Abstract: A primary product comprising tungsten or molybdenum accommodated in a container 1 is heated at 500.degree. C. with 1000 atmospheric pressure in an Ar gas atmosphere and retained for 1 hour. According to the present invention, the crystal orientation in the (110) face can be 99% or more, and thus a material with a good electron radiation characteristic can be obtained.

Abstract: The vacuum valve contact material of the present invention is manufactured by a step of mixing an anti-arc constituent powder and a conductive constituent powder, a step of forming, and a step of sintering the formed body below the melting point of the conductive constituent, and has improved arc interruption performance.

Abstract: A titanium target for sputtering high in film making efficiency in a contact hole. The crystallization on the target face is caused to be orientated so that the X-ray diffraction strength of the (10 -10) and/or (11 -20) vertical to the close-packed filling face may become 1.1 times or more in a case of the random orientation, and the X-ray diffraction strength of the (0002) parallel to the close-packed filling face may become 1 time or lower in a case of the random orientation. A direction of the sputter grains jumping out of the target face is controlled in a direction vertical to the target face.

Abstract: A disclosed gradient function material is produced by molding and thereafter firing a slurry which contains a plurality of groups of particles having different specific gravities. The plurality of groups of particles include at least a first group of particles and a second group of particles. The first group of particles comprises a group of non-metal particles having a specific gravity ranging from about 3 to 7 and a maximum particle diameter equal to or smaller than a deflocculation limit, said non-metal particles being made of one or more materials selected from the group consisting of an oxide, a carbide, a nitride, and an oxynitride. The second group of particles comprises a group of metal particles having a specific gravity which is about 1.5 times the specific gravity of said first group of particles, and particle diameters distributed across the deflocculation limit.

Abstract: A tungsten heavy alloy composition comprising tungsten, iron and elements selected from the groups X, Y and Z and having the formula W.sub.100-p Fe.sub.i X.sub.j Y.sub.k Z.sub.l. Such that "X" is one or more elements selected from the group consisting of Ni, Mn and Co; "Y" is one or more elements selected from the group consisting of Cr, Mo and V; "Z" is one or more elements selected from the group consisting of C, Si, Ti and Al; "i" ranges from 5 to 19.5 weight percent; "j" ranges from 0.05 to 6 weight percent; "k" ranges from 0.15 to 5 weight percent; "l" ranges from 0.05 to 4 weight percent; and "p" is the mathematical sum of i, j, k and l, and ranges from 7 to 20 such that "100-p" ranges from 93 to 80 weight percent. The blended powder mixture thus formed is hot consolidated to full density. The hot consolidated blended powder mixture is subjected to a hardening heat treatment.

Abstract: A solid object having controlled frangibility, such as a bullet or a container for explosives, is made by combining two different metals in proportions calculated to achieve a desired density, without using lead. A wetting material is deposited on the base constituent which is made of a relative dense, hard material. The wetting material enhances the wettability of the base constituent with the binder constituent, which is lighter and softer than the base constituent.

Abstract: A method of making flowable tungsten/copper composite powder by milling an aqueous slurry of a mixture of the desired weight ratio of tungsten powder and copper oxide powder and, optionally, a small amount of cobalt powder, spray-drying the slurry to form spherical, flowable agglomerates, and reducing the agglomerates in a hydrogen atmosphere.

Abstract: Copper-tungsten alloys used for materials of electrode, electric contacts, package materials for semiconductors, heat sink and their manufacturing methods. The copper-tungsten alloy contains preferably 5 to 30 wt. % of copper, 0.002 to 0.04 wt. % of phosphor, the remaining portion being substantially all tungsten, and it is preferable to contain in these alloys 0.1 to 0.5% of cobalt, nickel or iron or else any combined two out of these three.

Abstract: A substrate serving as a heat sink for a semiconductor efficiently radiates heat from a semiconductor element mounted thereon. The substrate consists of a composite alloy metal which consists of a sintered body of a metal powder having a high melting point such as W and Mo impregnated with a filling metal such as Cu and Ag, wherein the sintered body of a metal powder having a high melting point has a grain size composition of a combination of a plurality of powder groups having statistically different average grain sizes from group to group, and the powder of each group is dispersed uniformly.

