Abstract: Compounds of formula I ##STR1## in which R.sub.1 is isooctyl, nonyl or dodecyl, R.sub.2 is H or --SO.sub.3 R.sub.6, R.sub.3 (A--O).sub.m R.sub.5 where each A, independently, is --C.sub.2 H.sub.4 --, --C.sub.3 H.sub.6 -- or --C.sub.4 H.sub.8 --, R.sub.4 is (B--O).sub.n R.sub.5 where each B, independently, is --C.sub.2 H.sub.4 --, --C.sub.3 H.sub.6 -- or --C.sub.4 H.sub.8 --, R.sub.5 is H or --SO.sub.3 R.sub.6, provided that at least one R.sub.5 is --SO.sub.3 R.sub.6, R.sub.6 is H, an alkali metal, an equivalent of an alkaline earth metal or optionally substituted ammonium, m is 1, 2 or 3 and n is 0, 1 or 2, provided that m+n is at most 4, when n=0 then R.sub.5 is H and m=1, when only one group R.sub.5 is --SO.sub.3 R.sub.6 and n=1 or 2 then both R.sub.2 's are H,are useful as emulsifying and dispersing agents, especially as dyeing or printing assistants for dyeing or printing a substrate dyeable with anionic or disperse dyes.

Abstract: Sulfated metaaminophenols are disclosed and have the formula ##STR1## where: Z is alkyl, aralkyl, monohydroxyalkyl, polyhydroxyalkyl, aryl, aminoalkyl;R.sub.1 is hydrogen, alkyl, monohydroxyalkyl, polyhydroxyalkyl, monocarbamylalkyl, dicarbamylalkyl, aminoalkyl, acylaminoalkyl, carbalkoxyalkyl, carbamyl, or monoalkylcarbamyl;R.sub.2 is hydrogen, alkyl, monohydroxyalkyl, alkoxy;and their acid salts.Intermediate products used for their preparation are also disclosed. These sulfated metaaminophenols are used to dye keratinous fibers.

Abstract: A process of dyeing hair by preparing and applying to the hair an aqueous reaction medium comprising an aminoethanethio substituted dihydroxybenzene and a periodate, iodate, ferricyanide or persulfate oxidizing agent, the composition optionally containing a color modifier selected from the group consisting of direct dyes, primary intermediates, couplers, cysteine, dopa species and mixtures thereof, additionally containing a buffer to maintain the pH in the range from 2 to 11 during the oxidation reaction; and removing the aqueous reaction medium from the hair after formation of the desired color and compositions and kits for practicing such processes. The reaction medium may be formed by simultaneous addition of the dihydroxybenzene and the oxidant to the hair or by addition of the dihydroxybenzene followed by addition of the oxidant.

Abstract: Improved dyestuff solutions for the dyeing of leather contain 5 to 30 parts by weight of a dyestuff, 20 to 80 parts by weight of an alkoxy alcohol of the formula (I)R--O--(--A--O--).sub.n --H (I),10 to 40 parts by weight of a lactone, lactam or cyclic urea and 5 to 50 parts by weight of water.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for dyeing cellulose fibres such as cotton fibres, comprising successively the steps of (a) bleaching the cellulose fibres with an alkaline bath containing aqueous hydrogen peroxide; (b) neutralizing the residual hydrogen peroxide with a reducing agent; and (c) dyeing the cellulose fibres with a reactive dye sensitive to said reducing agent, wherein, after stage (b) and at the latest at the beginning stage (c), any residual agent is neutralized by a quantity of an alkali or alkaline-earth metal halogenite sufficient to neutralize it, whereby it is possible not to perform any intermediate rinsing between stages (a) and (c).

Abstract: A method of processing a textile material consisting wholly or partly of keratinous fibres, characterised in that the material is treated with an aqueous composition containing at least one compound which possesses one or more ethylenic double bonds activated by two adjacent carbonyl groups. Preferred compounds include fumaric acid or maleic acid, optionally substituted with one or two halo and/or alkyl groups; or a salt, ester or amide of any said acid; or an N-substituted maleimide, optionally substituted with one or two halo and/or alkyl groups.

