Abstract: The present invention relates to a power transmission apparatus capable of measuring torque and a power generation apparatus using the same, and more particularly, to a power transmission apparatus capable of measuring torque and a power generation apparatus using the same which includes a disk-shaped outer body that receives power from the outside, an inner body that is coupled to the inside of the outer body, and at least one load cell formed between the outer body and the inner body.

Abstract: A bicycle component comprising a stress/strain sensor aligned according to a stress/strain to be detected, and a temperature sensor associated with said stress/strain sensor, wherein said stress/strain sensor and said temperature sensor lie in planes that do not coincide with one another and are not parallel to each another.

Abstract: Dynamic change information is detected on a vehicle, that is transporting a load receiving structure. The dynamic operational information is monitored to identify a period of dynamic change in the operation of the vehicle. The period of dynamic change is used to define a sampling window. The dynamic operational information, during the sampling window, is provided to fill level classifier logic that identifies a fill level corresponding to the dynamic operational information. A fill level metric, indicative of the identified fill level, is generated, and an action signal is generated based upon the fill level metric.

Abstract: A performance evaluation apparatus and performance evaluation method capable of efficiently evaluating the performance of a wearable motion assistance device is provided, which assists motions of a wearer's lower back part. In a state where the wearable motion assistance device is secured and mounted on both femur links and a trunk link, torque acting on an axis line of a pitch direction relative to the trunk link for each hip joint is detected while controlling driving forces by first and second driving sources so that a posture of the trunk link and rotation angles of each hip joint and each knee joint virtually match motions of the lower back part of the wearer; and performance of an assist force by the wearable motion assistance device is evaluated based on a detection result of the torque according to drive control of the first and second driving sources.

Abstract: A shaft torque control device executes highly responsive shaft-torque control even when spring rigidity of a connection shaft connecting an engine and dynamometer varies, and has a feedback control system including a nominal plant imitating input-output characteristics of a test system, generalized plant having nominal plant; controller providing an input with use of outputs and variation term causing variation in the nominal plant on the basis of a variation transfer function. In the controller, setting is made to satisfy a design condition. Nominal plant is structured with a two-inertia system configured by connecting two inertia bodies via a shaft having spring rigidity equal to a predetermined nominal value set to be a lower limit value in an assumed variation range of spring rigidity of the connection shaft. The variation transfer function is a positive real function. Spring rigidity in the nominal plant Na increases from the nominal value.

Abstract: A bearing test apparatus for testing a test bearing, including a chamber, a bearing cap disposed in the chamber and coupled to an outer wheel of the test bearing, a driving shaft connected to an inner wheel of the test bearing to rotate the inner wheel, an extension arm extending in a radial direction of the bearing cap from the bearing cap to expose one end thereof out of the chamber, and a measurement arm configured to make a contact with one end of the extension arm and configured to be rotatable by the extension arm. When a rotation force is applied to the bearing cap by the outer wheel, the extension arm is used to measure a force applied to the measurement arm, which is used to obtain an exclusive torque of the test bearing.

Abstract: The invention relates to an elliptical trainer including: a frame having a first end and a second end; a rocker-rod mechanism hingedly connected to the first end of the frame; a pedal mechanism hingedly connected to the second end of the frame through a transmission mechanism; an adjustment mechanism including an adjustment table, one end of the adjustment table being rotatably connected to the frame, the pedal mechanism being slidably connected to the adjustment table, the adjustment mechanism adjusting the position of the pedal mechanism relative to the frame; and a link the two ends of which are connected to the rocker-rod mechanism and the pedal mechanism respectively so that the rocker-rod mechanism is linked with the pedal mechanism.

Abstract: A system may include a first sensor and a second sensor. The first sensor may include a driving pole that includes a driving coil that receives a driving current and emits a magnetic flux portion through a structure. The first sensor may also include a sensing pole that may include a sensing coil that receives the magnetic flux portion and generate a first signal based at least in part on the received magnetic flux portion. The first signal is based at least in part on a force on the structure. The second sensor may be disposed on the driving pole and may generate a second signal representative of a distance between the driving pole and the structure. The system may also include a circuit that may adjust the first signal based on the second signal.