Abstract: A sub-caliber, spin stabilized multi-purpose projectile (FAPDS) made of a liquid phase sintered heavy metal sintered material composed essentially of metallic tungsten powder with additives of cobalt and nickel. To attain the highest final ballistic performance in lightly armored air and ground targets (e.g. aircraft, helicopters, armored personnel carriers) the present invention provides that the tungsten percentage of the projectile body lies between 90 and 99.5 weight percent, the density of the sintered material lies between 17.5 and 19.2 g/cm.sup.3 and the ratio of cobalt to nickel in the binder phase lies between 1:0.5 and 1:2.3, preferably 1:1.5. The projectile body according to the preferred embodiment of the invention is made of one piece and includes in its front portion a cylindrical pin for fastening of a projectile tip made of heat treatable steel.

Abstract: A mixed metal powder for hard metal alloys comprising cobalt, 1 to 10 parts per weight tungsten and 1 to 10 parts by weight of aluminum and a hard metal alloy containing the mixed metal powder binder in an amount of from 2 to 12 parts by weight per about 100 parts by weight of a metal carbide for corrosion resistant hard metal tools.

Abstract: Methods of making high specific gravity shotgun shot and small arms projectiles from melts containing primarily tungsten and iron, and particularly including specific melting temperature depressants and using specific quenching both compositions are described and specific conditions and materials and methods for making high specific gravity shot pellets and projectiles by powder metallurgical techniques are described.

Abstract: An electrical contact for use in an electrical switching device is provided having low contact resistance, high wear resistance and high anti-weld characteristics. The contact includes a material composition of between 0.2 and 8% by weight Gr, between 10 and 90% by weight W and the remaining mixture consisting of Ag. The contact is manufactured using a process which yields a unique microstructure characterized by not having an interconnected Gr network around the Ag thereby providing a strong Ag to Ag bond. This process includes the steps of adding the appropriate amounts of Ag, W and Gr powder material together, blending together under low shear conditions to provide a homogenous powder mixture while prohibiting the Gr from smearing onto the Ag, pressing the material mixture to form a contact, and then sintering and coining the contact.

Abstract: A tungsten based sintered alloy has excellent corrosion resistance under high temperatures and high humidities, and has good toughness. The alloy can be employed as such without requiring further corrosion protection such as Ni plating, due to its corrosion resistance, and allows for plastic deformation such as caulking, due to its toughness or good elongation. The tough corrosion-resistant tungsten based sintered alloy consists of 80 to 97 percent by weight of tungsten, and a remainder of Ni, Co, and optionally Fe and unavoidable impurities. The alloy most particularly has a Co content of at least 2 and not more than 60 percent by weight, an Fe content of more than 0 and less than 5 percent by weight, and a remainder of Ni in a Ni--Co--Fe binder phase.

Abstract: Disclosed is a flow-softening tungsten alloy having the general formula:W.sub.100-p T.sub.x M.sub.y B.sub.zwherein W is tungsten; T is one or more elements selected from the group sisting of titanium, zirconium and hafnium; M is one or more elements selected from the group consisting of molybdenum, tantalum. iron, cobalt, nickel,manganese and vanadium; B is one or more of the elements selected from the group consisting of boron, carbon, silicon and aluminum; x is from 5 to 30 weight percent; y is from 1 to 10 weight percent; z is from 0 to 2 weight percent; and p is equal to or less than 30 weight percent. In this alloy p is approximately equal to the sum of x, y and z. A method of preparing this alloy and a kinetic energy penetrator manufactured from it are also disclosed.

Abstract: A firearm bolt prepared from an alloy of tungsten, nickel and iron having a density of about from 14.1 g/cc to 18.0 g/cc. The alloy preferably also contains at least one of molybdenum, cobalt, rhenium, tantalum and gold. The alloy is preferably manufactured by standard powder metallurgical techniques followed by a liquid phase sinter and vacuum anneal. The bolt can also be manufactured using solid state sintering. The bolt can also be manufactured by mechanically working the material after sintering, after annealing, or after both sintering and annealing.

Abstract: The sinterability of a copper/tungsten green compact is improved by using copper oxide, tungsten oxide or both as the copper and/or tungsten source. Sinterability is further enhanced by including steam in the sintering atmosphere.

