Abstract: The invention relates to an immersion device and a method for detecting a position of an optical cored wire using an immersion device. An immersion device for measuring a temperature of a metal melt inside an electric arc furnace vessel with an optical cored wire comprises a blowing lance for blowing purge gas into an entry point to the vessel and a detecting means for detecting a position of the optical cored wire. The optical cored wire can be moved in a feeding channel and/or in the blowing lance relative to the entry point. The detecting means is configured to detect the presence of the optical cored wire in or close to the blowing lance. This enables short distances between the leading end of the fiber and the melt and, thus, short time intervals between temperature measurement sequences.

Abstract: Low-oxygen clean steel is provided containing C, Si, Mn, P, and S as chemical components, and further containing, by mass %, 0.005% to 0.20% of Al, greater than 0% to 0.0005% of Ca, 0.00005% to 0.0004% of REM, and greater than 0% to 0.003% of T.O, wherein the REM content, the Ca content, and the T.O content satisfy 0.15?REM/Ca?4.00 and Ca/T.O?0.50, nonmetallic inclusions which have a maximum predicted diameter of 1 ?m to 30 ?m measured using an extreme value statistical method under the condition in which a prediction area is 30,000 mm2, and contain Al2O3 and REM oxide are dispersed in the steel, an average proportion of the Al2O3 in the nonmetallic inclusions is greater than 50%, the REM is one or two or more of rare-earth elements La, Ce, Pr, and Nd, and the steel is Al-deoxidized steel or Al—Si-deoxidized steel.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for controlling extremely low Ti in extra low carbon AlSi-killed steel, the weight percentage of the chemical composition of the extra low carbon AlSi-killed steel comprising: C?0.005%, Si: 0.1-3.4%, Mn: 0.1-0.5%, P?0.2%, S?0.002%, Al: 0-1.2%, N?0.005%, Ti?0.0015 and a balance substantially being Fe and inevitable impurities; the liquid steel having said chemical composition is obtained by hot metal preprocessing, smelting, retained RH smelting and ingoting, wherein the top ladle slag is modified, and calcium-aluminum based modifier of 0.6-1.7 kg/t steel are added, so as to ensure a controlling demand that when refined RH decarburization is over, the content of T.Fe in top ladle slag composition ?5%, the content of Al2O3?23%; when refined RH decarburization is over, ferrosilicon, ferroaluminum or ferromanganese is employed to perform deoxide and alloying, then perform a deep desulfurization, and desulfurizing efficiency is 50% to 70%.

Abstract: Chrome-containing molten iron and slag are to be obtained in an electric furnace operation using CaF2-free slag. In order to reduce and collect chrome from the slag while simultaneously promoting desulfurization of molten iron, a chrome-containing molten iron produced in an electric furnace and having a Cr content of from 8.0 to 35.0% by mass, and a CaF2-free electric furnace slag formed during the molten iron production, including Cr2O3, SiO2 and CaO as the constituent components and having a basicity CaO/SiO2 of from 0.7 to 1.7, are mechanically stirred with an impeller in a refining vessel. A metal Al-containing substance and CaO are put into the vessel before the end of stirring to thereby control the basicity of the slag after the end of stirring to at least 1.

Abstract: A method to obtain a manganese steel alloy having a percentage weight of carbon varying from about 0.5% to about 2%, a percentage weight of manganese varying from about 10% to about 20%, and a percentage weight of titanium varying from about 0.01% to about 5%. The method comprises at lest a step wherein a determinate quantity of steel scarp with manganese or steel scarp with carbon is melted in order to define a metal bath, a step wherein, in order to deoxidize the metal bath a determinate percentage weight of aluminum is added, a step wherein a determinate percentage weight of nitrogen is added, a step wherein a determinate percentage weight of titanium is added, and a step wherein the metal bath is cast at a determinate temperature.

Abstract: A method is provided for influencing the properties of cast iron by adding magnesium to the cast iron melt and measuring the oxygen content of the cast iron melt. Magnesium is added to the cast iron melt until the oxygen content of the cast iron melt is approximately 0.005 to 0.2 ppm at a temperature of approximately 1,420° C. A sensor for measuring the oxygen content in cast iron melts contains an electrochemical measuring cell containing a solid electrolyte tube.

