as a result of a total number of delivered impulses (Ntot ) and the angle of the total number of full revolutions minus one full revolution [ (Ntot?1) . 360).

Abstract: A hand tool includes a handle and a function head is connected to an end of the handle. A first recess and a second recess are respectively defined in two opposite sides of the handle, and a strain transducer is engaged with the first recess. A display member and a processing unit are connected to the handle, and the strain transducer is electrically connected with the processing unit. A hole is defined through the handle and located between the first and second recesses.

Abstract: A wireless-enabled tightening system for fasteners is disclosed. The system includes a visual designator configured to project an indicator onto a workpiece. The system also includes a torque wrench comprising a wireless transmitter and a means for identifying whether the correct torque has been applied to a fastener on the workpiece and configured to provide a feedback for a user. The system also includes a camera configured to capture an image of the workpiece when an appropriate amount of torque has been applied to the fastener. The system further includes a microprocessor for determining sequence of the fastener and identifying the tightened fastener.

Abstract: An electronic torque wrench for engaging a workpiece includes a wrench body having a first end and a second end. A wrench head is disposed on the first end of the wrench body and is configured to engage the workpiece. A grip handle is disposed on the second end of the wrench head. A user interface is carried by the wrench body and includes a housing, a digital display, and an input device for inputting a preset torque value. A torque sensing element is carried by the wrench head and is electrically connected to the display device. A detent extends outwardly from one of the wrench body, the wrench head, and the user interface and a plurality of recesses is formed in another of the wrench body, the wrench head, and the user interface, each of the recesses being configured to releasably receive the detent. The display device is rotatable relative to the wrench head so that the detent is received by one of the recesses for retaining the display device in a desired angular position with regard to the wrench head.

Abstract: An apparatus is provided for accurately measuring the capping head torque exerted by bottle capping machines on screw-type plastic or metal caps when such caps are applied to bottles.