Abstract: A carpet cleaning composition is disclosed. The composition contains, on a weight-to-weight basis,a. about 0.30 to 2.2 percent of hydrogen peroxide;b. from about 0.05 to about 5.0 percent of a nonionic, anionic or amphoteric surfactant or mixture thereof; andc. a pH in the range above 3.5 and below 6.4.

Abstract: A paste-form bleaching preparation containing 50 to 65% by weight perborate monohydrate in a liquid medium which consists predominantly or completely of addition products of ethylene oxide and long-chain saturated alcohols.

Abstract: In a process for chlorine-free bleaching of cellulose with an .alpha.-cellulose content of more than 90%, preferably from boiled cotton linters, more than 75% whiteness is achieved in a single-stage process using oxygen. The bleaching is conducted using the oxygen obtained by disproportionation of peroxo compounds in the pH range from 6 to 13 and with the bleaching time, depending on the bleaching temperature of 35.degree. C. to 15.degree. C., being between 15 and 150 minutes.

Abstract: A composition, bleaching agent, bleaching element, method for making a bleaching element and a method for intentionally distressing fabric, typically blue indigo denim cloth. The disclosed composition includes a mixture of an oxidizer and an acid that eliminates or substantially reduces yellowing of the fabric after acid washing. The preferred oxidizer is preferably selected from the group consisting of potassium permanganate, sodium permanganate and sodium hypochlorite. The preferred acid is an acid such as phosphoric acid. A bleaching element made in accordance with the present invention includes an abrading device impregnated with the composition of the present invention. The method for intentionally distressing fabric such as denim includes the step of tumbling or otherwise subjecting the fabric to a bleaching element made in accordance with the invention. The disclosed invention further includes a finished garment treated by the disclosed method for intentionally distressing fabric.

Abstract: A bleaching/cleaning composition is provided that includes a surfactant, a peroxy bleach compound and a ligand L which is a macrocyclic organic compound of formula: ##STR1## wherein: t is an integer from 2 to 3;s is an integer from 3 to 4;R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are each independently hydrogen, alkyl, aryl or a substituted alkyl or aryl.The preferred ligand is 1,4,7-trimethyl-1,4,7-triazacyclononane.

Abstract: Jeans are bleached by rotating glass-expandable ceramics having a bulk specific gravity of 0.7 to 1.2, a 24 hour water absorption of not greater than 5% and the maximum diameter of not greater than 150 mm, water and jeans in a rotary tank. Further jeans are bleached by rotating an air-permeable ceramic porous material having a bulk specific gravity of 0.7 to 1.9, a 24 hour water absorption of 10 to 40% and the maximum diameter of not greater than 150 mm, water and jeans in a rotary tank. In this case, the air-permeable ceramic porous material may also be immersed in a bleaching agent solution.

Abstract: A perhydrolysis system or activated oxidant system for in situ generation of peracid in aqueous solutions is disclosed including an esterase or lipase enzyme, a source of hydrogen peroxide, and a functionalized ester substrate having the structure ##STR1## wherein R is a substituent having at least one carbon atom and X is a functional moiety or group. Preferred substrates include glycerides, ethylene glycol derivatives and propylene glycol derivatives. The system is adapted for use in both high and low temperature wash conditions. In one embodiment, a lipase enzyme is employed with an insoluble substrate and an emulsifying agent. In another embodiment, an esterase and/or lipase enzyme, a glyceride substrate and hydrogen peroxide produce a peracid with active oxygen from a peracid of at least about 0.5 ppm. Bleaching processes and stain removal capabilities are also disclosed.

Abstract: Amino-derivative (poly)peroxycarboxylic acids which have the formula: ##STR1## wherein the symbols have the following meanings: R, R.sub.1, and R.sub.2, which may be equal to or different from one another, represent hydrogen atoms, alkyl groups or groups selected from R, R.sub.1 and R.sub.2, which taken together with the nitrogen atom to which they are linked, give rise to an aliphatic heterocyclic group, all of them being optionally substituted;A represents a (cyclo) alkylene group, an arylene group which may also be condensed with cycloaliphatic groups, a cycloalkylene-alkylene or an alkylene-cycloalkylene group, an arylene-alkylene or an alkylene-arylene group, which may be condensed with cyclo-aliphatic groups, wherein said alkylene group may also be interrupted by --CONR.sub.3 groups, wherein R.sub.3 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl or aryl group;X- represents HSO.sub.4.sup.- or CH.sub.3 SO.sub.3.sup.- ;a process for their preparation; and their use as bleaching agents.

