Abstract: The invention relates an agent for treating molten metals, in particular for dephosphorizing pig iron melts, containing at least calcium oxide, optionally at least one other element in the elementary and/or bound state, selected from the group including alkali metals, alkaline earth metals or earth metals and bitumes in an amount between 1-30 wt.-% or a mineral oil and/or paraffin oil, in an amount between 1-25 wt. %. The agent is suitable, in particular, for treating pig iron melts, according to a mono-, co- or multi-injection method, but also for stirring, for example, according to the KR stirring method.

Abstract: A method to obtain a manganese steel alloy having a percentage weight of carbon varying from about 0.5% to about 2%, a percentage weight of manganese varying from about 10% to about 20%, and a percentage weight of titanium varying from about 0.01% to about 5%. The method comprises at lest a step wherein a determinate quantity of steel scarp with manganese or steel scarp with carbon is melted in order to define a metal bath, a step wherein, in order to deoxidize the metal bath a determinate percentage weight of aluminum is added, a step wherein a determinate percentage weight of nitrogen is added, a step wherein a determinate percentage weight of titanium is added, and a step wherein the metal bath is cast at a determinate temperature.

Abstract: A method of refining a ferroalloy includes the step of blowing molecular oxygen or a gas mixture including molecular oxygen into a melt of the ferroalloy. A metallurgically acceptable particulate material is introduced from above into the melt. The particulate material is carried into the melt in a first supersonic gas jet which travels to the melt shrouded by a second gas jet.

Abstract: A method of introducing a solid particulate reagent into a bath of metallurgical liquid comprises a step of introducing a solid particulate reagent into a main supersonic gas jet. The main supersonic gas jet is directed at the surface of the bath and is surrounded with a jet of shrouding gas, preferably of a burning hydrocarbon fluid fuel, provided at a supersonic velocity. The main supersonic gas jet is formed at a velocity which is in the range of minus 10% to plus 10% of the velocity at which the jet of shrouding gas is formed, preferably in the range of Mach 2 to 3.

Abstract: In a method for processing dusts or dust mixtures containing alkalis and heavy metals, such as, e.g., steelworks dusts, fine ores or blast furnace dusts, the dusts are charged onto or into, in particular top-blown on or blown into, a bath of molten metals and liquid oxidic slags. Volatile heavy metal compounds such as, e.g., Zn and/or Pb oxides are separated from the gaseous phase and alkalis are introduced into the slags.

Abstract: The additives, in particulate solid form, are conveyed pneumatically in a divergent stream from a pneumatic gun to impinge upon the molten iron and mix therewith. The gun is spaced above a surface of molten iron such that the pneumatically conveyed stream including the additive has a central axis which is either horizontal (or at an acute angle to the horizontal). The gun is prefereably adjustable for adjustment of the stream angle, and the stream may be either added to pouring metal or to cover a surface of the molten iron.

Abstract: A direct smelting process and a fixed, ie non-rotatable, metallurgical vessel for producing metal from a metalliferous feed material is disclosed. The process is a molten bath-based process which includes injecting solid feed materials with a carrier gas into the molten bath via one or more downwardly extending lance/tuyere (11) and causing gas flow from the molten bath at a flow rate of at least 0.30 Nm3/s/m2 at the interface between the metal layer (15) and the slag layer (16) of the molten bath (under quiescent conditions).

Abstract: A machine structure steel superior in chip disposability and mechanical properties which contains sulfide-type inclusions such that those particles of sulfide-type inclusions with major axes not shorter than 5 &mgr;m have an average aspect ratio not larger than 5.2 and which also contains coarse particles of sulfide-type inclusions such that the relation a/b≦0.25 is satisfied, where a denotes the number of particles of sulfide-type inclusions with major axes not shorter than 20 &mgr;m, and b denotes the number of particles of sulfide-type inclusions with major axes not shorter than 5 &mgr;m. The machine structure steel exhibits good chip disposability and mechanical properties despite its freedom from lead.

Abstract: A direct smelting process and a fixed, i.e. non-rotatable, metallurgical vessel for producing metal from a metalliferous feed material is disclosed. The process is a molten bath-based process which includes injecting solid feed materials with a carrier gas into the molten bath via one or more downwardly extending lance/tuyere (11) and causing gas flow from the molten bath at:a flow rate of at least 0.30 Nm3/s/m2 at the interface between the metal layer (15) and the slag layer (16) of the molten bath (under quiescent conditions).

Abstract: A treatment agent and method to introduce magnesium into ferrous material. The treatment agent includes a mixture of high melting temperature particles and magnesium particles. The content of high melting temperature particles in the particle mixture is present in an effective amount to inhibit the complete conversion of the magnesium particles into molten magnesium prior to the magnesium particles entering the ferrous material. The method describes the efficient treatment of molten ferrous material with these particles.

Abstract: A process for blowing oxygen-containing gas, with and without solid material, on a metal melt in a metallurgical vessel, a process for generating a burner flame and corresponding devices. The inventive process and lance suitable for such process provides, without structural conversion and by a simple design, various different process steps in the treatment of metal melts in a metallurgical vessel while increasing the insertion rates of the individual media. This is accomplished using a multifunctional lance in which the process of blowing oxygen with and without solids, and the generation of a burner flame may be performed independently from one another. The individual supply lines are connected in a corresponding manner depending on the respective process step. In the process for blowing oxygen-containing gas, vibrations are excited in the gas flow in a relatively simple manner.

