Abstract: A method and apparatus for producing direct reduced iron from iron oxide fines. The iron oxide raw material is conducted through a series of circulating fluidizable beds in which the fluidizing gas is a strong reducing gas mixture, which allows intimate contact between the fines and the reducing gas to facilitate the direct reduction of the iron oxide fines to metallized iron.

Abstract: A process for controlling the conversion of reactor feed to iron carbide is disclosed. The reactor feed is subjected to a process gas in a fluidized bed reactor (10), and the off-gas from this reaction is analyzed (56) to determine its composition and the temperature (64) and pressure (66). A stability phase diagram is generated based on the temperature. Different regions of the stability phase diagram are representative of different products being formed by the conversion of the reactor feed. Based on relative concentrations of the individual gases in the off-gas and the total pressure, a point is plotted on the stability phase diagram indicative of the favored reaction product. The process parameters can then be adjusted to insure that iron carbide can be produced from the reactor feed based on the stability phase diagram. In one embodiment, the rate of conversion of the reactor feed into iron carbide is controlled.

Abstract: In a process and an apparatus for the production of liquid metal (4) from fine-grain metal oxide particles, the particles, together with hot reducing gas, are blown against a heated bulk material filter layer (9) of lump coal and/or ceramic pieces, a substantial proportion of the particles being retained on and in the filter layer and subjected to finishing reducing by the reducing gas. A high-temperature flame is produced in front of the filter layer (9) by an oxygen-bearing gas being blown against the filter layer, and the metallised particles which are retained in the filter layer are melted. They pass in the liquid condition through the filter layer (9) into a receiving space (3) for liquid metal (4).

Abstract: A method for treating gases and solids in a fluid bed, the fluid bed reactor substantially comprising, regarded downstream, a mixing chamber, a riser pipe and a cyclone with a solids return pipe to the mixing chamber, the gases being introduced into the mixing chamber at a gas rate immediately before the inlet port of the mixing chamber of more than 35 m/sec.

Abstract: A fluidized bed reducing furnace for an oxide raw material is provided with at least two reductive gas supply ports for supplying a reductive gas into the furnace. With this construction, the fine or granular raw material and the reductive gas supplied are sufficiently dispersed and mixed with each other in the furnace to thereby improve a reduction rate and an yield of the raw material. It is preferable to provide at least two raw material supply ports for supplying the raw material into the furnace.

Abstract: Process control method for regulating the percentage reduction of sponge metal produced in a moving bed vertical reduction reactor by means of sampling at a single level in the reactor (preferably centrally located) for determining the concentration ratio of a reducing gas species and its oxidized product (such as the CO/CO.sub.

Abstract: A prereduction furnace of a smelting reduction facility of iron ore includes of a fluidizing prereduction chamber at an upper part of the prereduction furnace wherein iron ores are fed and prereduced, a gas blowing chamber at a lower part of the prereduction furnace wherein a reducing gas is fed, a ceramic main body of a distributor mounted between the fluidizing prereduction chamber and the gas blowing chamber, a metal box attached to the bottom side of the ceramic main body, which prevent adhesion of dust in the reducing gas, nozzles passing through the ceramic main body and through the metal box for injecting the reducing gas in the blowing chamber, into the prereduction chamber and a discharge pipe for discharging prereduced iron ores mounted at a bottom center portion of the prereduction chamber and extending through the ceramic main body, through the metal box, and through a bottom of the gas blowing chamber.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for the passivation of pyrophoric metals and especially of magnesium by coating with a passivation agent, wherein, as passivation agent, there is used 0.5 to 5% by weight of an s-triazine derivative and/or a guanidine, referred to the weight of the metal.The present invention also provides a passivated pyrophoric metal, wherein the metal particles are coated with 0.5 to 5% by weight of an s-triazine derivative and/or guanidine or a guanidine derivative, referred to the weight of the metal.

Abstract: A method of treating process gases by cooling the process gas in the reactor so as to bring the process gas into contact with fluidized solid particles which are separated from the process gas after treating and mainly recirculated back to the reactor, in which method the process gas to be treated is mixed either simultaneously or at a short interval with both recirculated solid particles and gas, which gas, at least partly, is process gas which has been treated and from which solid particles have been separated after treatment, and in which method at least one of the components, i.e. solid particles or gas, to be mixed with the treated gas is cooler than the process gas to be treated.

Abstract: The present invention provides (1) a process for producing a desulfurization agent which comprises subjecting to hydrogen reduction a copper oxide-zinc oxide mixture prepared by co-precipitation process using a copper compound and a zinc compound; and (2) a process for producing a high temperature-resistant, high grade desulfurization agent which comprises subjecting to hydrogen reduction a copper oxide-zinc oxide-aluminum oxide mixture prepared by a co-precipitation process using a copper compound, a zinc compound and an aluminum compound.