Abstract: This invention is directed toward a material which is used to coat or create a surface for machine cutting tools, all types of drill bit teeth, saw teeth, bearing surfaces valve seats, nozzles and the like, thereby producing surfaces which are highly abrasion and erosion resistant. Furthermore, this invention includes some of the possible methods for producing such a material given that the methods and apparatus required provide a significant cost reduction over those required for producing prior art surface materials with similar abrasion and erosion resistant properties. More specifically, the material set forth can be formed at relatively low temperatures and relatively low pressures by sintering mixtures for a relatively short period of time.

Abstract: A wire for fabrication of a vibration resistant filament for an incandescent lamp. The wire includes about 0.05-1.00 weight percent lanthanum oxide dispersed in a tungsten matrix and has a microstructure including stringers of fine particles of lanthanum oxide extending parallel to the wire axis. During primary recrystallization of a vibration resistant lamp filament from the filament wire, the stringers produce a microstructure in the filament exhibiting sufficient grain boundary segments extending generally axially along the length of the filament to render the filament resistant to vibration. A method for producing a vibration resistant filament for an incandescent lamp is also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention discloses an improved method for compacting powdered materials, including ferrous alloys, non-ferrous metals or non-metal powders, wherein the improved method includes the use of an improved lubricant during the compaction process. The improved lubricant includes vinyl halides, generally, and polytetrafluroethylene, specifically. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, 0.2 to 0.6 wt. % of the vinyl halide is added to the powdered form of the compactable material before the compaction and sintering of the compactable material.

Abstract: A trapping plug with unique characteristics provides phase separators for cryogenic storage systems for space applications. The plug has a body of high-thermal conductivity metal such as OFHC copper and a multiplicity of holes of uniform, extremely small diameter and uniformly spaced extending through the body. The hole diameters and their uniformity in size and spacing enable precise design of an operating system using disclosed criteria. Hole diameters at the range of interest for systems for long-term storage of cryogenics such as liquid hydrogen, that is, 0.1 to 5.0 microns, may be provided in the plugs. Multiple plugs or clusters of plugs disposed in a plate may be used as required. A storage system making use of the trapping plugs also includes external vent lines and a flow regulator that controls flow of vapor through the vent lines.

Abstract: Disclosed is a high heat conductive body which consists of 30-99 wt. % of at least one of molybdenum and tungsten and 1 or more wt. % ceramic. A wiring base substrate fitted with such a high heat conductive body is also disclosed. Methods of producing such a high heat conductive body and a wiring base substrate are further disclosed.

Abstract: Shot pellet or small arms projectile comprises 40-60% by weight of tungsten and 60-40% by weight of iron formed by sintering tungsten containing powders having median particle sizes below 6 microns to form a material consisting primary of an intermetallic compound of tungsten and iron or of a metal matrix of iron surrounding tungsten containing particles.

Abstract: Method of manufacturing a dispenser cathode, in which method tungsten and a scandium-containing material are mechanically alloyed and the product thus formed is pressed into a cathode body. The cathode body is further provided with a barium-containing component. In the mechanical alloying process the tungsten is highly deformed and the scandium-containing material is mixed with the tungsten so as to be very finely distributed therein, so that an improved dispensation of scandium and hence an improved recovery after ion bombardment of the final cathode is attained.

Abstract: An arc discharge electrode material used for various electrode materials for arc welding, which is excellent in arc ignitability and consumability. The composition is 0.02 to 1.0 wt % lanthanum boride and the rest of tungsten.

Abstract: Silicide targets for sputtering which have an area ratio of silicon phases that appear on the sputter surface of no more than 23%, and a density of at least 99%, with a deformed layer partly removed from the surface to attain a surface roughness of from more than 0.05 .mu.m to 1 .mu.m, preferably with the number of coarse silicon phases at least 10 .mu.m in diameter that appear on the sputter surface being at most 10/mm.sup.2. The reduction of early-stage particle generation, in turn, reduces secondary particle generation, thus realizing the reduction of particle generation at both early stage and stabilized stage. A Si powder having a maximum particle diameter of no more than 20 .mu.m is mixed with a metal powder having a maximum particle diameter of no more than 60 .mu.m, in a rather Si-lower mixing ratio. A silicide powder is synthesized from the mixture and hot pressed, the sintered compact being machined and surface treated for the removal of the deformed layer.

