Abstract: A new austenitic stainless steel containing approximately 0.1-1.0 mass % of Si and not more than approximately 0.003 mass % of Al. Nonmetallic inclusions dispersed in a steel matrix are converted to MnO—SiO2—Al2O3 containing not less than approximately 15 mass % of SiO2 and not more than approximately 40 mass % of Al2O3. During steel making, molten steel is covered with basic slag and heavily deoxidized with a Si alloy whose Al content is controlled to not more than approximately 1.0 mass % in a vacuum or non-oxidizing atmosphere. The austenitic stainless steel sheet can be formed to an objective shape without the occurrence of cracking due to its decrease in susceptibility to cracking and its good formability.

Abstract: The additives, in particulate solid form, are conveyed pneumatically in a divergent stream from a pneumatic gun to impinge upon the molten iron and mix therewith. The gun is spaced above a surface of molten iron such that the pneumatically conveyed stream including the additive has a central axis which is either horizontal (or at an acute angle to the horizontal). The gun is prefereably adjustable for adjustment of the stream angle, and the stream may be either added to pouring metal or to cover a surface of the molten iron.

Abstract: A treatment agent and method to introduce magnesium into ferrous material. The treatment agent includes a mixture of high melting temperature particles and magnesium particles. The content of high melting temperature particles in the particle mixture is present in an effective amount to inhibit the complete conversion of the magnesium particles into molten magnesium prior to the magnesium particles entering the ferrous material. The method describes the efficient treatment of molten ferrous material with these particles.

Abstract: A process for blowing oxygen-containing gas, with and without solid material, on a metal melt in a metallurgical vessel, a process for generating a burner flame and corresponding devices. The inventive process and lance suitable for such process provides, without structural conversion and by a simple design, various different process steps in the treatment of metal melts in a metallurgical vessel while increasing the insertion rates of the individual media. This is accomplished using a multifunctional lance in which the process of blowing oxygen with and without solids, and the generation of a burner flame may be performed independently from one another. The individual supply lines are connected in a corresponding manner depending on the respective process step. In the process for blowing oxygen-containing gas, vibrations are excited in the gas flow in a relatively simple manner.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for feeding alloy additive and burden materials to the burden in a vertical shaft furnace working volume generally by gravity-feeding the alloy additive to the furnace tuyere for entrainment in the blast media and transfer to the burden, which improves the recovery rate of the charged additive components in the molten metal and, allows utilization of undersized materials without secondary handling and treatment of the feed materials or utilization of pneumatic feed apparatus.

Abstract: A method for desulfurizing molten pig-iron involving injecting a gas-evolving desulfurization agent which includes a calcium compound and a gas forming material comprising of a gas-producing compound, a slag-forming agent and magnesium.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the desulphurization treatment of a pig iron melt in a container. The characterizing feature of the invention is that the treatment is performed in three phases:In the initial phase such solids are injected that deoxidize the initial slag and increase its basicity and also produce a circulatory movement of the melt and form a basic deoxidized cover slag. In the middle phase the desulphurizing agent is injected for the main desulphurization and in the final phase such solids are injected that purify the melt and produce a final desulphurization and also so influence the desulphurization slag formed that its content of iron granules is low.

Abstract: The proposed method is characterized in that the liquid bath is constituted by the melt of low carbon steel and molten slag. Oxidation and reducing zones are created through which, along a closed path on the surface of the molten low-carbon steel, is circulated the molten slag, into which are blown powder slag materials which are melted with the heat of a fuel oxygen torch immersed into the melt. The melting is carried out in a melting reservoir shaped as a closed annular chamber (1) provided with partitions (11) hermetically dividing the gas space above the molten slag into oxidation (6) and reducing (7) zones.

Abstract: A consumable lance for simultaneously reheating and desulfurization of a molten metal bath includes an internal circuit for delivering oxygen below the slag metal interface and an external circuit for delivering a desulfurizing agent to the slag metal interface. Improved desulfurization and reheating results are achieved.

Abstract: A granular additive alloy designed for addition of calcium to molten steel to obtain maximum calcium effects with minimal additions, especially in steels which cannot tolerate the other elements commonly accompanying calcium additions. An alloy is described which contains a ratio of not more than 2.85:1 nor less than 0.35:1 calcium to aluminum, and can contain other reactive metals such as, but not limited to, rare earths, boron, titanium, and zirconium in amounts up to 40% by weight of the alloy. The preferred embodiment is an alloy with 60% by weight calcium and 40% by weight aluminum. The particles are intended to dissolve in the molten steel and form a boundary layer adjacent their surfaces. The particles are sized such that substantially all of the particle is consumed in the formation of this boundary layer, according to a given relationship based on the concentration of calcium and aluminum in the alloy.

Abstract: An apparatus for heating steel melts covered with a slag rich in iron oxide, and employed in particular for continuous steel making processes such as the KVA process, incorporates a height-adjustable injection lance for supplying metals which react exothermally with the melt and with the oxygen in the slag. The nozzle of the injection lance is adjustably arranged above the contents of the ladle so that it can be maintained in the zone of the melt/slag phase boundary.

Abstract: In a process for heating within a ladle (5) steel melts (10) being covered with a slag (8) rich in iron oxides, in particular for continuous steel production processes such as, for example, the KVA-process, thereby using metallothermal heat, there is (are) during filling the ladle (5), insufflated by an inert gas via nozzles (14) provided in the bottom (12) of the receiving ladle (5) for the mixture of bath and slag a metal, such as, for example, Al, Si, their mixtures or alloys, in particular FeSi, exothermically reacting with the oxygen of the bath and with the oxygen of the slag as well as, optionally, pulverulent slag formers, such as, for example, CaO, Al.sub.2 O.sub.3, MgO and/or SiO.sub.2.

Abstract: The efficiency of the use of desulfurizing agents, particularly calcium carbide- and calcium oxide-based desulfurizing agents, to decrease the sulfur content of molten iron is improved by adding a pulse of magnesium, aluminum or calcium metal at a critical concentration of sulfur and oxygen in the molten metal. The improved efficiency enables less desulfurization agent to be employed for the same residual sulfur concentration, with consequently decreased reaction time and costs.