Abstract: The present invention addresses the problem of providing a cylinder liner or a cylinder bore, which can reduce not only friction on a sliding surface but also oil consumption. In a piston sliding direction of the cylinder bore, grooves of a second sliding region positioned on the side of crankcase have a higher groove area ratio at a depth of 0.3 ?m than grooves of a first sliding region positioned on the side of combustion chamber, and the groove area ratio is in a specific range, whereby friction and oil consumption can be reduced.

Abstract: The invention relates to a cylinder bore and a method. The cylinder bore is configured to receive a piston for reciprocating movement therein and has a pressure side and a counter-pressure side. The cylinder bore includes a bore surface having a first roughness value in a first longitudinal region on the pressure side and a second roughness value different from the first roughness value in the first longitudinal region on the counter-pressure side.

Abstract: The invention relates to an actuator for a wheel guiding element of motor vehicle wheel suspensions, with a first, preferably electrically driven actuating drive which selectively changes the length of the wheel guiding element, in the actuator there being a compensation spring which counteracts the compressive forces acting on the wheel guiding element. According to the invention, the pretensioning force of the compensation spring can be changed by means of a second, preferably electrically driven actuating drive.

Abstract: An actuator assembly for a welding gun is provided that has at least three positions in the example. The actuator assembly includes separate working and retract actuators. The working actuator includes a working rod movable between first and second positions. The retract actuator includes a retract rod independently movable relative to the working rod between third and fourth positions. The retract actuator is external to and non-concentrically arranged relative to the working actuator in the example shown. Actuation of the working and retract actuators is coordinated to provide at least three positions while enabling the actuators to be changed or modified independently from one another. A latching device is configured to selectively interlock the working and retract actuators to one another automatically in response to movement the working rod from the first position to the second position.

Abstract: Cylinders and cylinder liners suitable for use in reciprocating piston engines, compressors and pumps may include a first cylinder surface region (5) having a first surface roughness (Ra1) and a second cylinder surface region (6) having a second surface roughness (Ra2). The first cylinder surface region (5) comprises at least the contact area between the reciprocating piston (2) and a cylinder wall (1) from the top dead point (TDP) of the reciprocating piston (2) towards the bottom dead point (BDP). The second cylinder surface region (6) may be adjacent to the first cylinder surface region (5) and preferably includes a portion of the cylinder wall (1) that contacts the reciprocating piston (2) when the reciprocating piston is disposed at its bottom dead point (BDP). The first surface roughness is preferably smaller or less than the second surface roughness.

Abstract: An apparatus and associated method, the apparatus comprising a controlled element (10), such as a robotic manipulator, and a dynamically updatable control system (11). The control system (11) uses a control system equation (eq. (1)) to determine control signals (dq/dt) for controlling the controlled element (1) given any required inputs (q, V) to the control system equation (eq. (1)). The control system (11) is dynamically updatable in that in response to a script file indicating a code structure (11d) preferably having linked nodes (12a 13a-c) and representing at least some components (W,F,&agr;,&bgr;) of the control system equation (eq. (1)), the control system (11) creates the code structure (11d), at run-time, and does so such that the nodes (12a 13a-c) can be queried (i.e. are executable logic) to provide values for at least some components (W,F,&agr;,&bgr;) of the control system equation (eq. (1)).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a wiper assembly capable of adjusting a wiping angle, which changes the rotating angle of drive arms in accordance with the change of the operating mode (high-speed operating mode or low-speed operating mode) of a wiper assembly by means of an auxiliary motor so that the wiping angle can be properly changed. The wiper assembly capable of adjusting a wiping angle comprises an auxiliary motor mounted on a main frame and having a variable crankshaft for moving the center axis of the variable crankshaft from one position (P1) to another position (P2); and a variable link of which the first end is operatively coupled to one end of the variable crankshaft and the second end is coupled to the first connecting rod, the second connecting rod coupled to one drive arm, and a link rod coupled to the other drive arm. The variable link moves the location of drive arms between the points in accordance with the movement of a pivot (C1 or C2) occurred by operating of the variable crank.