Abstract: The invention relates to a heavy metal alloy comprising from about 85 to 98 weight-% tungsten that is essentially present in the form of globular tungsten grains, and nickel and cobalt in a Ni/Co weight ratio approximately between 1.6 and 3.5 as binder elements in an austenitic binder phase which also contains tungsten in solid solution, wherein the alloy sintered from the appropriate powders is subjected to a heat treatment, and a method for its production. The alloy permits the attainment of very high strength values with the retention of high ductility.

Abstract: A hard alloy suitable for use in cutting tools, which exhibits excellent wear and fracture resistance, is disclosed. The hard alloy includes a hard dispersed phase and a binder metal phase, and the binder metal phase is constructed so that compressive stress, preferably of no less than 98 MPa (10 kgf/mm.sup.2), is retained therein. The hard alloy may be a cermet which includes a hard dispersed phase of at least one compound of titanium carbonitride and composite carbonitrides of titanium with at least one element of tantalum, tungsten, molybdenum, niobium, vanadium, chromium, zirconium or hafnium, and a binder metal phase of one or more of cobalt, nickel, iron and aluminum.

Abstract: High density heatsinks for microcircuit packages are formed by first mold-pressing a composite powder of free-flowing spray-dried particles of copper and at least one other denser material such as tungsten and/or molybdenum, the proportions of which are adjusted to match the thermal expansion characteristics of the microcircuit material. The pressed compacts are then heated in a sintering furnace at 1,200.degree. C. to 1,350.degree. C. in order to effect an homogeneous distribution of the melting copper throughout the structure. The process results in a readily usable component having good thermal conductivity and matched thermal expansion that requires no further machining.

Abstract: This invention relates to fine-particle powders of the metals Fe, Co, Ni, W and/or Mo which have a defined particle size of 1.0 nm to less than 1 00 nm. Less than 1% of the individual particles of the powder deviate by more than 40% from the average particle size, and no individual particle of the powder deviates by more than 60% from the average particle size.

Abstract: A composite lead-free bullet is disclosed comprising a heavy constituents selected from the group of tungsten, tungsten carbide, carballoy, and ferro-tungsten and a second binder constituent consisting of either a metal alloy or a plastic blend.

Abstract: A method for heat-treatment of tungsten based alloys, capable of improving impact toughness while keeping tensile strength and elongation. The method comprises maintaining a sintered tungsten based alloy consisting of 86 to 99 weight % tungsten and the balance at least one selected from a group consisting of nickel, iron, copper, cobalt and molybdenum, at a temperature ranged from 950.degree. to 1,350.degree. C. for a maintenance time of one minute to 24 hours, quenching the sintered alloy in water or in oil, and repeating the maintaining and quenching steps.

Abstract: An impregnated thermionic cathode includes a porous matrix of sintered tungsten-alloy particles containing less than six percent iridium and/or other platinum-group metal. The pores of the matrix are impregnated with a temporary process impregnant such as molten copper or an organic monomer, and upon solidification is machined to a desired shape. Thereafter the temporary process impregnant is removed, and the matrix pores again infiltrated with a barium oxide such as molten barium aluminate, or other alkaline earth. A thin, iridium-rich surface activating layer, preferably of about 50% iridium, is then applied to the emitting surface. The diffusion of surface activating iridium is substantially blocked; superior emission and lifetime is provided; and the cathode is relatively low cost and easy to fabricate.

Abstract: Alloys of tungsten and uranium and a method for making the alloys. The amount of tungsten present in the alloys is from about 55 vol % to about 85 vol %. A porous preform is made by sintering consolidated tungsten powder. The preform is impregnated with molten uranium such that (1) uranium fills the pores of the preform to form uranium in a tungsten matrix or (2) uranium dissolves portions of the preform to form a continuous uranium phase containing tungsten particles.

Abstract: A method of making a threaded tungsten metal part having a diameter or thickness greater than two inches. Tungsten metal powder is hot isostatically pressed and sintered and then machined to the desired thread configuration using a single point tungsten carbide cutting tool.