Abstract: Heterocyclic compounds which are useful as bleach activators or optical brighteners in washing and cleaning agents have the formula ##STR1## where the variables have the following meanings: X is O, S or the group N--R.sup.3, where R.sup.3 is hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.25 -alkyll C.sub.1 -C.sub.25 -acyl or an aryl group of up to12 carbon atoms,Y is CH or N,R.sup.1 for X=S or N--R.sup.3 is hydrogen, a C.sub.1 -C.sub.25 -alkyl or C.sub.2 -C.sub.25 -alkenyl group or a phenyl radical which may be additionally substituted by one or two C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkoxy, hydroxyl, carboxyl, sulfo, amino, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -acylamino, nitro or cyano groups or chlorine or bromine atoms, which substituents, if there are two of them, may be identical or different,R.sup.1 for X=O is phenyl, o-, m- or p-tolyl, p-chlorophenyl, m-nitrophenyl, m-methoxyphenyl or m-methylsulfonylphenyl,R.sup.2 for X=S or N--R.sup.3 is hydrogen, a C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.

Abstract: Aqueous soft surface cleaning compositions comprising from about 0.1% to about 5.0% by wt. of a tertiary alkyl hydroperoxide; and from about 99.9% to about 95% by wt. of an aqueous alkaline cleaning composition comprising acetylenic alcohol and an anionic surfactant, which are stable, color-safe and produce satisfactory cleaning results, especially in removing red wine, grape juice, blueberry and blood stains from carpeting.

Abstract: 2,5-diacyloxy-2,5-dihydrofurans corresponding to formula (I) ##STR1## wherein R is a C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 alkyl radical or a phenyl radical are useful as activators for inorganic per compounds in oxidizing, cleaning or disinfecting solutions.

Abstract: An amido peroxyacid compound is provided having the formula: ##STR1## wherein R is selected from the group consisting of C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 alkylene, C.sub.5 -C.sub.12 cycloalkylene, C.sub.6 -C.sub.12 arylene and radical combinations thereof;R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are independently selected from the group consisting of H, C.sub.1 -C.sub.16 alkyl and C.sub.6 -C.sub.12 aryl radicals and a radical that can form a C.sub.3 -C.sub.12 ring together with R.sup.3 and both nitrogens;R.sup.3 is selected from the group consisting of C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 alkylene, C.sub.5 -C.sub.12 cycloalkylene and C.sub.6 -C.sub.12 arylene radicals, and provided when R.sup.3 is arylene and when n' and m' are each zero, R is other than C.sub.5 alkylene;n and n' each are an integer chosen such that the sum thereof is 1;m and m' each are an integer chosen such that the sum thereof is 1; andM is selected from the group consisting of H, alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, ammonium, alkanolammonium cations and radicals and combinations thereof.

Abstract: A process for creating decolorized areas in dyed fabric, the process comprising the step of contacting wet dyed fabric with a pelletized decolorizing agent and optionally also including quenching the active decolorant present in the decolorizing pellet with a decolorant neutralizer.

Abstract: The invention provides a new sub-class or organic peroxyacids comprising N-alkyl substituted peroxytrimellitimide of formula (I) in which R=hydrogen or linear or branched alkyl, which demonstrates an excellent combination of safe-handling and bleach performance rendering the sub-class particularly suitable for use as bleach and/or disinfectant in various bleach, bleach additive or washing compositions. Effective bleaching peroxyacids include those in which R=n propyl, iso-propyl, n butyl, sec-butyl, n pentyl and n heptyl. The invention also comprises processes for making the peroxyacids, compositions containing them and processes for washing and/or bleaching and/or disinfecting employing the invention peroxyacids or compositions containing them.