Abstract: An apparatus for lifting a pile of flat products especially a pile of sheets or signatures has a lift lever and a cam follower arm with a first and second end. The cam follower arm is coupled to said lift lever. A cam follower is connected to said cam follower arm and a drive link is coupled to one of said ends of said cam follower arm. A drive link roller is connected to said drive link and a guide ramp is arranged for guiding said drive link roller.

Abstract: A windshield wiper apparatus for a vehicle includes a rotatably supported main shaft to which a wiper arm is secured, a main lever secured to the main shaft, a cam member arranged eccentrically about the main shaft, a plate turnably supported on the main lever, a subordinate lever having one end arranged about the cam member and another end connected to the plate, an arm turnably supported on the plate and having a joint to which a wiper drive mechanism is connected, and a turnover spring arranged between the plate and the arm for holding the arm at a predetermined position. If the wiper arm is moved by wind force during operation at high vehicle velocity, this motion is compensated for by adjusting the oscillation sweep of the arm in such a manner that the wiper arm will reverse direction at its normal upper reversal point. The wiper arm is thus prevented from striking the vehicle pillar, without reducing visibility through the windshield.

Abstract: A lever member (1) is pivotally supported on a shaft for a roller (2) which is in rolling contact with a guide plate (3). One end of the lever member (1) is connected to a force point regulator (4), and the other end of the lever member is connected to an action point regulator (6).

Abstract: Apparatus utilized in combination with a carriage reciprocating between a primary base position and a second position spaced away from the primary base position. The apparatus varies the distance of the second position of the carriage from the primary base portion of the carriage and includes a stop surface on the carriage and a plurality of secondary stop surfaces operatively associated with the carriage stop surface. The secondary stop surfaces are each movable between at least two operative positions, a first operative position in which one of the secondary stop surfaces contacts the carriage stop surface when the carriage is moving away from its primary base position, and, a second operative position in which another of the secondary stop surfaces contacts the carriage stop surface when the carriage is moving from its primary base position. When a secondary stop surface contacts the carriage stop surface, the carriage is halted in its second position.

Abstract: The spraying condition adjusting mechanism of a spraying apparatus according to the present invention has a regulating member fitted on the spraying condition adjusting member so as to turn together with the spraying condition adjusting member, and stoppers are formed in the main housing of the spraying apparatus and the regulating member, respectively, to limit the turning of the spraying condition adjusting member, so that spraying apparatus can be adjusted simply to a desired spraying condition by turning the spraying condition adjusting member within a limited range defined by the stoppers.

Abstract: The present invention pertains to a continuously variable gear device for converting a rotary motion into a linear motion which is dependent on the angle of rotation. The gear device comprises a swivel arm which is rotatable about a fulcrum and is attached to a guide structure on the input and output sides, respectively, of the gear device. Each guide structure is provided with a sliding member to which strings are attached. The swivel arm has guide slots formed on either side of the fulcrum and each guide structure has a roller bearing which engages one of the slots. The mutual distance between the two guide structures is adjustable, by moving one of the guide structures along a positioning rail to vary the transmission ratio of the device.

Abstract: A cam-actuated robotic manipulator system comprising an articulated robot arm adapted for multiple degrees of angular motion, and an actuator system which includes series-connected four-bar linkages and a cam input mechanism for controlling each degree of motion of the robot arm. The several series-connected four-bar linkages for each degree of motion share at least some common axes of rotation, one of which is position-variable for adjusting output position of the corresponding manipulator arm segment for a given cam input. The input mechanism to each four-bar linkage arrangement comprises conjugate cams and conjugate cam followers having an overload mechanism connected therebetween to detect obstruction to movement of the corresponding arm segment for disengaging the cam drive mechanism, and thereby preventing damage to the robot manipulator arm and actuator.