Abstract: A process for dyeing nylon with acid or premetallized acid dyes is provided wherein the dye bath is brought to a temperature of 160.degree.-230.degree. F. and a pH of 5.5-4.0, followed by the gradual addition of sulfamic acid to lower the pH to 3.75-2.25, thereby improving dye exhaustion.

Abstract: A dyeing aid composition containing 1 to 60% by weight of a surfactant selected from (a) C.sub.8-24 alkyl or alkenyl alcohol sulfate, C.sub.14-18 alkane sulfonate and C.sub.10-14 alkyl benzenesulfonate; (b) castor oil containing 20-50 mols ethylene oxide, alkoxylated C.sub.8-24 alkyl or alkenyl alcohols, and alkoxylated C.sub.8-12 alkylphenols; from about 1 to about 25% by weight of sulfated hydroxyalkyl alkylpolyalkylene glycol ether corresponding to formula I ##STR1## in which R is a C.sub.1-6 alkyl radical, R.sup.1 is a C.sub.6-8 alkyl radical, M is an alkali metal or, ammonium cation, n=2 or 3 and x is a number of about 2 to about 10; and from about 1 to about 30% by weight of C.sub.

Abstract: In the process for the trichromatic dyeing or printing of natural and synthetic polyamide fibre materials, mixtures of reactive dyes, wherein blue-dyeing reactive dyes of the formula ##STR1## in which X is halogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy, cyano or nitro, n is the number 0, 1 or 2, q is the number 0 or 1, m is the number 1, 2 or 3, Z is halogen and Y is a CN, CHO or S(O).sub.p R group in which p is the number 0, 1 or 2 and R is substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 alkyl or phenyl, are used together with sulfo-containing yellow- or orange-dyeing reactive dyes and sulfo-containing red-dyeing reactive dyes, have a uniform color build-up in combination with shade constancy in different concentrations and good compatibility.

Abstract: There is provided by this invention a process for preparing poly(paraphenylene terephthalamide) fibers dyeable with cationic dyes. The process comprises soaking poly(paraphenylene terephthalamide) fibers in sulfuric acid, washing the fibers and dipping the acid soaked fibers or never-dried PPD-T fibers in an aqueous solution of a dye promoting species. The fibers can then be dried and subsequently dyed.

Abstract: Cellulose fibers can be effectively dyed with an assistant composition comprising (a) a polymer or copolymer of maleic acid, acrylic acid, methacylic acid or a salt thereof and (b) a sulfonate of a monocyclic or polycyclic aromatic compound or a condensate thereof with an aliphatic aldehyde.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for dyeing synthetic or natural polyamide fibers with anionic dyestuffs, comprising (i) bringing the polyamide fibers into contact with an aqueous dyeing liquor which contains in addition to one or more dyestuffs a cationic dyeing assistant having affinity for anionic polyamide dyestuffs, and dyeing the polyamide fibers at a temperature of from 60.degree. to 105.degree. C., and (ii) adding an anionic dyeing assistant to the dyeing liquor 15 to 60 minutes after reaching the dyeing temperature, to complete the dye exhaustion. Surface and fibre level dyeings with a good dye penetration are thus obtained.

Abstract: An assistant for dyeing or whitening synthetic nitrogen-containing fibre material, which comprises(A) a sulfonated polycarboxylate,(B) an anionic surfactant,(C) a nonionic surfactant, and(D) a water-soluble organic, polar solvent.The assistant is especially useful for dyeing or whitening polyamide fibres.

Abstract: Simultaneous dyeing and flame-resistant property improvement of poly(m-phenyleneisophthalamide) fibers using a swelling agent to introduce a dye and a fire retardant into the fiber. The dyed fiber has properties of strength approximating the original undyed fiber, fire retardance greater than the untreated fiber and is conveniently dyed to an unlimited range of colors with high color yield and relatively good lightfastness at a reasonable cost. An aqueous dimethylsulfoxide solution is used as the swelling agent.

