Abstract: Imidopercarboxylic acids or salts thereof of the formula ##STR1## in which A denotes a group of the formula ##STR2## n denotes the number 0, 1 or 2, R.sup.1 denotes hydrogen, chlorine, bromine, C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 -alkyl, C.sub.2 -C.sub.20 -alkenyl, aryl, or alkylaryl,R.sup.2 denotes hydrogen, chlorine, bromine or a group of the formula --SO.sub.3 M, --CO.sub.2 M, CO.sub.3 M or OSO.sub.3 M.M denotes hydrogen, an alkali metal or ammonium ion or the equivalent of an alkaline earth metal ion andX denotes C.sub.3 -C.sub.19 -alkylene or arylene, preferably phenylene.These compounds are suitable as stable peroxide compounds in bleaching, oxidizing and cleaning agents.

Abstract: Raw material costs are lowered and effluent BOD is improved when high molecular weight guar combined with 0.1 to 1.0% sodium persulfate are added prior to heat treatment during textile fiber processing. Productivity is improved for stain-resistant treatment of carpet.

Abstract: A bleaching composition is described that includes a peroxygen compound such as sodium perborate, an oxygen transfer agent such as a sulfonimine, and a bleach precursor such as TAED. These sulfonimines at relatively low concentrations enhance the activity of the precursor. A method for bleaching substrates is also provided, especially a method for cleaning fabrics.

Abstract: Novel bleaches, a method for bleaching substrates using these materials and detergent compositions containing same are reported. The bleaches are of the N-sulfonyloxaziridine type. Substrates such as fabrics may be bleached in an aqueous solution containing the oxaziridine.

Abstract: The subject invention relates to bleaching compositions comprising novel peroxymetallate bleach activators. The bleaching compositions comprise:(i) from about 1 to 60% of a peroxygen compound capable of yielding hydrogen peroxide in an aqueous solution; and(ii) from about 0.1 to about 30% of a bleach activator having the formula:MO.sub.5 (XR)(X.sub.1 R.sub.1)wherein M is molybdenum or tungsten; X and X.sub.1 are donor groups having available at least one pair of electrons; and R and R.sub.1 are each a radical selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, aryl, alkylaryl, arylalkyl, phenyl, benzyl, and mixtures thereof.

Abstract: A method for bleaching pulp using an alkaline, peroxide-containing bleaching agent for chemical pulp, mechanical pulp, waste paper and/or mixtures thereof, which optionally contains water glass and/or a complexing agent, contains, as an additive, a silicate ion exchanger which has been modified using an alkali metal carbonate or alkali metal hydrogen carbonate.

Abstract: An enzymatic perhydrolysis system, useful for bleaching, has a novel enzyme, a substrate, and a source of hydrogen peroxide, and provides in situ formation of peracid in aqueous solution. The substrate is selected for enzyme catalyzed reaction, and preferably is an acylglycerol with two or three fatty acid chains. The enzyme is hydrolytically and perhydrolytically active even in the presence of anionic surfactants, has lipase activity, and is isolatable from Pseudomonas putida ATCC 53552.

Abstract: Permanganate based fabric bleaching processes, such as stone-washing processes, are substantially improved by utilizing a reducing composition comprising a metabisulfite and a sulfite in the washing step. The relative amounts of metabisulfite and sulfite in the reducing composition are selected so as to substantially eliminate the odor of sulfur dioxide during the washing step at the particular temperature selected. For washing temperatures of 100.degree.-140.degree. F. the preferred weight ratio of sodium metabisulfite to sodium sulfite is 7:3, which produces a reducing composition having a pH of 6.2 (in a 5% by weight solution). Such a composition not only allows operation at elevated temperatures without an odor of SO.sub.2, it also allows a reduction in the washing time and in the amount of reducing composition used.

Abstract: The present invention is drawn to new processes for sequential oxidative and reductive bleaching of pigmented and unpigmented fibers (e.g. natural, synthetic, or blends thereof) e.g. in a single bath, which provide superior bleaching with less physical damage. Said processes including processes comprised of: (1) adsorption of ferrous ions by pigmented and unpigmented fibers; (2) removing a portion of the ferrous ions from the fibers, with at least a portion of the ions remaining on the pigmented fibers; (3) contacting the fibers with hydrogen peroxide to provide oxidative bleaching including bleaching by interaction with the ferrous ions; (4) adding either (a) a material which combines with hydrogen peroxide to form a reductive beaching agent, or (b) an inactivating material to inactivate unspent hydrogen peroxide with subsequent addition of a reductive bleaching agent, and; (5) reductively bleaching the already oxidatively bleached fibers.