Abstract: The present invention is drawn to new processes for sequential oxidative and reductive bleaching and dyeing of fibers (e.g. natural, synthetic, or blends thereof) e.g. in a single bath, which provide superior bleaching with less physical damage and therefore improved dyeing. Said processes comprising the steps of: (1) bleaching fibers with hydrogen peroxide; (2) adding either, (a) a material which combines with hydrogen peroxide to form a reductive bleaching agent, or (b) an inactivating material to inactivate unspent hydrogen peroxide with subsequent addition of a reductive bleaching agent; (3) reductively bleaching the already oxidatively bleached fibers; (4) adding an oxidizing material in an amount at least sufficient to oxide excess reductive bleaching agent; and (5) dyeing of the bleached fibers. Also encompassed by the present invention are novel bleached and dyed fibers produced by the aforementioned processes, having highly advantageous and desirable properties.

Abstract: A process for selectively decolorizing a fabric containing cellulosic material oxidizable colorants which comprises the steps of wetting the fabric and then contacting the wetted fabric with an oxidizing gas or vapor. The contact with the oxidizing gas or vapor is terminated before any substantial degradation of the fabric occurs.

Abstract: A method to remove stubborn stains that includes application of an ammonium salt in combination with a peroxide. In the preferred embodiment, the stain removing solution contains ammonium bicarbonate and peroxide. A major advantage of the method is that the solution is strong enough to remove coffee and tea stains yet sufficiently mild that it does not damage the carpet or pose a significant health hazard to the person treating the stain.

Abstract: The use of alkali, ammonium, and/or amine salts of monocarboxylic acid polyoxyalkylester sulfonic acids as low foam surface active agents in aqueous alkaline conditioners for textile fabrics or yarns is described.

Abstract: A machine dishwashing composition containing a peroxygen compund as the bleaching agent and having improved bleaching action combined with excellent starch removing properties is disclosed. The compositioncontains a dinuclear manganese complex having the general formula. ##STR1## As defined in the description, as bleach catalyst and starch removing additive, in an amount corresponding to a Mn-content of from 0.0001 to about 1.0% by weight.A preferred Mn-complex is:[(Mn-TACN)Mn.sup.IV (.mu.-O).sub.3 Mn.sup.IV (Me-TACN)].sup.2+ (PF.sub.6.sup.-).sub.2 Best results are obtained when amylolytic is present in the composition.

Abstract: Textile bleaching operations are enhanced by passing the cloth being treated alternately between an aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution and an oxygen-containing head space.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method for a single application of wood bleach that improves the degree of whiteness, uniformity and depth of bleaching in the wood. The method includes the application of sufficient quantities of wood bleach to maintain an excess of liquid on the surface of wood for an extended time such as a minimum of 10 minutes to obtain penetration to a greater depth. Periodic motion of an abrasive powder, or an abrasive pad to continually relocate the excess bleach on the wood surface, either by machine or by hand, provides even distribution and eliminates the raised grain on the bleached wood. Another aspect to the invention is a single step process of bleaching and dyeing in which the dye is mixed in the bleach solution.

Abstract: Denim articles of clothing such as blue jeans, are conventionally treated with a permanganate. The permanganate is thereafter neutralized with a liquid composition containing peroxide, a sulfate and deionized water. The composition neutralized the permanganate, prevents the yellowing of the article and reduces the biological oxygen demand in plant effluent.

Abstract: An aqueous liquid bleach composition containing solid, water-insoluble organic peroxyacid, bleach-stable, stilbene fluorescent whitening agent, and polyvinyl pyrrolidone or polyvinyl alcohol is provided.A preferred aqueous liquid bleach composition comprising, by weight of the composition, from 5 to 15 weight % of mononylamido peroxyadipic acid; from about 0.4 to about 10 weight % of polyvinyl pyrrolidone with a molecular weight between about 5,000 and about 100,000; and from about 0.05 to about 2 weight % of a fluorescent whitening agent of the formula: ##STR1## Preferably, the ratio of polyvinyl pyrrolidone to fluorescent whitening agent is between about 20:1 and about 1:1 and the composition has a pH at 20.degree. C. from about 1 to about 6.5.