Abstract: A control unit includes a position command generation unit generating a position command, a position control unit outputting a first speed command such that detected position tracks the position command, a pressure command generation unit generating a pressure command, a pressure control unit outputting a second speed command such that detected pressure or force tracks the pressure command, a speed command selection unit selecting creep speed, the first speed command, or the second speed command and outputs it as a speed command for the motor to operate; and a speed control unit outputting a current command for supplying current to the motor such that the motor speed tracks the speed command output by the speed command selection unit. After selecting the first speed command, the speed command selection unit selects the second speed command or the creep speed at timing when the first speed command falls below the creep speed.

Abstract: A method and system of determining motion parameters for a rotating machine. A detector is configured to receive a rotary motion input signal and a counter signal and to send a plurality of time values based on the input signal and the counter signal. A memory stores the plurality of time values in an ordered sequence and is coupled to the detector. A logic component selects time values stored in the memory by skipping a predefined number of time values in the ordered sequence, reads the selected time values to determine a coherent set of data values, and sends the coherent set of data values.

Abstract: A drive torque estimation device secures accuracy of a drive torque of a compressor by accurately grasping a flow rate of refrigerant in a cycle. The pressure difference is detected by a condenser as a resistor for calculating the flow rate. The pressure difference between two portions based on physical quantities relating to refrigerant pressures is detected using first and second sensors arranged at two portions in the cycle. A flow rate is calculated based on the detected pressure difference. The first sensor may be an upstream-side pressure sensor arranged at an inlet of the condenser or at a high-pressure side pipe upstream of the inlet and detects a pressure of the refrigerant flowing therethrough, and the second sensor may be a downstream-side pressure sensor arranged at a gas/liquid mixed phase region of the condenser and detects a pressure of the refrigerant flowing therethrough or may be a temperature sensor.

Abstract: A torsion adjusting structure of a screwdriver includes an inner tube, a front micro-adjusting rod, a spring, an upper toothed block, a lower toothed block, a stop member, a compressive member, a regulating knob and an interacting member combined together, and the torsion adjusting structure is assembled in the handle of a screwdriver. To adjust the torsion of the screwdriver, an auxiliary tool is inserted in the polygonal recessed groove of the regulating knob to rotate the regulating knob having the graduation and number of a torsion value to be set by the regulating knob aligned to the position of an indication mark on the handle. Thus, the value of the torsion of a screwdriver can conveniently be regulated via the graduations and numbers on the regulating knob. Furthermore, the front micro-adjusting rod can carry out micro-adjustment of torsion.

Abstract: Embodiments of the subject invention are directed to a method and apparatus for measuring torque applied during installation of a helical pile. Specific embodiments relate to a helical pile installation torque measuring and monitoring system for use during helical pile installation. In a specific embodiment, a load cell pin, or torque pin, is incorporated into the drive head and equipment attachment to measure the direct forces, or torque, that is being applied by the drive head as the helical pile is rotated into the ground. The direct forces, or torque, are relayed to a data capturing device, which records the data and, optionally, displays one or more of the following: the forces, the torque created by the forces, the inclination angle of installation, and the downward, or longitudinal, force applied to advance the helical pile.

Abstract: The “Magneto Cyclist Power Sensor” is a device that computes “cyclist performance” values of pedal power, pedal force, cycle speed, and used gear position of a bicycle using the a aggregated signals from several vibration sensors that are a part of an assembly attached to the bicycle front derailleur. This device, working in conjunction with data from the internet and the cyclist Bluetooth or USB connected phone, is calibrated using known geographic topography of the riders location, prior information about the particulars of the bicycle (make, model and size) and past riding logs recorded by the device. The “cyclist performance values” can be used for providing the cyclist with a display of the computed values on their phone. The device attached to the front derailleur is composed of magnets, inductors, data acquisition and processing unit. Being attached to the derailleur, the device magnets and inductors move with the chain as the chain moves from gear to gear (also called sprocket).