Abstract: A process for alkaline hydrogen peroxide bleaching of mechanical wood pulp which employs a quaternary amine compound, such as (3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl)trimethyl ammonium chloride, in the stabilized bleach solution. The brightness of the final paper product made from such bleached pulp shows marked improvement over that in which only chelating agents are employed to improve the brightness according to the known art. The process is useful in both silicate and silicate-free bleach solutions.

Abstract: In a process for treating a cellulosic fabric which includes the step of scouring and/or bleaching the improvement which comprises treating said fabric with a quaternary compound of the formula selected from the group consisting of: ##STR1## wherein R, R', R" and R"' are each lower alkyl radicals and X.sup.- is an anion prior to dyeing so as to improve its whiteness and/or dyeability.

Abstract: An environmentally improved process is provided to fade denim fabric either as the woven fabric or after being made up into garments. The denim fabric may optionally be uniformly faded, or faded in a random pattern and stone washed. The effluent from the process does not have the disadvantage of the high COD of conventional processes.

Abstract: There are disclosed novel, highly stable sulfone peroxycarboxylic acids useful in detergent compositions or alone as bleaching agents which are represented by the formula ##STR1## wherein A and B are organic moieties bonded to the sulfur atom by a carbon atom and one of A and B contains from 1 to 4 ##STR2## groups bonded to carbon atoms.

Abstract: Aqueous-based dye-depletion formulations such as bleaches, oxidizing agents or reducing agents are thickened or viscosity-modified by the addition of at least a small, but effective, amount of at least one crystalline mixed metal hydroxide conforming substantially to the formulaLi.sub.m D.sub.d T(OH)(m+2d+3+n.multidot.a)(A.sup.n).sub.a .multidot.xH.sub.2 Owhere m is zero to one, D is a divalent metal, d is from zero to 4, T is a trivalent metal, A represents at least one anion or negative-valence radical of valence n, where n is 1 or more, (m+2d+3+n.multidot.a) is equal to or greater than 3, (m+d) is greater than zero, and xH.sub.2 O represents excess waters of hydration.The dye-depletion formulations have highly beneficial gel-thinning and gel-setting properties which render it capable of being used in pattern-dying, pattern-bleaching, and the like.

Abstract: Detergent bleach compositions containing an organic peroxyacid having solution pH above 9 which changes to below 9 after 4-10 minutes. Method for washing fabrics, comprising the steps of contacting the fabric with an aqueous solution of a detergent composition containing a peroxyacid at pH above 9 for 4-10 minutes and thereafter acidifying the wash liquor to a pH of below 9.

Abstract: The invention provides novel peracid precursors representative of which is the structure: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is alkyl of 1 to 20 carbon atoms; R.sup.2 is OH, --O--R.sup.3, or ##STR2## and X.sup.1, X.sup.2, Y and Z are individually selected from H, SO.sub.3.sup.--, CO.sub.2.sup.--, NO.sub.2, NR.sub.4.sup.5+, halogen, R.sup.6 and mixtures thereof;wherein R.sup.3 of --O--R.sup.3 is alkyl of 1 to 20 carbon atoms; R.sup.4 of ##STR3## is alkyl of 1 to 20 carbon atoms; R.sup.5 of NR.sub.4.sup.5+ is selected from H, alkyl of 1 to 24 carbon atoms and mixtures thereof; and R.sup.6 is alkyl of 1 to 20 carbon atoms.In one embodiment of the invention, the novel peracid precursors are combined with a source of hydrogen peroxide and sufficient quantities of buffer to impact an alkaline pH when the composition is placed in aqueous solution. Preferred embodiments of the invention include wherein R.sup.2 is hydroxy, and R.sup.1 is alkyl of 1 to 20 carbon atoms (monoester); and wherein R.sup.2 is ##STR4## and R.sup.