Abstract: A metallurgical method for refining grains of steel includes adding aluminum into molten steel obtained from a secondary refining process. Aluminum reacts with oxygen and sulfur in the molten steel to reduce the total oxygen content in the molten steel to 15-120 ppm, to reduce a sulfur content in the molten steel to 15-150 ppm, and to produce aluminum oxide, obtaining cleaner molten steel. Magnesium is added into the cleaner molten steel and reacts with oxygen, sulfur, and aluminum oxide in the cleaner molten steel to reduce the total oxygen content in the molten steel to 10-60 ppm, to reduce the sulfur content in the molten steel to 5-100 ppm, and to produce inclusions including magnesium oxide, magnesium sulfide, and magnesium-aluminum spinel. Precipitates of the inclusions can serve as crystalline cores in a subsequent crystallization process to obtain fine-grained steel.

Abstract: A method of inoculating magnesium (Mg) on compacted graphite iron (CGI) comprises: providing a partition having a predetermined height on the bottom of a ladle so as to divide the interior of the ladle into a first space and a second space; laminating an Mg inoculant and a cover in order in the second space; and tapping liquid CGI cast iron onto the first space, whereby the Mg inoculant becomes in contact with the liquid CGI iron after the liquid CGI tapped onto the first space goes over the partition toward the second space and after the cover is melted by the liquid CGI. According to the method, the deviation of density of Mg is minimized, and a secondary inoculating process can thus be omitted.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a ferritic stainless steel containing an ultra low level of carbon concentration in molten steel within time shorter than existing technology by controlling content, appropriate composition, and liquid-state fraction, etc., of Cr2 O3 in slag to maximize vacuum decarburization refining efficiency, the method comprising: tapping molten steel to a ladle in a non-deoxidized state after pre-decarburization and denitrification in an ARGON OXYGEN DECARBURIZATION refining furnace and then removing non-deoxidized slag; placing the ladle in a vacuum furnace, reducing pressure and then blowing-in oxygen gas from the upper of the molten steel through a lance; creating Al2 O3 by injecting Al at point of time of beginning of oxygen blowing; forming CaO—Al2 O3 —Cr2 O3 —MgO-based slag by injecting calcium oxide at point of time of completion of the oxygen blowing; and supplying inert gas through a porous plug on a bottom of the ladle.

Abstract: A dual outlet injector is disclosed for use in a dual lance or dual port desulfurization station, whereby reagent from a given injector vessel may be injected into two separate supply pipes respectively corresponding to the dual lances or dual ports. The dual outlet injector enables a desulfurization station to be configured comprising only one supply vessel for powdered magnesium reagent and only one supply vessel for a carrier reagent such as powdered lime.

Abstract: Molten steel is refined in an electric furnace by using iron scrap as a main iron source, and is tapped into a separate refining vessel. Thereafter, metallic-Al containing material and CaO are added onto a bath surface of the molten steel, and an oxygen containing gas is supplied to the molten steel. Thereby, a nitrogen-removal reaction utilizing an AlN formation reaction is caused to proceed. Consequently, even in the case of molten steel having a low carbon content, a low-nitrogen steel can be refined and produced at low costs.

Abstract: A steel having few alumina clusters prepared by casting liquid steel deoxidized with Al, with the addition of one or more rare-earth metals (REM) selected from the group of Ce, La, Pr and Nd in which: (a) The REM-oxide-content in oxide-based inclusions consisting mainly of alumina and REM-oxides is 0.5 to 15 mass % of said oxide-based inclusions, or (b) The mass ratio of total REM to total oxygen (T.O.), REM/T.O., in liquid steel is not less than 0.05 and not more than 0.5, in addition to (a), or (c) The total REM-content is not less than 0.1 ppm and less than 10 ppm and the dissolved-REM-content is less than 1 ppm.

Abstract: A method for producing a steel ingot, which comprises an Mg oxide forming step of preparing a molten steel containing Mg in an amount sufficient for the molten steel to have an oxide composition having MgO as a primary component and a dissociation step of keeping the pressure of the atmosphere around the molten steel to be lower than that in the Mg oxide forming step, to thereby dissociate MgO to Mg and oxygen and reduce the content of Mg in the steel to 50% or less of that in the Mg oxide forming step through the diffusion thereof into a gas phase. A preferred method further involves a solidifying step.

