Abstract: The method employs a desulfurization agent that is introduced into a smelt of one of molten pig iron and molten steel. The desulfurization agent contains calcium oxide, bitumen and at least one flux agent, with the agent containing 1 to 10% by weight bitumen.

Abstract: A preferred embodiment of the process involves a generate a catalyst that comprises molybdenum carbide nickel material. Steps may involve heating a surface that comprises molybdenum oxide and a nickel salt while passing thereover a gaseous mixture that comprises a reductant and a carburizer. In certain embodiments, the reductant and the carburizer may both be carbon monoxide, or both be a saturated hydrocarbon. In others, the reductant may be carbon monoxide and the carburizer may be a saturated hydrocarbon.

Abstract: The invention relates an agent for treating molten metals, in particular for desulphurizing pig iron melts, containing at least calcium oxide, optionally at least one other element in the elementary and/or bound state, selected from the group including alkali metals, alkaline earth metals or earth metals and bitumes in an amount between 1-30 wt.-% or a mineral oil and/or paraffin oil, in an amount between 1-25 wt. %. Said agent is suitable, in particular, for treating pig iron melts, according to a mono-, co- or multi-injection method, but also for stirring, for example, according to the KR stirring method.

Abstract: The invention relates to a pelletising feed containing chromite ore, at least one nickel salt, and silicon carbide as the only carbonaceous material and the only reducing agent. The invention also relates to process for manufacturing the pelletising feed comprising the steps providing chromite, at least one nickel salt and silicon carbide, and mixing chromite, at least one nickel salt and silicon carbide. The invention also relates to use of the pelletising feed as a starting material for the manufacture of sintering feed. The invention also relates to a sintering feed in the form of pellets containing the pelletising feed. The invention also relates to sintered pellets containing the sintering feed. The invention also relates to process for manufacturing the sintered pellets. The invention also relates to use of the sintered pellets as a component of smelting feed. The invention also relates to smelting feed comprising sintered pellets.

Abstract: A slag composition containing steelmaking slag and from about 0.3 to about 10 weight percent of reducing agent. The steelmaking slag contains from about 20 to about 55 weight percent of calcium oxide, from about 8 to about 50 weight percent of ferrous oxide, from about 4 to about 20 weight percent of magnesium oxide, from about 8 to about 30 weight percent of silicon oxide, from 0.5 to about 10 weight per cent aluminum oxide, and from about 0.5 to about 10 weight percent of manganese oxide. The reducing agent contains from about 15 to about 70 weight percent of calcium carbide and from about 10 to about 50 weight percent silicon carbide, wherein the ratio of calcium carbide to silicon carbide is between 0.7 and 7.

Abstract: A molded body containing titanium, a method for the production thereof, and the use thereof.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for grain refining of steel. A grain refining alloy having a composition FeXY where X is one or more elements selected from the group consisting of Cr, Mn, Si, Ni, and Mo and where Y is one or more oxide and/or sulphide and or nitride and/or carbide forming elements selected from the group consisting of Ce, La, Nd, Pr, Ti, Al, Zr, Ca, Ba, Sr, Mg, C and N where X is between 0.001 and 99% by weight based on the weight of the alloy and where Y is between 0.001 and 50% by weight of the alloy, said alloy additionally containing between 0.001 and 2% by weight of oxygen and/or between 0.001 and 2% by weight of sulphur, said alloy containing at least 103 inclusion particles per mm3 consisting of oxides and/or sulphides and/or carbides and/or nitrides of one or more of the Y elements and/or one or more of the X elements Cr, Mn and Si in addition to Fe, said inclusion particles having a mean diameter of less than 10 ?m, is added to molten steel in an amount of between 0.

Abstract: A slag composition containing from about 85 to about 99 weight percent of steelmaking slag and from about 1 to about 15 weight percent of a foaming additive. The steelmaking slag is at a temperature of from about 2500 to about 3100 degrees Fahrenheit. The foaming additive contains from about 20 to about 80 weight percent of a source of elemental carbon, from about 5 to about 80 weight percent of calcium carbide, and from about 25 to about 75 weight percent of anoxide compound. The weight ratio of the source of elemental carbon to the calcium carbide is at least 2.

Abstract: The invention relates to a grain refining agent for cast aluminum or magnesium products, comprising particles having an average particle size of 0.1 to 30 &mgr;m and each formed of an agglomerate of grains with each grain comprising a nanocrystal of a transition metal boride or carbide of the formula: MeaXb (I) wherein Me is a transition metal, X is boron or carbon, a ranges from 1 to 10 and b ranges from 1 to 20. The grain refining agent according to the invention does not require to be formed into a master alloy prior to being added to the molten aluminum or magnesium to be cast.

Abstract: Metallic particles capable of causing iron or other desired first metal to break free from its oxide are coated with a refractory that inhibits incineration of the metallic particles. The coated metallic particles are added to the molten metal bath as a means for treating the molten metal bath by increasing the yield of the first metal from the bath.

Abstract: A method and composition for removing sulfur from molten ferrous material, particularly molten pig iron. The desulfurization agent includes a magnesium particle coated with a heat absorbing compound. The heat absorbing compound absorbs heat around the magnesium particle to reduce the rate the magnesium particle vaporizes in the molten iron. The particle size of the magnesium particle is at least about twice the particle size of the heat absorbing compound. A bonding agent can be used to bond the particles of the heat absorbing compound to the particle of magnesium.

Abstract: A method and composition for removing sulfur from molten ferrous material, particularly molten pig iron. The desulfurization agent includes a magnesium particle coated with a heat absorbing compound. The heat absorbing compound absorbs heat around the magnesium particle to reduce the rate the magnesium particle vaporizes in the molten iron. The particle size of the magnesium particle is at least about twice the particle size of the heat absorbing compound. A bonding agent can be used to bond the particles of the heat absorbing compound to the particle of magnesium.