Abstract: A method of bleaching a cellulosic fiber material with hydrogen peroxide, comprising:(a) impregnating a cellulosic fiber material with an aqueous bleaching solution containing hydrogen peroxide and a stabilizer comprising:(i) 1 to 100 parts by weight of at least one hydroxyacrylic acid polymer selected from the group consisting of poly-.alpha.-hydroxyacrylic acids, and salts thereof and polylactone corresponding thereto; and(ii) 1 to 50 parts by weight of at least one organic phosphate acid compound selected from the group consisting of methylene,1,1-diphosphonic acid, ethylidene-1,1-diphosphonic acid, butylidene-1,1-disphosphonic acid, 1-hydroxyethylidene-1,1-diphosphonic acid, 1-hydroxypropyl-idene-1,1-diphosphonic acid, amino-tri(methylenephosphonic acid), hexamethylene diamine tetra(methylenephosphonic acid), triethylenetetramine hexa(methylenephosphonic acid), and salts of the above-mentioned organic phosphonic acids, and(b) heating the impregnated cellulosic fiber material with steam.

Abstract: A method is provided for selectively bleaching dyed, bleachable cotton garments. The garments are tumbled in damp condition with reuseable pre-formed solid pellets of limited porosity having abradable surfaces. The pellets comprise substantially water-insoluble cemented aggregates of mineral particles with a finely-divided particulate bleaching aent imbedded therein. The bleaching agent, which preferably is substantially uniformly distributed in the pellets, bleaches the garments by surfaces of the pellets wearing away during the garment tumbling to release the bleaching agent as the pellets contact the garments.

Abstract: A process for bleaching articles, such as fabrics, comprising the steps of treating an article with a permanganate bleaching agent and then reducing the permanganate with a reducing composition comprised of ammonium bisulfite and ammonium sulfite.

Abstract: The present invention is drawn to new processes for sequential oxidative and reductive bleaching of fibers (e.g. natural, synthetic, or blends thereof) e.g. in a single bath, which provide superior bleaching with less physical damage. Said processes comprising the steps of: (1) bleaching fibers with hydrogen peroxide; (2) adding either, (a) a material which combines with hydrogen peroxide to form a reductive bleaching agent, or (b) an inactivating material to inactivate unspent hydrogen perioxide with subsequent addition of a reductive bleaching agent, and; (3) reductively bleaching the already oxidatively bleached fibers. Also encompassed by the present invention are novel bleached fibers produced by the aforementioned processes, having highly advantageous and desirable properties e.g. a high degree of whiteness with low degree of damage.

Abstract: Silicate- and magnesium-free stabilizer mixtures for stabilizing aqueous peroxide bleaching baths based on organic acids and/or salts thereof comprising:(A) polyhydroxy and/or hydroxycarboxylic acids, and their alkali metal and/or ammonium salts;(B) polyacrylic acids, and their partially neutralized form; and(C) polyamine and/or amine polyphosphonic acids, and their alkali metal and/or ammonium salts;with the proviso that the ratio by weight of components A: B: C is 1 to 6: 0.2 to 1: 0.4 to 4.

Abstract: The invention provides novel bleaching compositions comprising peracid precursors with the general structure ##STR1## with R, R', R" and L as defined in the specification. Novel peracids and precursors are also herein disclosed. These peracid precursors provide new, proficient and cost-effective compounds for fabric bleaching.

Abstract: A bleaching composition is disclosed comprising a peroxygen bleaching compound, capable of yielding hydrogen peroxide in an aqueous media, and one or more bleach precursors wherein the peroxygen bleaching compound and precursor are present in a molar ratio that ranges from 0.1 to 2. It is also important that bleaching occur in an aqueous media held at a pH from 8.5 to 9.4. A combination of sodium perborate and sodium benzoyloxybenzene sulfonate is the preferred bleaching composition.

Abstract: Storage stable anhydrous fluid detergent formulation with bleaching action for textile comprising, in the anhydrous state, hydrogen peroxide and the process for the preparation of these formulations.