Abstract: A duplex stainless steel containing C, Si, Mn, P, S, Al, Ni, Cr, Mo, N (nitrogen, O (oxygen), Ca, Mg, Cu, B, and W, and the balance Fe and impurities, where a number of oxide-based inclusions, which have a total content of Ca and Mg of 20 to 40% by mass and also have a long diameter of not less than 7 ?m, is not more than a 10 per 1 mm2 of the cross section perpendicular to the working direction, or further, the number of oxide-based inclusions, which have a content of S of not less than 15% by mass and also have a long diameter of not less than 1 ?m, is not more than 10 per 0.1 mm2 of the cross section perpendicular to the working direction. Particularly, the contents of Cu, B and W are desirably 0.2 to 2%, 0.001 to 0.01%, and 0.1 to 4% by mass, respectively.

Abstract: A method and composition for removing sulfur from molten ferrous material, particularly molten iron. The desulfurization agent includes reclaimed magnesium scrap, a gas-producing compound and a calcium compound.

Abstract: A technique for producing compacted graphite iron utilizes agglomerations, such as briquettes or tablets that include a sulfur-containing material such as iron sulfide. The agglomerations are free of chemical binders and utilize iron and aluminum metal powders and pressure for compaction on either roll presses or tablet machines. Addition of metal powders provides rapid dissolution of the alloy and improved heat transfer. Iron sulfide agglomerations also provide consistent and improved sulfur recoveries compared to granulated iron sulfide additions with little to no sulfur odor.

Abstract: According to this treatment, calcium is added to ultra low molten steel or low carbon which is aluminum killed (or in the course of being killed) in order to form non-metallic deoxidation inclusions that have a melting point which is below the casting temperature; the molten metal is maintained in the chain of treatment ranging from the ladle refining installation to the copper mold with a low minimum low magnesium content of approximately 2 ppm. The inventive method increases the scope of fusibility of the inclusionary population of steels, thereby improving the castability of high aluminum-killed ultra low carbon grades without the need for argon bubbling.

Abstract: Metallic particles capable of causing iron or other desired first metal to break free from its oxide are coated with a refractory that inhibits incineration of the metallic particles. The coated metallic particles are added to the molten metal bath as a means for treating the molten metal bath by increasing the yield of the first metal from the bath.

Abstract: Deoxidizing compositions and two-stage methods for deoxidizing molten steel produce purer steel products, at lower cost, than traditional aluminum and silicon-based deoxidation technologies. A first deoxidizing composition is free from elemental aluminum and reduces oxygen content primarily by the conversion of carbon to carbon monoxide, along with the conversion of silicon to silica. A subsequently-added second deoxidizing composition lowers the oxygen content to a highly desirable level, with the production of substantially less alumina impurities than the prior art technologies.

Abstract: A process for producing a high-cleanliness steel is provided which can produce, without relying upon a high-cost remelting process, steel products having cleanliness high enough to satisfy requirements for properties of mechanical parts used under severer environmental conditions. The production process comprises the steps of: transferring a molten steel produced in an arc melting furnace or a converter to a ladle furnace to refine the molten steel; subjecting the molten steel to circulation-type degassing; and casting the molten steel into an ingot, wherein, in transferring the molten steel to the ladle furnace, a deoxidizer including aluminum and silicon, is added to previously deoxidize the molten steel, that is, to perform tapping deoxidation before refining in the ladle refining furnace.

Abstract: A machine structure steel superior in chip disposability and mechanical properties which contains sulfide-type inclusions such that those particles of sulfide-type inclusions with major axes not shorter than 5 &mgr;m have an average aspect ratio not larger than 5.2 and which also contains coarse particles of sulfide-type inclusions such that the relation a/b≦0.25 is satisfied, where a denotes the number of particles of sulfide-type inclusions with major axes not shorter than 20 &mgr;m, and b denotes the number of particles of sulfide-type inclusions with major axes not shorter than 5 &mgr;m. The machine structure steel exhibits good chip disposability and mechanical properties despite its freedom from lead.