Abstract: Tungsten-titanium sputter targets of at least 95% theoretical density are provided with little or no .beta.(Ti, W) phase constituent. Such targets will minimize troublesome particulate emissions during sputter coating conditions.

Abstract: The invention relates to a hard-metal body whose hard-metal phase consist of tungsten carbide and whose binder metal phase consists of nickel and chrome.Especially for the enhancement of the corrosion resistance it is proposed that the hard metal contain also TiN in addition to the hard-metal phase, whereby the content of TiN and and binder metal phase amounts to 5 to 25% by mass and is composed by 0.1 to 10% by mass TiN, 5 to 15% by mass chrome, the balance being made up by nickel.

Abstract: A substrate material for mounting a semiconductor device thereon, comprises a skeleton prepared by liquid-phase presintering the composition of W and/or Mo powder in which Cu and/or Ag powder is uniformly dispersed, and a Cu and/or Ag phase infiltrated into the pores of the skeleton. The total amount of Cu and/or Ag in the product is adjusted to 10-50 vol. %. The substrate material is manufactured by two steps of: presintering the Cu and/or Ag-contng. powdery composition to form a porous skeleton, and infiltrating Cu and/or Ag into the pores of the skeleton. Since the skeleton contng. Cu and/or Ag exhibits an excellent affinity to molten Cu and/or Ag, the infiltration of molten Cu and/or Ag is performed uniformly into every nook and corner of the skeleton. Consequently, the obtained product is free from pores which would deteriorate a junction plane between the substrate and a semiconductor device mounted thereon.

Abstract: Ti-W target material for sputtering includes a structure composed of a W phase, a Ti phase, and a Ti-W alloy phase of which 20% or more consist of the area ratio of a micro structure covering the cross section of the Ti-W target material. The Wi-W target material further includes dispersed tungsten particles, the Ti-W alloy phases substantially surrounding the W grains, and the Ti phases dispersed adjacent to the Ti-W alloy phase or the W grains. The formation of the Ti-W alloy phases is capable of reducing a substantial amount of the Ti phase in the target material. It is thus possible to prevent the generation of particles attributable to a difference between sputtering speeds of Ti and Ti-W.

Abstract: A consolidated tungsten alloy body consisting essentially of from about 88% to about 98% by weight of tungsten, balance, nickel and iron, produced by liquid phase sintering, containing a continuous phase of a tungsten, nickel and iron alloy and a discontinuous phase of elongated grains of tungsten having an aspect ratio of at least 4:1 relatively uniformly distributed throughout the continuous phase and wherein said body has a recrystallization temperature of from about 1000.degree. C. to about 1200.degree. C. A process for producing the consolidated bodies comprises working and annealing at controlled temperatures to achieve the desired properties. The working temperatures are from about 700.degree. C. to about 900.degree. C. and the annealing temperature is preferably 1200.degree. C.

Abstract: An aluminum alloy is prepared from an aluminum alloy powder having a composition of:lubricating componentPb: 3 to 15 Wt %;hardening componentSi: 1 to 12 Wt %;rainforcement componentone or more selected among Cu, Cr, Mg, Mn, NiZn, Fe and: 0.2 to 5.0 Wt %;and remainder of aluminum as principal material or matrix.To the aluminum alloy powder set forth above, powder state Pb in 3 to 12 Wt % is added. With the mixture of the aluminium alloy powder and Pb powder, a billet is formed. For the billet, extrustion process is performed in a extrusion ratio greater than or equal to 40. In the extruded block, Si particle dispersed in the aluminum matrix is in a grain size smaller than or equal to 12 .mu.m. Furthermore, at least of half of added Pb power particle is dispersed to have greater than or equal to 0.74 of circularity coefficient.

Abstract: A vibration-proof tungsten wire which forms, in cases where the diameter of the wire is D mm and when an electric current corresponding to 90% of the fusion current value is passed therethrough for 5 minutes, a wire havinga crystal grain boundary at which bubbles of 0.3 .mu.m or less in diameter are dispersed in bubble rows with lengths of (0.39/D).sup.2 .times.3 .mu.m or more arrayed in the wire axis direction of said crystal grain boundary, and bubbles of 0.2 .mu.m or less in diameter are randomly dispersed; anda crystal grain in which bubbles of 0.3 .mu.m or less in diameter are dispersed in rows with lengths of (0.39/D).sup.2 .times.30 .mu.m or more arrayed in the wire axis direction within said crystal grain, and bubbles of 0.2 .mu.m or less are randomly dispersed;a process for preparing the same; and a tungsten filament obtained from the above-defined wire. The doped tungsten wire of this invention possesses excellent vibration-proof property on lighting as well as high reliability.