Abstract: An oxygen bleach composition which includes a peroxy bleach component selected from the group consisting of perborates, persulfates, persilicates, perphosphates, and percarbonates, and an organic oxygen bleach activator component capable of reacting with the peroxy bleach component to produce an active peroxy acid, the activator being selected from the group consisting of acetamide functional organosilicon compounds and succinimide functional organosilicon compounds. The activator is a compound selected from the group consisting of compounds having the formulas: ##STR1## wherein R=an alkyl group having 1-4 carbon atoms,R'=an alkyl group having 1-4 carbon atoms,R"=an alkylene group having 1-6 carbon atoms, andn=0, 1, or 2.

Abstract: The invention teaches the treatment of a porous substrate such as a textile material by treating the substrate with a foam, the substrate prior to treatment having a moisture content of up to 130% of the transit water content, forcing the foam into the porous substrate to enable foam transit through said substrate, causing or allowing foam collapse both at the surface interface and at the interior interface and terminating the treatment by removing or deactivating the reagent.

Abstract: Aqueous peroxide bleaching compositions that include surfactant, fluorescent whiteners and dyes are effectively stabilized by the addition of a heavy metal chelating agent and a free radical scavenging agent. Both agents must be present to achieve maximum stability. Particularly preferred chelating agents are the amino polyphosphonates. Particularly preferred free radical scavenging agents are the hydroxybenzenes and especially substituted phenols. Not only is the peroxide oxidizing agent stabilized, but surfactant, fluorescent whitener, and dye as well.

Abstract: A bleaching composition comprising a partially saturated carrier and a bleaching agent prepared by first mixing the dry carrier with the dry bleaching agent and then adding water while continuing mixing to produce a moist powder. This powder is used in a tumbler with at least partially non-synthetic dyed fabrics to dry bleach or fade the dye from the fabrics. Specifically, the bleaching composition is a mix of potassium permanganate as the bleaching agent and diatomaceous earth as the carrier and is tumbled with the fabric to remove the dye from the fabric. The tumbling causes repeated contact with the bleaching agent and removes the dye in the fabric.

Abstract: A method for conditioning fabrics comprises tumble-drying fabrics with a composition comprising a fabric conditioner, such as a cationic fabric softener, and a compound containing a transition metal ion, such as cobalt (II) and manganese (II) ions. The transition metal ion is capable of catalyzing bleaching of the fabrics when the fabrics are subsequently washed with a bleach containing detergent composition.

Abstract: A bleaching agent is described particularly effective for low temperature bleaching of laundry while avoiding concomitant dye damage of bleach-sensitive dyed fabrics. The bleaching agent comprises particles of monoperoxyphthalic acid (MPPA) and/or a water-soluble salt thereof, said particles being at least partially coated with an effective amount of a substantially aliphatic fatty acid mixture comprised of at least 16% and no more than about 40%, by weight, of fatty acids having a chain length of from 20 to 22 carbon atoms, said mixture being substantially free of fatty acids having less than 14 carbon atoms.

Abstract: Novel peroxyacids of the formula: ##STR1## wherein X is an alkylene group selected from propylene and butylene, R is alkyl containing from 4 to 12 carbon atoms, benzyl or phenyl and m is 1 or 2. The compounds are useful as disinfectants and fabric bleaches.

Abstract: This invention relates to bleaching compounds and compositions that provide effective and efficient surface bleaching of textiles over a wide range of bleach solution temperatures. The bleaching compounds of the invention yield a peroxyacid with a polar amide link in the hydrophobic chain when used in the bleaching compositions. In a preferred embodiment, the bleaching compositions of the invention are also detergent compositions.

Abstract: A permanent waving process is disclosed in which an essential oil is incorporated into hair fibers. The incorporated of the essential oil into the hair fiber not only provides capacity to remove bad odors resulting from freshly permanent waved hair but also gives to the hair a supple and smooth feeling. The essential oil is incorporated in the oxidizing or neutralizing solution of the permanent waving process. The essential oils employed are those containing at least one component, ingredient or constituent having an ethylenically unsaturated bond, i.e.

Abstract: There are disclosed novel, highly stable sulfone peroxycarboxylic acids useful in detergent compositions alone or as bleaching agents which are represented by the formula ##STR1## wherein A and B are organic moieties bonded to the sulfur atom by a carbon atom and at least one of A and B containing at least one ##STR2## group bonded to a carbon atom.

