Abstract: A process for the activation of peroxide-based bleaches comprises conjointly incorporating into an aqueous medium a peroxide-based bleach, a buffering agent to maintain the aqueous medium at a pH above 7.5, and cyanamide, which has been found to be a highly effective peroxide activator when employed under alkaline conditions. Stable concentrated liquid and solid cyanamide-activated bleaching compositions are also disclosed.

Abstract: Finely disintegrated and fluffed cellulose pulp, at a consistency of 25-35%, is introduced into the top of a reaction tower and countercurrently bleached with oxygen gas, introduced into the lower portion of the tower, at a temperature of 80.degree.-120.degree. C. The pulp is maintained in the tower as a gas permeable column having a maximum height, in meters, equal to five tenths of the pulp consistency.

Abstract: Starch-thickened compositions containing particulate peroxygen compounds, especially diperazelaic acid, provide stable, effective compositions especially adapted for use as color-safe fabric bleaches at alkaline pH's, e.g., in laundry baths.

Abstract: Non-starch thickened peroxygen bleaches, and articles releasably containing same, especially adapted for use in an automatic dryer are provided.

Abstract: A stable bleaching composition containing, as essential ingredients, an inorganic peroxide, an activating agent for said inorganic peroxide and potassium carbonate.

Abstract: A process is provided for delignifying and bleaching cellulose pulp, which comprises carrying out the delignification and bleaching with oxygen and alkali in the presence of sodium bicarbonate, while removing carbon dioxide from the gas phase as required to maintain a carbon dioxide partial pressure within the range from about 0.001 to about 3 bars, thereby improving the selectivity of the delignification and bleaching.

Abstract: Improved dry cleaning formulation containing a dry cleaning solvent, water, inorganic polyphosphate salt, hydrogen peroxide and a suitable detergent surfactant having a pH value of from 5 to 9, which minimizes equipment corrosion and maintains fabric strength while effectively removing hydrophilic stains.

Abstract: Textile fabric stain removal is significantly improved by including in conventional dry cleaning solvent baths, a preformed or in situ generated peracid.

Abstract: Delignification of lignocellulosic material by treatment with an alkaline liquor in the presence of a cyclic keto compound such as anthraquinone.

Abstract: Packages are described wherein two compositions are maintained isolated from each other within a container, the first composition comprising an oxidation hair dye and the other comprising hydrogen peroxide. The container is fitted with valve means which communicate with each composition, actuation of the valve means resulting in mixing of portions of each composition and dispensing of the mixture as a hair dye. Through the addition of a reducing agent or a hydrogen peroxide decomposition catalyst to the first composition, the hair dye can be dispensed in a warmed state. A process for packaging of plural fluids to insure uniform dispensing in which one is a foamable liquid is described wherein the foamable liquid is placed within an inner compartment within a container separated from the remainder of the container by a movable wall and a pressurized fluid is placed inside the container outside the inner compartment.

Abstract: Compositions and processes useful for inhibiting the transfer to fabric articles of solubilized or suspended dyes found in fabric laundering solutions. Such dyes are oxidized by a composition comprising a peroxygen compound, certain aldehydes and ketones, a polyvinyl compound and a buffer compound.

Abstract: When bleaching wood pulp with oxygen the result can be improved if formaldehyde, methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, glycerol, sorbitol, formic acid, or acetone is added to the pulp.

Abstract: Compositions and processes useful for inhibiting the transfer to fabric articles of solubilized or suspended dyes found in fabric laundering solutions. Such dyes are oxidized by a composition comprising a peroxygen compound, certain aldehydes and ketones, a zwitterionic surfactant and a buffer compound.

Abstract: In a process for removing stains from fabrics by washing in an aqueous medium containing a peroxygen compound and an acylamide activator, extremely small amounts of the activator, e.g., about 5 to 50 ppm., are effective if the medium contains about 100 to 300 ppm of trisodium nitrilotriacetate or ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid sodium salt and an amount of the peroxygen compound representing about 3 to 80 ppm of active oxygen and substantial excess of active oxygen over that stoichiometrically equivalent to the amount of activator.

Abstract: An process for increasing the yields of wood pulp and improving the viscosity of the pulp during oxygen-alkali delignification is provided whereby, in a wood pulp at a consistency of about 1-10%, there are present, in the pulp to be delignified, small amounts of ammonia or a compound which releases ammonia under the alkaline conditions of the process.

Abstract: Bleaching compositions and processes for activating peroxygen bleaching agents using di-ketones.