Abstract: Methods are provided for abrading dyed fabric to produce a stonewashed effect by tumbling the fabric with stones of a chemical composition that is soluble in wash or rinse liquid for the fabric, where the stones are of sufficient size and hardness to effect abrasion of the fabric without substantial mechanical disintegration of the stones and in a manner simulating the action of pumice stone. The chemical stonewashing composition may be a compacted powder, agglomerate, coagulate, or other integral mass or solid formed from an alkali or alkaline earth metal carbonate, bicarbonate, silicate, sulfate, borate, halide, hydroxide or hydrate or peroxyhydrate thereof, for example.

Abstract: A process is provided in which manganese dioxide stains in denim fabric which has been partially decolorized with potassium permanganate are neutralized or removed by an aqueous solution of peracetic acid containing at least 1 part by weight acetic acid and 1.5 parts by weight hydrogen peroxide per part by weight peracetic acid.

Abstract: A process for producing 100% angora rabbit hair yarn, which comprises chemically treating a natural angora rabbit hair to increase scale and crimp on the surface of the angora rabbit hair, whereby imparting spinnability that is similar to that of wool, applying a conventional softening agent and an antistatic agent, carding, gillinng, spinning and twisting under suitable conditions that meet the properties of the angora rabbit hair.

Abstract: A process for fading dyed textile products in a non-uniform way includes: coating the surface of the textile product to be discolored with a layer of a product resistant to the discoloring or bleaching agent; breaking-up such a layer, preferably in a random way; and treating the resulting textile product with a solution of a bleaching and/or discoloring agent. The textile product so obtained shows discontinuous, non-uniformly arranged, rectilinear, shaded faded regions with a starlike configuration.

Abstract: The present invention provides the following hair-treatment composition, bleaching composition and hair color tone modifier composition:a hair-treatment composition containing:(1) a ferrous salt, and(2) a nonreducing organic chelate-forming compound capable of forming a chelate compound together with a ferrous ion,and having a pH value of from 3 to 6, wherein the stability constant (K.sub.

Abstract: Novel bleach and oxidation catalysts are reported as well as a bleaching-detergent composition employing these catalysts and a method for removing stains from substrates. The catalysts are manganese complexes of the formula:[LMn.sup.IV (OR).sub.3 ]Y,whereinMn is manganese in the +4 oxidation state;R is a C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 radical selected from the group consisting of alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, benzyl and radical combinations thereof;at least two R radicals may also be connected to one another so as to form a bridging unit between two oxygens that coordinate with the manganese;L is a ligand selected from a C.sub.3 -C.sub.60 radical having at least 3 nitrogen atoms coordinating with the manganese; andY is an oxidatively-stable counterion.

Abstract: A bleaching composition comprising a partially saturated carrier and a bleaching agent prepared by first mixing the dry carrier with the dry bleaching agent and then adding water while continuing mixing to produce a moist powder. This powder is used in a tumbler with at least partially nonsynthetic dyed fabrics to dry bleach or fade the dye from the fabrics. Specifically, the bleaching composition is a mix of potassium permanganate as the bleaching agent and diatomaceous earth as the carrier and is tumbled with the fabric to remove the dye from the fabric. The tumbling causes repeated contact with the bleaching agent and removes the dye in the fabric.

Abstract: Aqueous peroxide bleaching compositions including organic components such as surfactants, fluorescent whiteners and dyes are effectively stabilized by the addition of a stabilizing system comprising stabilizing effective amounts of a heavy metal chelating or sequestering agent and an aromatic amine free radical scavenging agent. Both agents must be present to achieve maximum stability. The aromatic amine free radical scavenging agent is preferably a primary or secondary aryl amine having at least one hydrogen on the nitrogen of the amine. The stabilizing system stabilizes the organic component as well as the peroxide oxidizing agent.