Abstract: An aqueous liquid bleaching composition is described having a pH from 1 to 6.5 and comprising 4,4'-sulfonylbisperoxybenzoic acid stably suspended by a surfactant system.

Abstract: It is desired to enhance the ability of hydrogen peroxide and persalts at wash temperatures of around 30.degree. to 70.degree. C., in order to use less energy and to minimize damage to various fabric finishes. It has been proposed in the past to use transition metal compounds, including cobaltous compounds for this purpose, but the literature is self-conflicting in the way to do this. In repeat trials the simple cobaltous salts did not show much activation.The invention provides a class of activators for persalts and hydrogen peroxide comprising cobalt III ammine complexes, preferably containing 4 or 5 ammine ligands obeying the formula:Co[(NH.sub.3).sub.n M.sub.m B.sub.b T.sub.t Q.sub.q ] Y.sub.yPreferred complexes contain a chloride, bromide, hydroxyl or water ligand.Such complexes can activate particularly well at above about pH10.2, which can vary from complex to complex, and retain activity in the presence of normal concentrations of many heavy duty washing compositions.

Abstract: In the present invention, hydrated magnesium salts of the carboxylate group in certain aromatic or olefinically unsaturated peroxyacids such as monoperoxyphthalic acid or monoperoxymaleic acid are made by reacting the corresponding anhydride with aqueous hydrogen peroxide and a magnesium base, in the absence of a significant amount of free iron. By so doing, the process avoids the use of non-aqueous solvents such as ethyl acetate. Solid product can be obtained by using no more than enough hydrogen peroxide and water for solely a damp product to be obtained or by crystallization from an aqueous solution, preferably with recycle of the mother liquor. Preferably the reaction temperature is maintained at 5.degree. to 25.degree. C., employing 1.8 to 2.2 moles anhyhdride per mole of magnesium base, and 0.95 to 1.2 moles of hydrogen peroxide per mole of anhydride.The product can be used as a bleach and as a disinfectant.

Abstract: A number of novel peracid precursors each have the general structure: ##STR1## wherein: Z is a leaving group, the conjugate acid of the leaving group being in the range of from about 4 to 15; R is a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl or alkenyl group having from about 1 to 18 carbon atoms; and M is hydrogen or an alkali or alkaline earth metal. A method is also disclosed for synthesizing a product as represented above wherein succinic anhydride, including an R constituent as defined above is dissolved in a water-miscible, non-nucleophilic solvent and an acid including a Z constituent as defined above is neutralized and deprotonated to form a nucleophile, the substituted anhydride and the nucleophile being combined to form the product. The product is a component in a dry bleach product, optionally including other adjuncts.

Abstract: In a liquid laundry detergent composition containing a perborate bleach, hydroxylamine sulfate is added as a bleach stabilizer and specifically as an inhibitor of catalase, an enzyme present in natural body soils, which enzyme will rapidly decompose hydrogen peroxide, the active bleaching component of the perborate bleach. The preferred compositions are non-aqueous liquids based on liquid nonionic surfactants and preferably include a detergent builder salt suspended in the liquid nonionic surfactant.

Abstract: A process for decontaminating textiles contaminated by bacteria comprising washing said textiles with a detergent composition free of any peroxide bleaching agent, and then treating said textiles with a peroxide bleaching agent in an aqueous bath at a pH of between about 9 and 13, at a temperature of between about 40.degree. to 70.degree. C., in the presence of calcium, for a time sufficient to decontaminate said textiles; said calcium rendered soluble and uncomplexed and being present in an amount between about 0.001 to 1% by weight based on the weight of the bath with the source of calcium being selected from calcium oxide, calcium hydroxide, or a calcium salt whose anion is inert with respect to the peroxide bleaching agent and whose dissociation constant is above about 0.01.

Abstract: The invention provides novel bleaching compositions comprising peracid precursors with the general structure ##STR1## with R, R', R" and L as defined in the specification. Novel peracids and precursors are also herein disclosed. These peracid precursors provide new, proficient and cost-effective compounds for fabric bleaching.