Abstract: An adjustable drive mechanism for reciprocating a pair of sealing jaws in a packaging apparatus and controlling the stroke length includes a drive belt operatively connected to move the carriage and jaws in the up and down direction. A movable pulley assembly interconnects the drive belt ends and is attached to a working arm oscillated by a linkage arrangement. The linkage arrangement includes a rocker oscillated with a crank and connecting rod. A control link pivotally connected to the rocker completes the linkage and deflects to allow raising of the working arm and driving the sealing jaws on a downward draw stroke. The upper end of the control link constitutes an adjustable pivot to vary the degree of movement imparted by the working arm to the drive belt. The adjustable pivot is carried by an annular adjustment ring mounted within an annular guide groove of a mounting plate.

Abstract: A portable positive displacement respirator/ventilator is provided for both a pressure sigh and a volume sigh of predetermined duration and frequency by providing a variable length crank arm connecting a piston through a connecting rod by mounting the connecting rod on a circular toothed gear, pivoting the gear for movement at its center and driven on its outer edge with a separate motor driven pivot gear which when moved relocates the effective length of movement of the point of attachment of the connecting rod thereby changing the volume swept by the piston for the same arc of reciprocal movement of the larger circular toothed gear enabling both a volume change or a volume sigh with the device. A cooperating multiplicity of adjustable pressure regulating valves where at least one can be intermittently closed during the operation of the device regulates ventilation pressure or breathing pressure and sigh pressure.

Abstract: This invention relates to the carton container packaging art, and to a carton filler drive unit and volume adjuster apparatus for packaging machines which have a plurality of filler apparatuses disposed in a linear arrangement, for filling a plurality of cartons at individual fill stations which are disposed in a linear arrangement.The filler drive unit includes a plurality of filler operating shafts which are adapted to be moved between a lowered and raised position by an adjustable cam linkage structure which is powered by the packaging machine main drive shaft. A volume adjuster means is provided for adjusting the stroke of the filler operating shafts to provide very precise calibration of the volume of product being dispensed by the individual carton filler apparatuses controlled by the filler drive unit of the present invention.

Abstract: A first carriage, which is arranged to vertically reciprocate within a first housing, is provided with two air clutches and a continuously moving chain. The chain is arranged to move over co-planar spaced sprockets so as to present one direction of chain motion to the left side of the carriage and a second direction of chain motion to the right side of the carriage. The carriage is also provided with two chain engaging sprockets each controlled by a respective one of two air clutches. The chain engaging sprockets on the carriage normally idle with chain motion. However, actuation of one of the controlling air clutches halts the spinning of its associated sprocket and forces the sprocket and clutch to act as a unit to thereby move the carriage upwardly or downwardly along the length of the chain in a direction dependent upon which portion of the continuously moving chain was so engaged. Means are provided to automatically reverse the stroke, to vary the length of the stroke and to vary the speed of the stroke.

Abstract: An arrangement for an intermittent operation in a notching machine which includes a ram driven by way of a crank or eccentric drive which ram is articulated to a toggle joint. The notching machine has an operating cycle which consists of alternatingly successive notching and notch-free steps which is attainable by means of a cylinder-piston unit activatable pneumatically or hydraulically which unit is in operative connection with an eccentric supported on a pin with the eccentric being the central fulcrum of the toggle joint. A second toggle joint with a counterbalancing mass is diametrically opposed to the ram with the second toggle joint being articulated to the eccentric. The central pivot as well as the points of articulation of the toggle joints to the ram and counterbalancing mass are disposed substantially in one plane.

Abstract: Apparatus for transferring and positioning paper reams onto the feed conveyor of paper ream wrapping machines, comprising a lever member hinged at one end and connected with its opposite end to a gripper assembly, a connecting rod member having its ends respectively mounted pivotally to the lever member and to one arm of a crank lever member actuated to impart to the lever member an oscillating movement. A control means is provided for shifting the pivot between the lever member and the crank lever member and the rotation axis of the crank lever member parallel to itself, such as to vary the amplitude of the oscillation angle of the lever member according to the size of the paper reams to be transferred to the conveyor and selectively cause the angle to lead and lag so that the stroke limits of the lever member happen to coincide with the fixed positions respectively of ream pick up and ream release along a predetermined conveyor axis.