Abstract: A device for measuring the torque, the direction of rotation, and the speed of rotation of a shaft of a transmission, in particular an output shaft of an azimuth transmission, includes bands configured to be mounted in a fixed position on an outer circumference of the shaft. The bands are configured to be detected by measuring sensors and allow torsion of the shaft to be measured. Each of the measuring sensors has a Hall effect sensor, and the bands are respectively arranged at two different positions on the outer circumference of the shaft. Each of the bands includes polygonal apertures and/or depressions having webs located between the apertures and/or depressions. The webs are configured to be detected by the measuring sensors. A method includes operating the device to measure the torque, the direction of rotation, and the speed of rotation of the shaft.

Abstract: Provided are a torque transducer, a method for manufacturing the torque transducer, and a transmission for a vehicle using the torque transducer. The torque transducer includes a mechano-luminescent (ML) part disposed on a torque measuring object and an illumination sensor disposed to be spaced apart from the ML part.

Abstract: Provision of an intermediate shaft and a torque meter between a test product and a dynamometer in a transmission testing device in which the test product is set in an environmental chamber leads to a long axial length and thereby requires a large floor area for setting, and also causes a twisting of a shaft and leads to a poor rigidity. A hollow spacer is provided between a face plate of the environmental chamber and a test product attachment holder to which the test product is attached. A flange with an H-shape in side view is disposed in the hollow of the spacer. The flange has an end connected to an adaptor flange fixed to the test product, and another end connected to a rotating shaft of the dynamometer via the torque meter.

Abstract: A yoke unit includes a first yoke, a second yoke, and a resin section. The first yoke includes multiple first magnetic pole teeth. The second yoke includes multiple second magnetic pole teeth. The first magnetic pole teeth and the second magnetic pole teeth are arranged alternately. The resin section makes the yokes integral with each other. The resin section includes a recessed part formed in an inner surface of the resin section. The recessed part is arranged between the first magnetic pole tooth and the second magnetic pole tooth.

Abstract: A torque measuring vise, including a body for operatively supporting one or more movable clamping members defining a clamping axis for releasably securing an object; one or more sensors disposed about the torque measuring vise; and an electronic circuit in communication with the one or more sensors for producing one or more load responsive measurements.

Abstract: A torque sensing device includes a rotating component configured to rotate about an axis of rotation and a first sensor positioned adjacent to the rotating component to sense instantaneous angular position of the rotating component at a first location. A second sensor is positioned adjacent to the rotating component radially inboard of the first sensor to sense instantaneous angular position of the rotating component at a second location. A controller is operably coupled to the first sensor and the second sensor. The controller determines a relative phase shift between a first signal generated by the first sensor and a second signal generated by the second sensor to calculate an output proportional to a torque applied to the rotating component.

Abstract: A system for measuring torque while cycling can be retrofitted to an existing crankset. A sensor member is placed in between a chainring and crank arm, interconnecting the two. At least one strain gage is placed on the sensor, and is connected with known resistors to form a bridge circuit, specifically a Wheatstone bridge. An electronic package including a battery, strain signal amplifier, an analog-to-digital signal converter, a microprocessor, and a wireless transmitter allows the strain of the strain gages to be measured and converted to a torque value. The torque value can then be wirelessly transmitted to a receiver on a display, itself mounted to the bicycle. Different types and arrangements of strain gages can be used to measure tension, compression, and shearing of the sensor member, providing inputs and a more accurate torque reading. The sensor member can be a unitary body or split into individual sensor members.

Abstract: A torque-measurement device that has a rotational axis, and wherein the torque-measurement device includes an inner tubular structure, an outer tubular structure, and a plurality of ribs that each have a length dimension in a rib-length direction parallel to the rotational axis, a rib-width dimension in a width direction perpendicular to the length direction and extending radially rotational axis, and a minimum rib-thickness dimension in a thickness direction perpendicular to the length direction and perpendicular to the width direction, wherein the length dimension is greater than the width dimension and the width dimension is greater than the thickness dimension, wherein each of the plurality of ribs has a center plane that lies in the rib-length direction and the rib-width direction, and wherein a torque applied between the inner tubular structure and the outer tubular structure results in an angular displacement of inner tubular structure relative to the outer tubular structure.