Abstract: A cast steel with excellent workability, characterized in that not less than 60% of the total cross section thereof is occupied by equiaxed crystals, the diameters (mm) of which satisfy the following formula: D<1.2X1/3+0.75, wherein D designates each diameter (mm) of equiaxed crystals in terms of internal structure in which the crystal orientations are identical, and X the distance (mm) from the surface of the cast steel. The cast steel and the steel material obtained by processing the cast steel have very few surface flaws and internal defects.

Abstract: A method and composition for removing sulfur from molten ferrous material, particularly molten pig iron. The desulfurization agent includes a magnesium particle coated with a heat absorbing compound. The heat absorbing compound absorbs heat around the magnesium particle to reduce the rate the magnesium particle vaporizes in the molten iron. The particle size of the magnesium particle is at least about twice the particle size of the heat absorbing compound. A bonding agent can be used to bond the particles of the heat absorbing compound to the particle of magnesium.

Abstract: A particulate carrier material for use with particulate passivated magnesium for injection into molten iron to desulfurize the iron, improve characteristics of the slag and increase iron yield. Material flow of a transport gas and the carrier material is established in a lance prior to inserting the lance into a ladle-contained molten iron, then following insertion the passivated magnesium is added to the material flow. A second embodiment of the invention for iron desulfurization, blends the carrier material and passivated magnesium into a single desulfurization agent. In both embodiments the particulate magnesium is 14-20 mesh with the remaining particulate material being about 200 mesh. The composition of the carrier material is 54-74% calcium oxide, 19-32% aluminum oxide, no more than 4% magnesium oxide, no more than 10% calcium fluoride, no more than 2.5% silicon dioxide, no more than 1.0% iron oxide, no more than 0.025% phosphorus pentoxide, no more than 0.025% titanium dioxide, no more than 0.

Abstract: A process of producing magnesium-treated iron such as spheroidal graphite iron (SGI), compacted graphite cast iron (CGI) containing inclusions that deform plastically during machining, said process comprising the steps of: a) producing base iron; b) desulfurizating the base iron produced in step a) with a magnesium free reagent, if it is sulfur concentration exceeds 0.02 % (wt.); c) controlling the oxygen potential and temperature of the base iron to facilitate silicon control of oxygen, if the amount of oxygen exceeds 10 ppm; d) adding aluminum, calcium and/or calcium-containing oxides to the base iron in amounts designed to form dicalcium aluminate deoxidation product or low melting point calcium aluminum silicate deoxidation product; e) treating the base iron with magnesium containing inoculant to attain desired condition for desired nodularity; and f) continuing the process of producing magnesium-treated iron in a per se known manner.

Abstract: A carbon or low-alloy steel is provided with improved machinability. The carbon content of the steel is less than 1.5% and the sum of the alloy elements contained therein is less than 9%. The steel contains oxide and sulfide inclusions, and the chemical composition of the steel includes 0.1%≦Mn, 0.01%≦Al≦0.05%, 0.025%≦S≦0.3%, 0.002%≦Ca, O≦0.0015% by weight; the “KO oxides” cleanness index is less than 30, all the oxides are lime aluminates, and the average calcium content of type 2, type 3, type 4 and type 5 inclusions is less than 30%. A process of manufacturing such steel and an oxide-core wire for its manufacture are also provided.

Abstract: A method and composition for removing sulfur from molten ferrous material, particularly molten pig iron. The desulfurization agent includes a magnesium particle coated with a heat absorbing compound. The heat absorbing compound absorbs heat around the magnesium particle to reduce the rate the magnesium particle vaporizes in the molten iron. The particle size of the magnesium particle is at least about twice the particle size of the heat absorbing compound. A bonding agent can be used to bond the particles of the heat absorbing compound to the particle of magnesium.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process to minimize metallic aluminum fines loss to parasitic reactions during their introduction into the tap stream of molten steel from Basic Oxygen Furnaces or Electric Arc Furnaces in the ladle, or at the secondary steelmaking vessel, by premixing oxide-free steel or iron fines, prior to briquetting, increasing the apparent density of the aluminum-containing briquette thereby decreasing its flotation into the highly oxidized slag and minimizing the aluminum losses and increasing predictability in the molten steel properties.