Abstract: A met6hod for impregnating porous abrasive media with a reactive solution for use in distressing fabric and the product produced thereby. The method includes the steps of placing the porous abrasive media and the reactive solution in a chamber; evacuating teh pressure in said chamber to obtain a pre-selected pressure level; restoring the pressure in said chamber; and repeating the steps of evacuating and restoring the pressure a sufficient number of times to impregnate the porous abrasive media with the reactive solution. The impregnate media is then removed from the chamber.

Abstract: A method for creating a design on a garment or fabric comprising preparing a patterning medium comprising a cellulose ether in a trough, adding onto the surface of said medium a fabric oxidizing or reducing agent in a desired pattern, contacting a garment or fabric with said surface of said medium for a time sufficient to permit the oxidizing or reducing agent to be transferred onto said garment and to partially oxidize or reduce the color in the garment or fabric, removing said garment or fabric from said medium, treating said garment or fabric with a neutralizing agent so as to neutralize excess oxidizing or reducing agent on said garment or fabric, and rinsing said garment or fabric with water so as to remove excess cellulose ether on said garment or fabric.

Abstract: Permanganate-containing pellets for gradual release or permanganate comprise an integrated body of a hydratable, self-curing cement in cured, hydrated form, and finely-divided particles of a water-soluble permanganate salt in substantially uniform distribution therein. The pellets are formed from a mixture of the permanganate salt, hydratable self-curing mineral cement, and water.

Abstract: A composition for alkaline hydrogen peroxide bleaching of mechanical wood pulp which employs a quaternary amine compound, such as (3-chloro-2-hydroxy-propyl) trimethyl ammonium chloride, in the stabilized bleach solution. The brightness of the final paper product made from such bleached pulp shows marked improvement over that in which only chelating agents are employed to improve the brightness according to the known art. The process is useful in both silicate and silicate-free bleach solutions.

Abstract: A process for bleaching domestic laundry in a household wash cycle, comprising prewashing the laundry in an alkaline bath with a pH value between 9 and 13 and at a temperature between about 40.degree. C. and 70.degree. C. in the presence of at least one peroxide bleaching agent and an uncomplexed barium, said barium being present in an amount between about 0.5.times.10.sup.-3 and 250.times.10.sup.-3 gram-atoms per kg of bath.

Abstract: A process for selectively decolorizing a garment containing cellulosic material which comprises the steps of providing said garment with a dye or coloring agent reactive to ozone, wetting said garment and then contacting said wetted garment with ozone or a mixture of steam and ozone whereby the ozone is reacted with the dye or coloring agent.

Abstract: A method of bleaching hair comprising:(a) providing a bleach packet comprising a predetermined effective amount of bleach composition to bleach a person's hair, enclosed in a water soluble enclosure;(b) providing an activator solution comprising water and an effective amount of activator to activate the bleach;(c) contacting the bleach packet with the activator solution, to thereby dissolve the water soluble enclosure and activate the bleach to form a bleach solution;(d) applying the bleach solution to the hair to thereby bleach the hair.The preferred water soluble enclosure is a water soluble polymeric material comprising polyvinyl alcohol and compositions similar thereto.It has also been found that damage to hair attending the coloring or bleaching process may be prevented or retarded by treating said hair with a solution of the water soluble polymer.

Abstract: A stable and effective manganese complex for use as a peroxy compound bleach catalyst is disclosed, the catalyst being a water-soluble complex of manganese (II), (III), or (IV) or mixtures thereof with a ligand which is a non-carboxylate polyhydroxy compound having at least three consecutive C--OH groups in its molecular structure. Bleaching composition comprising a peroxy compound and the catalyst, as well as process for bleaching substrates using said catalyst are also disclosed. Preferred ligand is sorbitol and preferred catalyst is Mn-sorbitol complex.

Abstract: An enzymatic perhydrolysis system, useful for bleaching, has a novel enzyme, a substrate, and a source of hydrogen peroxide, and provides in situ formation of peracid in aqueous solution. The substrate is selected for enzyme catalyzed reaction, and preferably is an acylglycerol with two or three fatty acid chains. The enzyme is hydrolytically and perhydrolytically active even in the presence of anionic surfactants, has lipase activity, and is modified from an enzyme isolatable from Pseudomonas putida ATCC 53552.