Abstract: Disclosed is a rotor for a torque sensor configured to improve a mechanical coupling force with respect to a jig in a process of adjusting a torque center, thus enabling a fine adjustment, the rotor including a rotor body having a sleeve coupled to a rotating shaft and a yoke protruding from an outer circumference of the sleeve, a ring-shaped magnet coupled to an outer circumference of the yoke, and an anti-slip structure formed on the rotor body and partially coming into contact with a jig during a rotating process for adjusting a torque center, thus inhibiting slipping between the rotor body and the jig when a rotating force is transmitted, so that slipping between the jig and the rotor body is inhibited to enable precise transmission of the rotating force whereby accuracy is improved during fine adjustment of the torque center.

Abstract: This device is a sensor whose output can be used for providing the cyclist with a display of the power he/she is delivering to the wheels of the bicycle while he/she is riding. It can also be used to determine bike gear selection and bike ground speed. It is a sensor composed of magnet(s) and inductor(s) which attaches to a bikes front derailleur. Attaching the magnets and inductors to the derailleur causes them to move with the chain as the chain moves from gear to gear (also called sprocket) on the bike front gear assembly. Power is computed using a the vibrations of the bike and chain thats measured by the sensors and computed by a small signal processing chip.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of evaluating the play between two threaded components, a first component comprising an internal thread, and a second component comprising an external thread that corresponds to the internal thread of the first component, the components are engaged with each other the method comprising the steps of: applying a torque from a motor to said components such that a first side of the internal thread is in contact with an opposing first side of the external thread wherein the two components are mutually rotated, which mutual rotation yields a mutual translation movement of the two threaded components; fixing the components with respect to each other, such that no mutual translation movement is allowed, whereas mutual rotation is still allowed; withholding the applied torque to one of said components, until a second side of the internal thread is in contact with an opposing second side of the external thread, monitoring the applied torque during the above steps by determining the pow

Abstract: A torque measuring vise, including a body for operatively supporting one or more movable clamping members defining a clamping axis for releasably securing an object; one or more sensors disposed about the torque measuring vise; and an electronic circuit in communication with the one or more sensors for producing one or more load responsive measurements.

Abstract: Disclosed is a rotor for a torque sensor configured to improve a mechanical coupling force with respect to a jig in a process of adjusting a torque center, thus enabling a fine adjustment, the rotor including a rotor body having a sleeve coupled to a rotating shaft and a yoke protruding from an outer circumference of the sleeve, a ring-shaped magnet coupled to an outer circumference of the yoke, and an anti-slip structure formed on the rotor body and partially coming into contact with a jig during a rotating process for adjusting a torque center, thus inhibiting slipping between the rotor body and the jig when a rotating force is transmitted, so that slipping between the jig and the rotor body is inhibited to enable precise transmission of the rotating force whereby accuracy is improved during fine adjustment of the torque center.

Abstract: An arrangement for operating a sensor, in particular a bridge sensor, comprises a sensor input (Vin1, Vin2) for connecting the sensor (Brdg) and a clocked signal generator (Osc), which is coupled to the sensor input (Vin1, Vin2). Furthermore an amplifier (Amp) is provided for detecting sensor signals (Sn, Sn+1), which is connected on the input side to a signal input (IN+, IN?) for connecting the sensor (Brdg), wherein the detection takes place depending on the clock pulse of the signal generator (Osc). A signal processing device (PROC) is connected to an output (AOUT+, AOUT?) of the amplifier (Amp) and is arranged to demodulate the sensor signals (Sn, Sn+1) that follow one another according to the clock pulse.