Abstract: A non-metallic product (NMP) substantially free of metallic aluminum and aluminum nitride which is utilized for making calcium aluminate.

Abstract: An alloy of Al and two or more of Ca, Mg and REM is added as a deoxidizing agent to molten steel, and the amount of Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 in the resulting inclusion is adjusted to a range of 30-85 wt % to obtain an alumina cluster-free Al-killed steel.

Abstract: The invention relates to an inoculant for the manufacture of cast iron with lamellar, compacted or spheroidal graphite. The inoculant comprises between 40 and 80% by weight of silicon, between 0.5 and 10% by weight of calcium and/or strontium and/or barium, between 0 and 10% by weight of cerium and/or lanthanum, between 0 and 5% by weight of magnesium, less than 5% by weight of aluminium, between 0 and 10% by weight of manganese and/or titanium and/or zirconium, between 0.5 and 10% by weight of oxygen in the form of one or more metal oxides, the balance being iron, said inoculant further comprising between 0,1 and 10% by weight of sulphur in the form of one or more metal sulphides. The invention further relates to a method for the production of the inoculant.

Abstract: This invention covers the method and equipment for the continuous or discontinuous addition of reaction/inoculation materials necessary for desulphurization or the production of ductile iron obtainable during the passage of the base iron through a basin containing the chamber for melting, vaporizing and distributing the reaction-inoculation materials into the melt (e.g. magnesium vapor-Ferrum Silicon). The treatment can be conducted continuously for unlimited or freely definable quantities of iron.

Abstract: An additive for the deoxidation of molten steel comprised of between 35 and 65 percent by weight aluminum, between 5 and 15 percent by weight silicon, and between 20 and 40 percent by weight manganese.

Abstract: A process and an apparatus for removal of silicon, manganese, carbon and sulphur in a single reaction vessel from molten high carbon ferrous metal by conducting the highly reducing and highly oxidizing reactions at two different locations within the same reaction vessel. The removal of sulphur is effected at the bottom of the vessel, whereas the removal of manganese silicon and carbon is effected at the top layer of the molten layer of the molten metal where slag is present.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for desulphurization of a pig iron melt for further processing wherein the melt is brought into close contact with a ground solid slag. As desulphurizing agent, the slag accumulating in secondary steelmaking with a basicity of at least 4, an iron content in the range of 4 to 6 wt.-% and a phosphorous content in the range .ltoreq.0.4 wt.-%, is used in ground form or the slag is used together with calcium carbide and magnesium as a solid mixture in ground form.

Abstract: A plastic industry prototype mold and steel therefor having machining speed and weldability characteristics competitive with aluminum alloys, and a method of manufacture thereof, said composition containing C 0.05-0.35, Mn .50-1.50, P 0.025.times., S 0.100.times., Si 0.50.times., Ni 0.35-0.75, Mo 0.30-0.70, Cu 0.75-1.50, Al 0.20.times. and Fe bal.

Abstract: The present invention is concerned with a process for the preparation of sintered calcium aluminates that can generally be used as a protective cover for liquid metals, and particularly steel, and the process comprising the steps of mixing calcium oxide, or its precursor, particles and aluminum dross residue, such as NOVAL.TM.; calcining the resulting mixture; maintaining a calcining temperature of 1200.degree. C. or higher for approximately 5 minutes or more which is sufficient to form a friable sintered product rich in calcium aluminates; and recovering the sintered product after cooling. Optionally, calcium fluoride, or other fluoride can be added to the starting mixture, if it is not already contained in the dross residue.

Abstract: A method of disposing of a fiber reinforced aluminum alloy composite, which comprises putting an aluminum alloy composite reinforced with inorganic short fibers into a molten steel in the deoxidizing process for steel production.

Abstract: A molten metal filter is disclosed having a carbon or carbon-thermite coating that reduces thermal shock to the filter, and protects the filter from corrosion from the metal or components and impurities in the metal, and prevents metal from freezing in the filter. A molten metal assembly suitable for casting molten metal is disclosed which comprises a filter for molten metal and means for molten metal flow passage leading through the filter. The means have surfaces defining a molten metal path. The filter has a coating of carbon or carbon in intimate contact with a thermite material on the surface of the filter. A process is disclosed for filtering molten metal which comprises passing molten metal through the above described coated filter.