Abstract: A W-Ni-Co penetrator has a composition of 90 to 98 weight percent tungsten, the balance being nickel and cobalt, the weight ration of nickel to cobalt being between 1:1 to 9:1.

Abstract: In a process for making a low thermal expansion, high thermal conductivity member or article suitable for bonding to a support member at a predetermined bonding temperature and for facilitating heat transfer therefrom, and in the member made thereby, first and second metal powders are combined in volumetric proportions to provide an approximation to desired thermal expansion and thermal conductivity characteristics. The powder mixture is then consolidated in a controlled manner to provide a shaped member having a thermal expansion characteristic curve that essentially matches that of the support member from about 30.degree. C. up to the bonding temperature. Consolidation of the metal powder mixture is controlled by selecting a density for the consolidated powder that results in the close expansion match over the temperature range and then consolidating the metal powder mixture to that density.

Abstract: A method of forming tungsten ingots having improved uniformity of density and improved uniformity in distribution of dopant within the ingot is disclosed. Doped tungsten powder is disposed in a cylindrical mold having sealing means at both ends. The powder completely fills a void space within the mold between the sealing means so that there is substantially no settling of the powder. A pressure of about 560 kg/cm.sup.2 is applied uniformly to the outer surface of the mold to form a cylindrical compact. The compact is removed from the mold and resistance sintered to a density of at least about 85 percent of theoretical density to form the ingot.

Abstract: A copper-tungsten mixture net-shaped product produced using powder metallurgical techniques with injection molding and liquid phase sintering. The product has a very low leak rate in helium gas, a high thermal conductivity and a rate of thermal expansion which is substantially the same as some glass and ceramic materials.

Abstract: A composite material comprising a metal matrix containing tungsten grain is roduced from tungsten powders formed by plasma rapid solidification. The powders comprise tungsten and up to 20 weight percent of a metal selected from the group consisting of molybdenum, tantalum, niobium, rhenium, and chromium. The surfaces of the powders are cleaned to reduce the surface oxide thereon, and the powders are coated with at least one metal selected from the group consisting of copper, nickel, cobalt, hafnium and tantalum. The coated powders are formed into a sintered preform which is less than fully dense, and the sintered preform is further consolidated to full density by a technique selected from hot isostatic pressing, rapid omin-directional compaction, and hot extrusion.

Abstract: An anti-material projectile of trangible alloy for fragmenting due to impact shock on hitting a target thereafter penetrating the target causing damage. The projectile is preferably high density frangible alloy having a ratio of compressive to tensile strength of 20 to 1. The projectile is useful against soft targets suct as aircraft as well as armor targets where initial impact is at the armor plating. The projectile may be a composite of pyrophoric windscreen with a projectile body of frangible alloy and armor piercing alloy.

Abstract: Dense tungsten ingots are prepared by hot isostatically pressing at a temperature of about 1500.degree. to about 1700.degree. C. and a pressure of about 20 to about 30 ksi for about 2 to about 3 hours a refractory container comprising a green tungsten metal compact in contact with a dopant, the tungsten metal of the compact being formed prior to contact with the dopant; the dopant being a material which is insoluble in tungsten and contains molecules having atomic radii greater than the atomic radius of tungsten by at least about 15%.

Abstract: Tungsten heavy alloys comprising by weight from about 80 to about 100% tuten and from about 0 to about 20% of one or more heavy alloying metals are produced by introducing powders of tungsten and the alloying metals into a thermal spray plasma gun, melting the powders in the hot zone of the gun to form a molten alloy and then spraying the molten alloy in droplet form into a collecting chamber where the droplets are solidified, and the resultant alloy in powdered form is collected. The powdered alloy can be further mixed with powdered copper, iron, nickel, cobalt or tantalum and compacted by dynamic or explosive compaction to form a near full density material. Full density materials are produced by further thermomechanical processing of the compact.