Abstract: An embodiment discloses a sensor arrangement comprising disc shaped structure with a plurality of magnetic elements which are at least provided on end faces of the disc shaped structure. The sensor arrangement includes a hollow disc structure, the hollow disc structure comprising two end faces, wherein each of the two end faces of the second structure comprises a plurality of teeth spaced apart from each other, the teeth on the two end faces are arranged in opposing positions. Teeth on a respective same end face of the hollow disc structure are spaced from each other. The disc shaped structure is rotatable with respect to the hollow disc structure. A magnetic field sensor is provided to sense a magnetic field generated by the plurality magnetic elements.

Abstract: A torque sensing system can sense the torque that is flowing through a mechanical system. The torque sensing system allows for better control because the torque and horsepower of the mechanical system can be known at all times. The torque sensing system includes an input shaft and an output shaft that prompts a torque shaft to deflect onto a load cell, where the force of the deflection of the torque shaft onto the load cell may be used to determine the torque of the system.

Abstract: A method for detecting backlash and adjusting driveline variables, includes measuring torque transmitted between components across a torsional discontinuity, measuring driveline twist across the discontinuity, using a ratio of driveline twist divided by torque and an inverse of driveline stiffness to determine whether the driveline is entering, exiting or in a backlash zone, and using measured driveline twist and torque at the backlash zone to adjust reference values of driveline twist and torque.

Abstract: A torque sensing system having a torque sensor, and a steering system, are provided. The torque sensor includes a first rotor having apertures extending therethrough and bar magnets disposed in the apertures. The torque sensor further includes a second rotor defining an interior region with the first rotor being disposed in the interior region. The second rotor has tooth members extending toward the first rotor. The torque sensor further includes first and second Hall effect sensors disposed in an open region of the second rotor proximate to the first rotor. The first and second Hall effect sensors generate first and second signals, respectively, indicative of an amount of torque applied between the first rotor and the second rotor.

Abstract: Embodiments of the subject invention are directed to a method and apparatus for measuring torque applied during installation of a helical pile. Specific embodiments relate to a helical pile installation torque measuring and monitoring system for use during helical pile installation. In a specific embodiment, a load cell pin, or torque pin, is incorporated into the drive head and equipment attachment to measure the direct forces, or torque, that is being applied by the drive head as the helical pile is rotated into the ground. The direct forces, or torque, are relayed to a data capturing device, which records the data and, optionally, displays one or more of the following: the forces, the torque created by the forces, the inclination angle of installation, and the downward, or longitudinal, force applied to advance the helical pile.

Abstract: An apparatus for measuring torque in a rotary encoder between the encoder body and encoder shaft. The apparatus includes a rotary stage for mounting and rotating the body of the rotary encoder, a probe arm having a first end for engaging the shaft of the rotary encoder in a stationary position, and a force sensor mourned on an adjustable assembly. The adjustable assembly enables the force sensor to be placed in contact with a second end of the probe arm, such that the plane of the force sensor is parallel to a plane defined by the vertical center plane of the probe arm passing through an axis of rotation of the shaft of the rotary encoder. By rotating the encoder body at a constant speed in clockwise and counterclockwise directions and measuring torque at regular time intervals, the range of torque, torque grittiness, and torque hysteresis may be determined.

Abstract: A torque measurement tool measures the rolling torque of a bearing. The tool includes a bar weldment including a scale bar and a centered socket, and further includes a pair of slides slidably engaging the scale bar. Each slide has a thumb screw lock to fix a selected location and a rod adapted to engage the rotatable portion of the preloaded bearing (or engage a component attached thereto). A related method includes adjusting the slides to engage rods of the torque measurement tool with a rotatable bearing portion in a balanced condition, and using a torque wrench to obtain a reading of the torque required to move the rotatable bearing portion.

Abstract: A method of determining satellization of a laundry load in a washing machine by filtering a drum motor torque signal to block drum frequencies and pass high frequencies to enable further conditioning of the high frequencies and facilitate efficient and accurate determination of satellization.