Abstract: There is disclosed a method for the preparation of an oxidant-containing solid which is useful as an antiseptic agent, bleaching agent, oxidizing agent, etc. The solid, which can be prepared in a varied degree of water solubility, is prepared by reacting, in aqueous solution an alkali metal silicate with an oxidant which can be hydrogen peroxide or an alkali metal hypohalite. When a hypohalite is used as the oxidant, the resultant solid can be prepared in a varied degree of water solubility. Typically, a solution of sodium silicate is admixed with a solution of sodium hypochlorite, resulting in the formation of a voluminous, white precipitate that can be separated by filtration, decanting and the like, to obtain a solid containing the hypochlorite. The water solubility of this solid can be readily controlled by progressive dehydration of the solid, resulting in increasing water insolubility of the solid.

Abstract: Hair bleaching compositions containing arginine or various proteins or polypeptides having a high arginine content, a peroxide compound and a bleaching accelerator as essential components.

Abstract: Low pH, non-starch gels containing particulate peroxygen compounds, especially diperazelaic acid, provide safe, effective and stable fabric bleaching compositions for use at alkaline pH's, e.g., in laundry baths.

Abstract: Concentrated aqueous/alkaline peroxide bleach liquor containing (a) silicate and (b) peroxide stabilizers having a content of alkaline earth metal are stabilized against precipitation of alkaline earth silicates.

Abstract: Desizing glass fabric by dampening sized glass fabric with an aqueous desizing solution containing 1.0 to 18.0 g/l sodium carbonate peroxide to provide about 0.03% to about 0.50% sodium carbonate peroxide on the fabric based on the weight of the dry fabric being dampened, removing the dampened fabric from the aqueous desizing solution heating the dampened fabric, and washing the fabric to remove desizing solution and size.

Abstract: Articles releasably containing starch-thickened peroxygen bleaches are provided.

Abstract: Diisocyanate halotriazine compounds of the formula: ##SPC1##Wherein X is a halogen atom are bleach activators which have high bleaching activity at low temperatures in peroxygen salt bleach compositions and do not appreciably change the shade of cotton dyed with many classes of dyes, particularly Vat Blue 6.

Abstract: Aroyl-N-hydroxyformimidoyl halides of the formula: ##EQU1## wherein Ar represents a substituted or unsubstituted aryl radical and X is halogen, are bleach activators of high strength and good activity at low temperatures in peroxygen salt bleach compositions and do not change the shade of cotton dyed with various classes of dyes, particularly Vat Blue 6.

Abstract: A hair treating composition containing, in addition to a hair coloring agent, a water soluble secondary or tertiary amine polymer or a polymer of diallylamine or a quaternary polymer of diallyldialkylammonium salts which improves the surface characteristics of hair.

Abstract: Acyl nitrile compounds of the formula:A--CNwherein A represents an acyl radical selected from aroyl, substituted aroyl, cinnamoyl, and the residue of a heterocyclic acid halide, are bleach activators of high strength and good activity in peroxygen salt bleach compositions.

Abstract: Cyanoformates and cyanoformamides of the formula ##EQU1## wherein A represents a radical selected from --OR and ##EQU2## said R, R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 individually being selected from lower alkyl, unsubstituted phenyl or naphthyl and substituted phenyl or naphthyl wherein the substituents are individually selected from lower alkyl, lower alkoxy, hydroxy, halo and nitro radicals are bleach activators of high strength and good activity at low temperatures in peroxygen bleaching compositions.

Abstract: An activated peroxy compound bleaching composition includes a peroxy bleaching compound, such as sodium perborate or sodium percarbonate and a mixture of activators for such bleaching compound, which improves the bleaching effect thereof, at least one of which is a di-lower alkanoyl di-lower alkyl glyoxime, such as diacetyldimethylglyoxime, a tetra-lower alkanoyl glycoluril, such as tetraacetylglycoluril or a mixture thereof and at least another of which is a 2-[di(2-hydroxy-lower alkyl)amino]-4,6-dihalo-s-triazine, such as 2-[bis(2-hydroxyethyl) amino]-4,6-dichloro-s-triazine, a 2,4-di-lower alkoxy-6-halo-s-triazine, such as 2,4-dimethoxy-6-chloro-s-triazine or a mixture thereof. For improved stability on storage the activators and/or the peroxy compound may be coated.

Abstract: Activator compounds for bleaching and/or detergent compositions comprising imides having an N-bonded grouping of the formula -- COOR wherein R represents lower alkyl or phenyl typical compounds including e.g., N-methoxycarbonylphthalimide; N-methoxycarbonylsaccharide, N-phenoxycarbonyl succinimide, and N-methoxycarbonyl acetamide.

Abstract: Sodium percarbonate is stabilized by mixing therein sodium perborate and a hydrophobic liquid organic compound.

Abstract: Terpenes and their derivatives provide improved stability to aqueous solutions containing hydrogen peroxide as well as to aerosol co-dispensing hair coloring systems containing oxidation dye compositions.