Abstract: Aramid fibers, polybenzimidazole fibers or blends of aramid and polybenzimidazole fibers are rendered flame resistant by a flame retardant introduced into the fibers by a polar organic swelling agent such as DMSO. Dyed or undyed fibers so treated exhibit substantially improved flame resistance as compared with untreated fibers.

Abstract: An improved method of producing sodium salts of low electrolyte-containing lignosulfonates suited for use as dye and print paste additives, comprising the steps of (1) methylolating a sodium salt of a lignin compound in an alkaline aqueous medium by the addition of a suitable methylolating component, such as formaldehyde, (2) adding sulfur dioxide to the methylolated lignin in aqueous medium to lower the pH of the lignin to a pH of between about 6.1 to 6.3, (3) heating the resultant aqueous composition containing the methylolated lignin to sulfonate the same by reaction with a sulfur-containing compounds present therein.Resultant sodium salt lignosulfonate products suitable as additives in dyestuffs and dyestuff compositions containing such additives are disclosed.

Abstract: Liquid water-containing concentrated reactive dye-stuff preparations of monofluorotriazinyl reactive dye-stuffs with a pH value of at least 8, preferably 8.5-10, are stable on storage and display no noticeable hydrolysis, even after prolonged storage.

Abstract: Continuous dyeing of poly(m-phenyleneisophthalamide) fibers using a swelling agent to introduce a dye into the fiber. The dyed fiber has properties of strength and fire retardance approximating the original undyed fiber and is conveniently dyed to an unlimited range of colors with high color yield and relatively good lightfastness at a resonable cost. An aqueous dimethylsulfoxide solution is used as the swelling agent.

Abstract: A process of printing a predetermined pattern on and improving the flame resistance of a poly(m-phenyleneisophthalamide)-containing textile fabric including the successive steps of: (a) applying a print paste, composed of a highly polar solvent selected from dimethylsulfoxide, N,N-dimethylacetamide, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, and mixtures thereof, the polar solvent adapted to swell the aramid fiber and introduce a dyestuff therein, at least one organic dyestuff that is soluble in the polar solvent, a print paste thickening agent compatible with both the polar solvent and the dyestuff, a flame retardant and water in a predetermined pattern onto the surface of the aramid textile; and (b) drying and curing the thus printed fabric at an elevated temperature sufficient to permeate and fix the dyestuff and the flame retardant molecules inside the aramid fibers.

Abstract: A process of printing a predetermined pattern on a poly(m-phenyleneisophthalamide)-containing textile fabric comprises the successive steps of: (a) applying a print paste, composed of a highly polar solvent selected from the group consisting of dimethylsulfoxide, N,N-dimethylacetamide, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, and mixtures thereof, the polar solvent adapted to swell the aramid fiber and introduce a dyestuff therein, at least one organic dyestuff that is soluble in the polar solvent, a print paste thickening agent compatible with both the polar solvent and the dyestuff and water in a predetermined pattern onto the surface of the aramid textile; and (b) drying and curing the thus printed fabric at an elevated temperature sufficient to permeate and fix the dyestuff molecules inside the aramid fibers.

Abstract: A process for the photochemical stabilization of fibre materials made of synthetic polyamides, which comprises treating the fibre material with at least one water-soluble copper complex dye or with a mixture of copper complex compounds containing at least one copper complex dye, or containing at least one copper complex dye in combination with a water-soluble 1:2 cobalt complex dye, 1:2 chromium complex dye, or an azo, anthraquinone, nitroaryl or dioxazine dye.The fibre materials treated (dyed) by the process of the invention are distinguished by very high tear strength and elongation values after exposure to light or exposure to hot light.