Abstract: A slag composition containing steelmaking slag and from about 0.5 to about 10 weight percent of reducing agent. The steelmaking slag contains from about 25 to about 55 weight percent of calcium oxide, from about 10 to about 50 weight percent of ferrous oxide, from about 5 to about 20 weight percent of magnesium oxide, from about 5 to about 20 weight percent of silicon oxide, and from about 0.5 to about 8 weight percent of manganese oxide. The reducing agent contains both calcium carbide and elemental aluminum. From about 5 to about 80 weight percent of the reducing agent is comprised of calcium carbide, and from about 10 to about 50 weight percent of such reducing agent is comprised of elemental aluminum.

Abstract: A composite charge for metallurgical processing which reduces the content of non-metallic inclusions in the end product(s) comprises 40-83 wt. % of a metallic agent, 17-50 wt. % of an oxide agent and 0.1-10.0 wt. % of a carbonaceous agent. The carbonaceous agent includes a mixture of metal carbides and free carbon, preferably graphite, having a ratio in the range of 0.1-10.0:1.

Abstract: An agent for desulfurization, dephosphorization, desiliconizing, and denitriding of ironmelt and melt containing chromium or manganese, consisting of at least one of the following mineral raw-material: alkali-containing plagioclase (feldspar), alkali-containing orthoclase, montmorillonite (perlite), bentonite, muscovite, or zeolithe, and calcium carbide and/or calcium oxide.These mixtures can be blended further with scale, Fe-ores, Cr-ores or Mn-ores and used by standard technologies. The mineralic components, in connection with calcium carbide, lime, iron-ore or scale or other related ores, cause an effective reduction of unwanted elements, such as sulfur, phosphorus, silicium, and nitrogen, in the metal melts.The slags produced are freely skimmed and contain less iron granules than standard agents. Some of these materials may be enriched with alkali oxides by sintering or melting with appropriate compounds, like soda ash.

Abstract: A reagent for desulfurizing molten iron comprising calcium carbide and/or lime and an asphaltite. The reagent may contain, in addition, magnesium which is either uniformly distributed within the reagent mixture, or stored separately and added to the mixture during fluidized transport of the reagent just prior to injection to vary the addition of magnesium for any given injection.

Abstract: This invention relates to the refining of steel external to a primary steelmaking vessel, for example in the ladle. More particularly, it is: A.) a method of synthesizing a slag on the steel that (i) mitigates the detrimental effects of existing natural slag carried over from the primary steelmaking vessel, (ii) is low in specific bulk density, due to gas evolution and foaming, (iii) is suitable for refining of steel, and (iv) is not aggressive to the ladle refractory lining; B.) a method, and composition for treating any primary slag that has entered the ladle; C.) a method and composition for coating refractory linings. The present invention involves the manufacture in situ of a secondary ladle slag, the treating of ladle slag, and the protection of refractory linings by the addition of materials including calcium carbide, foaming agents such as one or more carbonates of calcium, magnesium, and sodium, and other components used to adjust slag composition.

Abstract: Product for desulfurization of liquid cast iron composed of technical calcium carbide powder, to which may be added products intended to cause gaseous release in the bath and to modify the composition of the slag and which is coated or agglomerated either by resins or an organic compound having a clear-cut melting point and which is solid at ambient temperature. The process comprises mixing of the carbide and additives with the binding agent, resin, or organic product, agglomeration by pellet formation, compression or extrusion, and possible second grinding and sifting to obtain the desired granulometry. The product is added to the liquid cast iron using a lance, by gravity, or as a filled wire. It has good pourability, increased effectiveness, and reduced reactivity to moisture. It is used for desulfurization of both forge and foundry pig iron.

Abstract: The desulfurization agent for molten iron is made up of 70 to 95% commercial calcium carbide, 5 to 25% silicon dioxide, 0 to 10% of a metal oxide; and 0 to 5% calcium fluoride. The metal oxides are iron oxides and manganese oxides. The desulfurizing agent has been found to reduce the amount of calcium carbide in the resulting slag.

Abstract: An agent for desulfurizing molten metals, in particular molten iron, comprises a CaC.sub.2 /CaO crystal blend with a maximum of 62% by weight of CaC.sub.2, gas-evolving substances and 0 to 44% by weight of metallic magnesium as the components.For desulfurizing molten metals, in particular molten iron, using this agent, either the mixture comprising both the CaC.sub.2 /CaO crystal blend and gas-evolving substances, and the magnesium, are fluidized separately and the two fluidized products are combined immediately before they enter the melt, or the CaC.sub.2 /CaO crystal blend, gas-evolving substances and magnesium components are fluidized together and the fluidized product is introduced into the melt.

Abstract: The present invention provides an agent for desulphurizing iron containing calcium carbide and a metallic component, wherein the calcium carbide and the metallic component are present in such a form that the bulk densities and grain sizes thereof lie in the same range.The present invention also provides a process for producing this agent, as well as a process for desulphurizing iron using this agent.

Abstract: The desulfurization agent for molten iron is made up of 95 to 70% commercial calcium carbide, 30 to 5% calcium aluminate slag, and 10 to 0% of a metal oxide. The calcium aluminate slag is made up of 65 to 50% calcium oxide, 35 to 25% aluminum oxide, and 12 to 3% calcium fluoride. The metal oxides are ferric oxide, manganomanganic oxide and ferrosoferric oxide. The desulfurizing agent has been found to reduce the amount of calcium carbide in the resulting slag.