Abstract: A torque sensing system can sense the torque that is flowing through a mechanical system. The torque sensing system allows for better control because the torque and horsepower of the mechanical system can be known at all times. The torque sensing system includes an input shaft and an output shaft that prompts a torque shaft to deflect onto a load cell, where the force of the deflection of the torque shaft onto the load cell may be used to determine the torque of the system.

Abstract: The invention inter alia relates to a method for monitoring the bearing current of an electrical machine (10). An electrode (100) arranged at a distance (d) to a shaft and the shaft—due to the gap (S) between the electrode and the shaft—produce a measurement capacitance (C) and an electric shift current (i) which flows through the measurement capacitance when there is a temporal change of the voltage (Ug) applied between the shaft and the housing is measured. A measurement signal (Ms) indicating a bearing current flow is generated when the shift current or a measurement variable produced by the shift current meets a predetermined trigger criterion. Preferably, the electrode has a circular inner contour so that the gap is annular. The annular inner contour results in an error compensation in the case of a balance error of the shaft because the factor dC/dt remains at least substantially constant. Due to the contactless measurement of the shift current, no contact brushes for contacting the shaft are required.

Abstract: A torque sensor includes a first resolver that outputs a signal corresponding to a rotation angle of a first rotor fitted on an outer periphery of a first rotary shaft, and a second resolver that outputs a signal corresponding to a rotation angle of a second rotor fitted on an outer periphery of a second rotary shaft coupled to the first rotary shaft via a torsion bar. The torque sensor detects a torque exerted on the first rotary shaft or the second rotary shaft based on the signals output from the first resolver and the second resolver. A first junction between the first rotary shaft and the first rotor, and a second junction between the second rotary shaft and the second rotor are formed so as to have different shapes or different sizes.

Abstract: Disclosed is a rotor for a torque sensor configured to improve a mechanical coupling force with respect to a jig in a process of adjusting a torque center, thus enabling a fine adjustment, the rotor including a rotor body having a sleeve coupled to a rotating shaft and a yoke protruding from an outer circumference of the sleeve, a ring-shaped magnet coupled to an outer circumference of the yoke, and an anti-slip structure formed on the rotor body and partially coming into contact with a jig during a rotating process for adjusting a torque center, thus inhibiting slipping between the rotor body and the jig when a rotating force is transmitted, so that slipping between the jig and the rotor body is inhibited to enable precise transmission of the rotating force whereby accuracy is improved during fine adjustment of the torque center.

Abstract: A system for measuring torque while cycling can be retrofitted to an existing crankset. A sensor member is placed in between a chainring and crank arm, interconnecting the two. At least one strain gage is placed on the sensor, and is connected with known resistors to form a bridge circuit, specifically a Wheatstone bridge. An electronic package including a battery, strain signal amplifier, an analog-to-digital signal converter, a microprocessor, and a wireless transmitter allows the strain of the strain gages to be measured and converted to a torque value. The torque value can then be wirelessly transmitted to a receiver on a display, itself mounted to the bicycle. Different types and arrangements of strain gages can be used to measure tension, compression, and shearing of the sensor member, providing inputs and a more accurate torque reading. The sensor member can be a unitary body or split into individual sensor members.

Abstract: A device for checking the seal-tightness of closure caps on medical hollow bodies has a drive, a retaining element for the hollow body, and a retaining device for the closure cap. The retaining device is pivotably supported relative to the retaining element. The device further includes a sensor for the relative rotation of the retaining device with respect to the retaining element. A torque may be applied to the closure cap by the drive, the retaining element, and the retaining device. A hollow body and a closure cap are gripped by the retaining device and the retaining element from the same side, as viewed along the longitudinal axis of a hollow body.

Abstract: There is provided a variable reluctance sensor for sensing the speed or torque of a shaft in a gear box or gas turbine engine, comprising a magnetic pole piece a conductive wire wrapped around the pole piece a housing surrounding the pole piece, the housing having a front face and at least one side wall, wherein, in use, the front face is positioned proximate to an object to be sensed wherein the pole piece is rigidly fixed to the side wall of the housing. This arrangement reduces microphony in the sensor.