Abstract: The invention contemplates smelting in a steelmaking unit a carbon-containing semiproduct, tapping it into a ladle, supplying to the ladle slag-forming materials, a reducer and thermally pretreated oxide materials containing alloying elements. The supply of said oxide materials is started after the tapping of the carbon-containing semiproduct in an amount of minimum 0.25 and maximum 0.5 by mass thereof, is carried out during the tapping of this semiproduct and completed before completing the tapping of the carbon-containing semiproduct. The supply of a reducer is carried out after the supply of said oxide materials and is completed before the end of the tapping of the carbon-containing semiproduct.

Abstract: A method of producing a low-carbon iron material to cover an explosive charge and the iron material produced by same wherein the molten raw iron material is refined to produce a dissolved carbon content in the iron material of less than 0.01 wieght percent, the refined iron material is cast in a deoxidized state, and a homogeneous structure of the material is set by high temperature reshaping of the casting at a temperature greater than 880.degree. C. to produce a material grain size of less than 100 .mu.m.

Abstract: A lime-based injection powder for use in steel-refining, having excellent waterproofing and desulphurization effects, consists of (a) more than 65% by weight of calcium oxide, (b) less than 30% by weight of fluorite, and 5-10% by weight of Al powder, 5%-7% by weight of the calcium oxide being converted into CaCO3 by reacting the calcium oxide with carbon dioxide in a multi-stage fluidized bed reactor.

Abstract: To produce deoxidized steel by the addition of deoxidizing agents to molten crude steel having an oxygen content of at least 200 ppm and the subsequent addition of alloying agents, the deoxidation is realized at least partially under the formation of liquid deoxidation products by the simultaneous addition of the two deoxidizing agents FeSi and FeMn. The method according to the invention ensures a great analytical precision of the steel and is not limited to the production of certain steels.

Abstract: A soft steel for machine cutting with high machinability performances having a content of C.ltoreq.0.25%, a content of Mn of 0.8 to 1.5%, a content of P of .ltoreq.0.1%, a content of S of 0.15 to 0.40%, and a content of Si of 0.05 to 0.40%, expressed in percentages by weight. After finishing of the metal, the inclusions of manganese sulfide are surrounded by a plastic oxide layer of an average composition SiO.sub.2 : 35 to 45%; Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 : 10 to 20%; CaO: 15 to 25%; MnO: 10 to 20%. In producing this grade, after the addition of silicon and manganese, the liquid metal is agitated in the presence of a slag of a composition CaO: 20 to 55%; SiO.sub.2 : 35 to 65%; Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 : 15 to 40%; with a CaO %/SiO.sub.2 % ratio of about 1.

Abstract: A process for continuously melting steel from largely already reduced iron containing material such as pig iron and/or scrap iron, in which process the melt is poured into a ladle for performing subsequent metallurgical steps. The metallurgical slag is, by adding flux, adjusted to20-77.2% FeO, preferably 25.7-50% FeO10-30% SiO.sub.22-15% Al.sub.2 O.sub.35-20% MgO0.13-6.45% MnO, perferably 0.5-5% MnO1-10% CaO0.1-5% Cr.sub.2 O.sub.3P+S traces.

Abstract: A process for treating molten cast iron with pure magnesium wherein a granular mixture of magnesium granules admixed with granules of refractory material is flooded with molten iron. By employing granular refractory material of controlled size in the granular mixture, the rate of absorption of magnesium into the iron melt may be effectively controlled so as to optimize magnesium introduction at minimal costs.

Abstract: An article of manufacture is provided in the form of a composite pig comprising a matrix of a ferro-aluminum alloy containing over about 55% and ranging up to about 75% aluminum and the balance essentially iron, the matrix alloy having distributed therethrough pieces of iron or steel in an amount sufficient to provide an overall pig composition of about 25% to 55% aluminum and the balance iron, including a densith of at least about 5 gr/cm.sup.3. The composite pig has particular use as a deoxidation agent for steel.