Abstract: Concentrated aqueous solutions of dyestuffs having water-solubilizing groups which contain cyanamides of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 =NHCN, NHCONH.sub.2 or NHCONHCH.sub.3 where n=0 andm=1 or n=1 and m=0,have a long shelf life, in particular also in the case of reactive dyestuffs.

Abstract: In the conventional discharge printing on polyamide fiber materials using acid dyes, above all, the very low wet and light fastness properties of the designs obtained in this manner are frequently an obstacle to the wide expansion of this interesting technique in practice. Applying this known patterning method for wool or nylon to resist prints made with reactive dyes being distinguished by better fastness level, does not always produce satisfactory white resist effects when, for example, sulfite compounds as the resist agent and reactive dyes having esterified .beta.-hydroxyethylsulfonyl groups as the reactive radical are taken into consideration; colored effects having a bright hue are not even possible at all in various cases.

Abstract: Textile fabrics formed at least partially of polyester fibers are dyed with an aqueous dyebath comprising(a) 0 to 5 g/l of thickener;(b) disperse dyestuffs in an amount sufficient to dye the fibers to the desired depth of color;(c) 2 to 100 g/l of a partially sulfated adduct of ethylene oxide with an alkyl phenyl or C.sub.8 to C.sub.16 fatty alcohols;(d) 0 to 60 g/l of nonionic or anionic surfactants; and(e) 5 to 50 g/l of at least one organic compound selected from the group consisting of aromatic nitrile ethers and ethoxylated chlorophenols.The fabrics may be continuously dyed by padding, immersing, spraying or otherwise applying the dyestuffs, steaming the fabrics in their wet condition, and subsequently washing and drying.

Abstract: The invention relates to aqueous dyestuff formulations which contain at least one telomer of the formula I ##STR1## or a salt thereof, in addition to at least one anionic dispersant and optionally further ingredients. In formula I the symbols have the following meanings: X is hydrogen or ##STR2## Y is hydrogen, --SO.sub.4 H or ##STR3## each of R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 independently of the other is hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl which is unsubstituted or substituted by a carboxyl group or is carboxyl; and the sum of n+m is an integer from 2 to 350. These compositions have good storage stability and redispersibility and are particularly suitable for use in the continuous dyeing process.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the non-skittery and level dyeing of fibre material made of natural polyamides, with dyes or mixtures of dyes in the presence of a mixture of dyeing assistants, which comprises using for dyeing these materials an aqueous liquor which contains at least one anionic wool dye which, under the defined dyeing conditions at 1/1 standard depth, exhausts to at least 95%, and a dyeing assistant mixture containing an anionic compound of the formula ##STR1## in which R is an alkyl or alkenyl radical having 12 to 22 carbon atoms, M is hydrogen, an alkali metal or ammonium, and m and n are integers such that the sum of m and n is 2 to 14, a quaternary compound of the formula ##STR2## in which R', independently of R, is what R has been defined as, A is an anion, Q is a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl radical, and p and q are integers such that the sum of p and q is 20 to 50 , and a non-ionic compound of the formula ##STR3## in which R", independently of R, is what R has been defined

Abstract: Process for printing on synthetic fibers of polyester, triacetate, acetate and polyamide and mixtures of these fibers with dispersion dyes according to the discharge or discharge resist process, where a mixture of the following substances is used as a discharging agent:(a) 5 to 50 parts by weight of a compound having formula ##STR1## in which Me=Na, K, NH.sub.4 and alkyl substituted ammonium groups or an ammonium derivative which contains at least one radical derived from an alkali metal or ammonium salt of methane sulfinic acid,(b) 5 to 50 parts by weight of hexamethylene tetramine and(c) 0 to 20 parts by weight of anthraquinone.

Abstract: A wetting solution for use in a continuous dyeing process for a fabric comprised of synthetic polymer fibers characterized by a surface energy of about 18 to 20 dynes per centimeter is provided. This solution comprises water, a surfactant having a wetting speed factor of up to 1.75, and a thickening agent. A continuous dyeing process for treating the fabric is also disclosed.