Abstract: A method for desulfurizing molten pig-iron involving injecting a gas-evolving desulfurization agent which includes a calcium compound and a gas forming material comprising of a gas-producing compound, a slag-forming agent and magnesium.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the desulphurization treatment of a pig iron melt in a container. The characterizing feature of the invention is that the treatment is performed in three phases:In the initial phase such solids are injected that deoxidize the initial slag and increase its basicity and also produce a circulatory movement of the melt and form a basic deoxidized cover slag. In the middle phase the desulphurizing agent is injected for the main desulphurization and in the final phase such solids are injected that purify the melt and produce a final desulphurization and also so influence the desulphurization slag formed that its content of iron granules is low.

Abstract: A method for desulphurizing molten pig-iron involving injecting a gas-evolving desulphurizing agent which includes a calcium compound and a gas-forming material comprising of a liquid gas-producing compound absorbed in a porous slag-forming agent and at least 50% wt. magnesium.

Abstract: A method of injecting powdered material into converters or other metallurgical vessels equipped with at least one submerged tuyere and a gas flow line interconnecting the tuyere to a bustle pipe or other source for blowing converting gas into the tuyere comprises providing an injection pipe fitted into the tuyere at an acute angle, preferably about 20.degree. C., with respect to the centre line of the tuyere and intersecting the tuyere at a point downstream of the gas line flow line entrance, and introducing fluidized powdered material into the tuyere through such injection pipe.

Abstract: A consumable lance for simultaneously reheating and desulfurization of a molten metal bath includes an internal circuit for delivering oxygen below the slag metal interface and an external circuit for delivering a desulfurizing agent to the slag metal interface. Improved desulfurization and reheating results are achieved.

Abstract: A thermally stable refractory coating for iron-based piping and a method of forming the same is provided. The refractory coating comprises from about 30 to about 35 weight percent sodium silicate; from about 31 to about 36 weight percent course silica, about 80 to about 200 mesh; from about 12 to about 16 weight percent fine silica, about 325 to about 400 mesh; from about 1 to about 6 weight percent hydrated aluminum silicate clay; from about 1 to 4 weight percent graphite; from about 0.8 to about 0.9 weight percent sodium aluminate; and, from about 3 to about 5 weight percent magnetite M.S-200.The invention also concerns a method of forming the above-described coating on iron-based piping.

Abstract: For the metallurgical treatment of a molten metal bath (1) in a metallurgical smelting and refining vessel (3), additive substances (43) which are capable of flow, in particular lime, are supplied in a granular to dust state, at least during a part of the refining phase, to the upper region of the inward side (15') of the vessel wall (11), distributed around the periphery thereof. At the vessel wall (11) the additive substances (43) form a barrier or protective layer which reduces the energy losses and increases the service life of the vessel (3).

Abstract: A apparatus is disclosed which is utilized for treatment of molten metal contained in a vessel by injection of powdered reagent below the surface of the molten metal which includes an elongated lance body containing longitudinal conduits for delivery of the powdered reagent below the surface of the molten metal, a first and second reagent supply device and a control device which independently regulates the flow of the reagent in a pressure stream of gases through the conduits. The first and second reagent supply device provides the reagent which is injected into a pressure stream by the control device. Each of the flows through the conduits are regulated independent of one another in order to prevent clogging of the exit ports of the conduits while eliminating any splash and turbulence.

Abstract: For the procedure a gas, heated to at least 1000 degrees Celsius, preferably even beyond the liquid temperature of the melt, is blown into the discharge opening (26). In this manner freezing problems and deposits in the discharge opening can be largely prevented. The pouring sleeve (20) according to the invention has a gas supply line (21), leading into a gas permeable insert (23) surrounding the opening (26), which is led for a certain length along the upper range of the sleeve (20) which is in contact with the melt, for the purpose of heating the gas.

Abstract: The present invention provides an agent for the introduction of nitrogen into cast iron, wherein it contains or consists of at least 50% by weight of at least one nitrogen-containing compound with an N--C--N structure and/or a mixture of calcium cyanamide with nitrides of silicon, ferrosilicon, manganese and chromium.The present invention also provides a process for the introduction of nitrogen into cast iron using this agent.

Abstract: Disclosed are an improved method of refining steel and an apparatus for practicing the method.The refining method comprises, basically, carrying out the refining, particularly, decarburization, while stirring molten steel in the refining furnace by injecting gas thereinto, while supplying heat with a burner installed at the top of the furnace to the molten steel. According to this method, it is possible to start at an initial carbon content of the moltend steel lower than that of known AOD process, and complete the refining in a curtailed period of time and with a decreased oxidation loss of Cr. Thus, damage of refractory materials of the furnace is reduced, and the amount of Si necessary for reducing Cr-oxides in the latter stage of the refining is also reduced.Oxygen for the decarburization is supplied usually in the form of gas, but can be supplied from a solid oxygen source.