Abstract: Peroxygen chemicals are activated, in laundering operations conducted below 80.degree.C, by using as activators certain isophorone derivatives, to wit, the isophorone enol acetates and isophorone oximinoacetate.

Abstract: A bleaching composition and method utilizing a percompound, an acyl-alkyl ester, and an ester-hydrolyzing enzyme, the ester and the enzyme being adapted to react to form an activator for the percompound.

Abstract: An additive composition in an aqueous vehicle for use in textile bleaching baths wherein textiles passed through bleaching baths modified by the addition thereto of the additive composition show improved characteristics including (1) perceptible increase in whiteness, and (2) more uniform distribution of dyes applied to the bleached textile and a greater intensity of the colorant in the fabric. The additive composition in aqueous form, comprises essentially, sodium zinc hexametaphosphate, zinc borate, and urea.

Abstract: Perphthalic acid solutions remove discoloration from heat-cured phosphonate-treated fabrics.

Abstract: A stain removing composition containing diperisophthalic acid and a nonionic detergent:

Abstract: A process for uniformly and thoroughly bleaching textile material having contaminate in the fibers comprising:1. IMPREGNATING THE CONTAMINATED TEXTILE MATERIAL WITH A SOLUTION OF A SURFACE-ACTIVE AGENT IN A HYDROCARBON OR HALOGENATED HYDROCARBON SOLVENT AND STEAMING THE IMPREGNATED TEXTILE MATERIAL TO REMOVE SOLVENT, WHEREBY SUBSTANTIALLY ALL OF THE CONTAMINATION IN THE FIBERS AND THE SURFACE-ACTIVE AGENT REMAIN IN THE TEXTILE MATERIAL;2. IMPREGNATING THE TEXTILE MATERIAL WITH THE CONTAMINATION AND SURFACE-ACTIVE AGENT WITH AN AQUEOUS BLEACHING SOLUTION CONTAINING, AS A BLEACHING AGENT, HYDROGEN PEROXIDE;3. STEAMING THE TEXTILE MATERIAL; AND4. WASHING THE TEXTILE MATERIAL WITH AN AQUEOUS MEDIUM.

Abstract: Inorganic per-compounds-containing oxidizing, bleaching and washing compositions having a content of acylated oxamides as activators for the inorganic per-compounds. Said activators permit better utilization of the active oxygen while securing good stability to storage.

Abstract: Use of sodium citrate in conjunction with peroxygen compounds and activators therefor.

Abstract: Textile fabrics have been bleached with aqueous solutions of hydrogen peroxide for many years. Since hydrogen peroxide is quite unstable under bleaching conditions, stabilizers have been necessary and silicate of soda, commonly called water glass, is the stabilizer commonly used in the industry. Water glass has a number of disadvantages when used in commercial bleaching of textiles. This invention provides new processes for bleaching textile fabrics with aqueous solutions of hydrogen peroxide containing sodium orthosilicate in combination with a magnesium ion-polyphosphate ion stabilizer and new compositions of matter comprising aqueous solutions of hydrogen peroxide containing an effective amount of sodium orthosilicate and magnesium-polyphosphate stabilizer.

Abstract: Cellulose pulp, in the form of an alkaline, dilute aqueous slurry, is continuously bleached and delignified by oxygen dissolved and intimately dispersed and subdivided into the slurry so that no agglomerated bubbles are formed. The alkaline, dilute slurry is prepared by adding not more than about 2/3 of an oxygenated, alkaline solution to the undiluted pulp entering the system, subjecting the resulting partially diluted alkaline pulp slurry to an elevated temperature and pressure, then further diluting said partially diluted alkaline pulp slurry with the remainder of oxygenated alkaline solution.

Abstract: A method for promoting the bleaching action of a peroxy bleaching agent which comprises using as an activating agent for the bleaching agent at least one chloro-s-triazine derivative of the formula ##SPC1##Wherein A.sub.1 and A.sub.2 are substituents which are the same or different and each represents a chlorine atom or (1) --OR.sub.1 wherein R.sub.1 is an alkyl group containing not more than 12 carbon atoms or (2) ##EQU1## wherein R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are the same or different and each represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group containing not more than 12 carbon atoms, with the proviso that A.sub.1 and A.sub.2 are not chlorine atoms at the same time.

Abstract: A process is provided for producing cellulose pulp of high brightness, which comprises pulping lignocellulosic material such as wood with oxygen under superatmospheric pressure in two stages, in the first at a pH within the range from about 6 to about 9, and in the second at a more alkaline pH of at least about 10.

Abstract: A pressurized package containing a conventional pressure propellant is divided into two compartments arranged for mixing of their contents simultaneously with dispensing, one compartment containing a peroxide solution and the other containing a hair treating composition including certain selected compounds in quantity sufficient to prevent development of unsafe pressure should the peroxide decompose within the package.