Abstract: The present invention is drawn to new processes for sequential oxidative and reductive bleaching of fibers (e.g. natural, synthetic, or blends thereof) e.g. in a single bath, which provide superior bleaching with less physical damage. Said processes comprising the steps of: (1) bleaching fibers with hydrogen peroxide; (2) adding either, (a) a material which combines with hydrogen peroxide to form a reductive bleaching agent, or (b) an inactivating material to inactivate unspent hydrogen peroxide with subsequent addition of a reductive bleaching agent, and; (3) reductively bleaching the already oxidatively bleached fibers. Also encompassed by the present invention are novel bleached fibers produced by the aformentioned processes, having highly advantageous and desirable properties e.g. a high degree of whiteness with low degree of damage.

Abstract: Cork articles are bleached by a treatment by means of an alkaline aqueous solution of hydrogen peroxide and by drying the articles, impregnated with hydrogen peroxide, in the presence of an ultraviolet radiation. No figure.

Abstract: Bleaching agents in the form of granulates of uniform composition which contain(a) a solid aliphatic peroxycarboxylic acid,(b) a hydratable inorganic salt, and(c) an organic polymer granulation aid soluble in alkaline aqueous medium, wherein the granulate, when dissolved in water, has a mildly acidic pH.

Abstract: In one embodiment, the invention provides a stable peracid bleach composition comprising discrete granules which comprise peracid, namely, diperoxydodecanedioic acid. In another preferred embodiment, enzymes are present in the composition separate from the discrete peracid granules. In both the enzyme-containing and non-enzyme containing compositions, peracid and exotherm control agents are combined in a discrete granule in which the amount of water is carefully controlled to result in, respectively, maximum peracid and enzyme stability. Standard bleaching composition adjuncts such as fillers, brighteners, pH control agents and the like may be included in the compositions apart from the discrete peracid granules.

Abstract: The present invention is drawn to new processes for sequential oxidative and reductive bleaching of pigmented and unpigmented fibers (e.g. natural, synthetic, or blends thereof) e.g. in a single bath, which provide superior bleaching with less physical damage. Said processes including processes comprised of: (1) adsorption of ferrous ions by pigmented and unpigmented fibers; (2) removing a portion of the ferrous ions from the fibers, with at least a portion of the ions remaining on the pigmented fibers; (3) contacting the fibers with hydrogen peroxide to provide oxidative bleaching including bleaching by interaction with the ferrous ions; (4) adding either (a) a material which combines with hydrogen peroxide to form a reductive bleaching agent, or (b) an inactivating material to inactivate unspent hydrogen peroxide with subsequent addition of a reductive bleaching agent, and; (5) reductively bleaching the already oxidatively bleached fibers.

Abstract: A process for the dyeing of wool with anionic dyes is described, wherein the wool is dyed in the presence of a UV absorber and bleached oxidatively and then bleached reductively in a new bath.This process makes it possible to produce very bright, brilliant shades.

Abstract: A process for bleaching a textile substrate in an aqueous medium, comprisinga) applying a peroxide or a peroxide releasing product to the substrate (hereinafter defined as "component a"); andb) destroying excess component a) with a catalase.

Abstract: A high yield process is provided for treating lignocellulose food fiber to sanitize and bleach the fiber. The process is not only a high yield process but produces better or equivalent bleaching than alternative processes and further does not produce a waste disposal problem. The process also has the advantage of requiring very little energy compared to alternative processes.

Abstract: A process for bleaching articles, such as fabrics, comprising the steps of treating an article with a permanganate bleaching agent and then reducing the permanganate with a reducing composition comprised of ammonium bisulfite and ammonium sulfite.

Abstract: The present invention provides the following hair-treatment composition, bleaching composition and hair color tone modifier composition:a hair-treatment composition containing:(1) a ferrous salt, and(2) a nonreducing organic chelate-forming compound capable of forming a chelate compound together with a ferrous ion,and having a pH value of from 3 to 6, wherein the stability constant (K.sub.