Abstract: A sensor assembly for motor vehicle steering systems, having a torque sensor for magnetically determining a steering torque, and a rotational angle sensor for magnetically determining an absolute steering angle, precisely one carrier member being provided which has a magnetic coding for determining the steering torque and the absolute steering angle and which is shared by the torque sensor and the rotational angle sensor.

Abstract: Various embodiments of the present invention include systems and methods for assessing the performance of an actuator of a attitude control system (ACS), such as a control moment gyroscope (CMG). In one embodiment, a system includes a support bracket assembly coupled to an actuator, wherein the actuator is configured to generate an output torque. The system also includes at least one sensor assembly coupled to the support bracket assembly, wherein the at least one sensor assembly includes a sensor configured to measure the output torque about at least one axis of the support bracket assembly while the support bracket assembly remains substantially motionless.

Abstract: A torque-adjusting machine includes a securing fixture, a torque-detecting mechanism, a driving device and an adjusting mechanism. The securing fixture is capable of retaining a first bracket of a hinge. The driving device is capable of retaining a second bracket of the hinge. The torque-detecting mechanism is connected to the securing fixture and capable of detecting torque of the hinge through rotating the first bracket of the hinge relative to the second bracket of the hinge. The adjusting mechanism includes an adjusting pole. The adjusting pole is capable of moving from a first position, where the adjusting pole is capable of engaging with the hinge and adjusting the torque of the hinge by rotation, to a second position, where the adjusting pole is capable of being disengaged from the hinge.

Abstract: A drive torque estimation device secures accuracy of a drive torque of a compressor by accurately grasping a flow rate of refrigerant in a cycle. The pressure difference is detected by a condenser as a resistor for calculating the flow rate. The pressure difference between two portions based on physical quantities relating to refrigerant pressures is detected using first and second sensors arranged at two portions in the cycle. A flow rate is calculated based on the detected pressure difference. The first sensor may be an upstream-side pressure sensor arranged at an inlet of the condenser or at a high-pressure side pipe upstream of the inlet and detects a pressure of the refrigerant flowing therethrough, and the second sensor may be a downstream-side pressure sensor arranged at a gas/liquid mixed phase region of the condenser and detects a pressure of the refrigerant flowing therethrough or may be a temperature sensor.

Abstract: A device for measuring the torque, the direction of rotation, and the speed of rotation of a shaft of a transmission, in particular an output shaft of an azimuth transmission, includes bands configured to be mounted in a fixed position on an outer circumference of the shaft. The bands are configured to be detected by measuring sensors and allow torsion of the shaft to be measured. Each of the measuring sensors has a Hall effect sensor, and the bands are respectively arranged at two different positions on the outer circumference of the shaft. Each of the bands includes polygonal apertures and/or depressions having webs located between the apertures and/or depressions. The webs are configured to be detected by the measuring sensors. A method includes operating the device to measure the torque, the direction of rotation, and the speed of rotation of the shaft.

Abstract: An exemplary component torquing method includes applying torque to a component during an evaluation pass and collecting data during the evaluation pass. The method uses the data to customize a torque procedure for the component that will help ensure the component has a desired clamp load after the torque procedure. The method then torques the component according to the torque procedure.

Abstract: A torque testing device includes a base, a clamping device for clamping a fastener, a holing cylinder mounted on the base, a mounting beam mounted on the holding cylinder, a moving component, a rotation component, and a torque wrench. The mounting beam defines a nesting hole. The moving component includes a tubular member received in the nesting hole and a driving component mounted on the mounting beam for driving the tubular member towards the fastener. The rotation component includes a rotation shaft and at least one rotation element positioned between the rotation shaft and the tubular member. The rotation shaft is moved with the tubular member towards the fastener. The rotation shaft is capable of being rotated about the tubular member through the rotation element. The torque wrench is connected to the rotation shaft for applying torque to the rotation shaft and revealing the value of the torque.