Abstract: Textile materials such as fiber and cloth can be dyed more satisfactorily with sulfur dyes or sulfurized vat dyes by allowing an organic mercapto compound and/or an organic sulfur compound capable of generating mercapto groups under dyeing conditions to be present in dye baths. Still more improved dyeing results may be obtained by allowing a sulfite salt compound to be further present in such dye baths.

Abstract: A process and composition for coloring substances and tissues containing keratin, by means of an agent or co-reactant having a ketone or aldehyde function. An amino-acid, in particular a thio-amino-acid, is contacted with the substance to be colored. The composition can be in the form of a solution or a suspension containing the amino-acid, applicable separately from or together with the co-reactant of known type based on a ketone or aldehyde. The invention is useful in cosmetics, for tanning the skin or coloring the hair or nails. It is also applicable to the coloration of various articles, in particular hair in general, feathers, horn, shell etc.

Abstract: Dyeing and printing with sulfur dyestuffs involves dissolving the dyestuff by reduction. The dissolved reduced dyestuff is applied to the material to be dyed or printed and the dyestuff is reconverted into in soluble dyestuff by oxidation. The present invention improves the prior art by using as the dyestuff reducing agent a compound of the formula ##STR1## or an alkali metal salt thereof, wherein R is --H or --OH and R' is --H, --CH.sub.3 or --CH.sub.2 OH.

Abstract: Washfastness of dyed nylon textile material is improved by treating dyed textile material with a water soluble polymeric textile treating agent which is a reaction product of dihydroxy diphenyl sulfone, formaldehyde and naphthalenesulfonic acid and is characterized as a 30% by weight solution in acetone having a reduced viscosity at 21.degree. C. of between about 0.225 and about 0.275.

Abstract: This invention discloses compositions and methods for dyeing natural proteinaceous and synthetic polyamide fibers, particularly wool, silk and nylons, utilizing dye assistants effective with both acid and disperse dyes, such assistants being synergistic combinations of (a) dicyclopentenyl alcohol with (b) certain other materials, none of the components in either (a) or (b) being, in themselves, effective dye assistants for both acid and disperse dyes.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a solution or suspension of liposomes in an aqueous medium comprising the steps of dispersing a first aqueous liquid in an essentially water-insoluble solvent in the presence of a compound of the formula XY wherein X is a hydrophilic lipophobic group and Y is a lipophilic hydrophobic group to form a dispersion of liposome precursors in the solvent, the precursors consisting of small vesicles of the first aqueous liquid surrounded by a monomolecular film of compound XY, emulsifying the liposome precursors in a second aqueous medium in the presence of a compound of the formula ZW wherein Z is a hydrophilic group and W is a hydrophobic group to thereby form a solution or suspension of liposomes in the second aqueous medium, said liposomes consisting of the first aqueous liquid surrounded by a bimolecular film of the structure XY-WZ and removing the water-insoluble solvent prior to after said emulsification.

Abstract: Water-insoluble azo dyestuffs corresponding to the formula: ##STR1## in which X represents halogen, cyano, nitro, alkyl, polyfluoroalkyl, polyfluoroalkoxy, alkylsulphonyl, sulphonamido, or sulphonamido substituted by one or two alkyl groups;Y and Z are the same or different and represent hydrogen, halogen, cyano, nitro, alkyl, alkoxy, polyfluoroalkyl, polyfluoroalkoxy, alkylsulphonyl, sulphonamido or sulphonamidosubstituted by one or two alkyl groups;R represents hydrogen, halogen, cyano, nitro, alkyl, alkoxy, polyfluoroalkyl, polyfluoroalkoxy, alkylsulphonyl, sulphonamido, or sulphonamido substituted by one or two alkyl groups;m is equal to 0 or 1;and the nucleus A may be substituted by one or more chlorine atoms or alkyl, alkoxy or acylamino groups.These dyestuffs may be used for dyeing synthetic or artificial textile fibers, especially polyester fibers.