Abstract: A process for bleaching household laundry in a wash cycle, comprising a first stage in said cycle in which the laundry is washed in the presence of a detergent composition free of any peroxide-type bleaching agent at a temperature between about 40.degree. to 60.degree. C. and a pH between about 8 and 12, rinsing said laundry, and subjecting said laundry to a second stage in said cycle in which said rinsed laundry is washed in the absence of any detergent and in the presence of at least one peroxide-type bleaching agent and an activator at a temperature between about 40.degree. to 60.degree. C. and a pH between about 9 and 13.

Abstract: Storage-stable, low temperature-active liquid hydrogen peroxide laundry bleaching compositions are provided. The compositions contain a dispersion of a solid particulate peracid activator in acidic aqueous hydrogen peroxide. The activator is insoluble at the acidic conditions of storage but dissolves and activates the hydrogen peroxide at the alkaline conditions of use in laundry. Optionally the bleaching compositions can contain optical brighteners, surfactants, and/or fabric softeners.

Abstract: The present invention relates to laundry cleaning compositions and methods comprising a peroxyacid bleach and a soil release agent.

Abstract: There are disclosed novel, highly stable sulfone peroxycarboxylic acids useful in detergent compositions alone or as bleaching agents which are represented by the formula ##STR1## wherein A and B are organic moieties bonded to the sulfur atom by a carbon atom and at least one of A and B containing at least one ##STR2## group bonded to a carbon atom.

Abstract: This invention relates to a novel stabilized aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution which comprises hydrogen peroxide in admixture with an aromatic polysulfonic acid, or a salt thereof.

Abstract: A method for bleaching cotton substrates comprises the steps of:(a) immersing an unbleached cotton substrate in an aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution at pH 4.5-11 at 15.degree.-90.degree. C. to saturate the cotton substrate with hydrogen peroxide solution;(b) removing the thus-saturated cotton substrate from the aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution and removing from the substrate hydrogen peroxide solution in excess of 50-500% by weight pick-up;(c) transferring the resulting cotton substrate to a bath of an inert high boiling organic heating medium at a temperature between 100.degree. C. and the boiling or decomposition point of the organic heating medium 5 sec-20 min and(d) removing the cotton substrate from the organic heating medium and separating entrained organic heating medium therefrom.The organic heating medium preferably comprises one or more of:A. an aromatic polyester of the formula C.sub.6 H.sub.z' --(COOR.sub.1).sub.z, wherein z is 3, 4, 5, or 6; z' is 6-z and R.sub.1 is higher alkyl;B.

Abstract: Bleaching agent compositions and detergent bleach formulations containing them comprise effective amounts of (a) a peroxide compound having a bleaching action; and (b) a catalyst for the bleaching action of the peroxide compound, said catalyst comprising a water-soluble complex of manganese (III) with a multidentate ligand. The amount of complexing agent in the catalyst that supplies the multidentate ligand to form the complex is such that the molar ratio of complexing agent to manganese is at least about 1:1, preferably 10:1 or greater.

Abstract: A novel aqueous composition which comprises(a) an aminopoly(alkylenephosphonic acid), an alkanepolyphosphonic acid and/or an alkali metal salt of a polyaminocarboxylic acid,(b) a polyhydroxy compound,(c) an alkali metal silicate,(d) an alkali metal hydroxide,(e) a magnesium salt, and(f) an alkali metal salt of an alkyldisulfonic acid, aryldisulfonic acid or alkaryldisulfonic acid as anionic dispersant.The composition is storage stable and is particularly suitable for use as bleaching activator and bleaching stabilizer for the pretreatment of cellulosic fibre materials with a bleaching liquor that contains a per compound.

Abstract: An improvement upon processes for the bleaching of wood pulp which comprise preparing an aqueous alkaline bleaching medium containing hydrogen peroxide and contacting the pulp with said medium under agitation. The improvement particularly comprises agitating a suspension of the pulp in an aqueous medium containing the hydrogen peroxide and between about 15 and 65 percent by mol of one or more of a limited class of alkenylsuccinic anhydride compounds which are found to promote the bleaching of the wood pulp by the hydrogen peroxide. The improved process of the invention is further found to be necessarily restricted to operation under limited conditions of bleaching mixture temperature and pH.The invention is usefully applied in the preparation of a wide variety of paper and paperboard products. The invention has particular benefit in accomplishing a high degree of bleaching performance at relatively low bleaching system temperatures.