Abstract: The invention provides aqueous dyestuff preparations of water-insoluble or sparingly water-soluble dyes which may be used for preparing printing pastes to be used for printing textile material as well as for printing supports for transfer printing. The preparations contain at least 10% by weight of water, 10 to 60% by weight of a finely dispersed water-insoluble or sparingly water-soluble dye, 0.1 to 5% by weight of at least one anionic dispersant, and 0.5 to 5% by weight of a non-ionic copolymer of ethylene oxide and a further olefin oxide, said copolymer having an ethylene oxide content of at least 65% by weight and a molecular weight of more than 12,000, and also, if desired, further ingredients.

Abstract: The present disclosure is concerned with enhancing the solubility of dispersed anionic dyes upon the dilution of their dispersions with room temperature water. Concentrated dispersions of such dyes with acceptable stability and low shear viscosities are disclosed which are more readily diluted to dissolve the dispersed dyestuff because they contain certain chelating agents are described. These agents have at least one free or appropriately neutralized acid group, with carboxylic acid groups being preferred. The appropriae cations include ammonium or lithium ions. The free acid groups are subsequently neutralized with these appropriae cations so that the final dispersions are preferably about neutral, i.e have pH values about 7. A further improvement to the dilutability by the addition of a surfactant, preferably a non-ionic surfactant, is also discssed.

Abstract: An aromatic polyamide fiber containing a large amount of a surfactant, sufficient to enable it to be dyed a deep shade. The high surfactant level enables the fiber to be stabilized, at low temperatures, against progressive laundry shrinkage.

Abstract: Method of producing a by-product of the black liquor residue of a kraft wood pulping process having excellent product stability and exhibiting humectant properties in dyestuff compositions, and the resultant humectant product and dyestuff compositions containing such humectant product. The black liquor, after removal of tall oil fractions, is oxidized and thereafter treated with an aldehyde to methylolate the lignin components therein, the methylolated lignin-containing black liquor is treated with a sulfur-oxygen-containing compound, such as SO.sub.2 gas, under sufficient conditions to sulfomethylate and solubilize the lignin components, and the resultant composition is concentrated to a solids content of from about 50% to up to about 70% at a pH of approximately 7.5 to produce the final humectant product.

Abstract: Liquid, water-containing dyeing formulation of a reactive dyestuff, which contains 10-50% by weight of C.I. Reactive Blue 19, 5-50% by weight of one or more anionic dispersants from the group of the ligninsulfonates or from the group of condensation products of formaldehyde with naphthalenesulfonic acid or with a naphthalenesulfonic acid which is substituted by 1-3 lower alkyl groups, 1-30% by weight of the sodium salt of anthraquinone-2-sulfonic acid, 1-6% by weight of one or more buffer substances which are incapable of any reaction with the reactive dyestuff which diminishes the dyeing strength, and 38-83% by weight of water.

Abstract: The invention relates to solid formulations of dyes which are insoluble or sparingly soluble in water, which formulations contain a dialkyl sulfosuccinate having 3 to 8 carbon atoms in each alkyl moiety, or a C.sub.3 -C.sub.6 alkylnaphthalenesulfonate and/or a branched or unbranched acetylene glycol containing 8 to 20 carbon atoms, in addition to the dye and one or more anionic dispersants, optionally together with further auxiliaries conventionally employed in powdered formulations.These formulations are characterized by very good wettability, excellent dispersibility and good redispersibility. The dyebaths and padding liquors prepared with these formulation are non-foaming or only low foaming and are in addition stably disperse. They are suitable for dyeing and printing natural and synthetic fibres.

Abstract: The invention relates to a dyeing assistant comprising at least(A) a sulfonated condensation product of a hydroxyaryl compound and formaldehyde or a sulfonated N-arylmelamine derivative, and(B) a quaternary ammonium compound which contains at least one basic nitrogen atom to which are attached at least one polyglycol ether chain and at least one aliphatic radical of 10 to 22 carbon atoms, said polyglycol ether chain containing at least one grouping of the formula ##STR1## preferably a grouping of the formula ##STR2## wherein one of Y.sub.1 and Y.sub.2 is hydrogen and the other is the phenyl radical, and optionally(C) a siloxane/oxyalkylene copolymer and/or(D) a polar solvent.This dyeing assistant is used in particular for dyeing or printing synthetic polyamide fibre material with anionic dyes.

Abstract: Improved dyestuff compositions are disclosed herein comprising, as dispersants, sulfonated lignins prepared by selectively isolating lignins having molecular weights greater than 5,000 and subsequently reacting the lignin with sodium sulfite and an aldehyde.

Abstract: A reactive dye composition comprising at least one alkylnaphthalenesulfonic acid/formaldehyde condensate and a compound represented by the following formula, ##STR1## wherein D is an organic dye residue having at least one sulfo group, R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are independently a hydrogen atom or a C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 alkyl group unsubstituted or substituted with a halogen atom or a hydroxy, cyano, alkoxy, carboxy, carbamoyl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkylcarbonyloxy, sulfo or sulfamoyl group, A is a phenylene group unsubstituted or substituted with one or two substituents selected from chlorine and bromine atoms and methyl, ethyl, methoxy, ethoxy and sulfo groups, or a naphthylene group unsubstituted or substituted with one sulfo group, X is a halogen atom, and Y is --SO.sub.2 CH.dbd.CH.sub.2 or --SO.sub.2 CH.sub.2 CH.sub.

Abstract: A process for preparing sulfonated lignins suitable for use as dispersants and additives in dye compositions wherein sulfonated lignins are post-sulfonation crosslinked with a crosslinking agent of the aldehyde, epoxide, or polyhalide type at a pH range of between about 6.1 to 9 to selectively crosslink low molecular weight sizes of the sulfonated lignins to provide improved heat stability and dispersibility of the sulfonated lignins in dye compositions. The invention also concerns disperse and vat dye compositions, and printing gels, containing the sulfonated lignins as a dispersing agent or additive.

Abstract: Textile materials, preferably carpets, are backsized with a composition comprising(a) a natural or synthetic polymeric latex(b) a filler, and(c) a fixing agent for anionic dyestuffs.The resulting textile materials are fast to water spotting.

Abstract: Dispersants, especially well suited for use with insoluble dyes, are produced by reacting hydroxyl benzyl alcohol compounds with sulfonated lignin derivatives. The dispersants have high levels of heat stability, coupled with desirable dye reduction, staining, foaming, milling and viscosity-reducing properties. Dyestuffs, dye pastes and dye baths, as well as methods utilizing them, are provided.

Abstract: A cold water soluble dyestuff composition which contains(a) 30 to 90% by weight of the dye of formula I ##STR1## (b) 2 to 50% by weight of an anionic dispersant (c) 0.1 to 10% by weight of an alkylenediaminedicarboxylic, -tricarboxylic or -tetracarboxylic acid of the formula II ##STR2## wherein X is a carboxyl group or the nitrilo group, m is 1 to 3 and n is 2 to 5, or a salt thereof, and optionally further ingredients.The assistant combination of anionic dispersant and alkylenediaminedicarboxylic, -tricarboxylic or -tetracarboxylic acid imparts to the composition a cold water solubility of 30 g/l. The composition is suitable for dyeing and printing textile material, especially that made from synthetic polyamide.

Abstract: A reactive dye composition which comprises a combination of 20 to 99% by weight of a dye represented by a free acid of the formula, ##STR1## and 1 to 80% by weight of an alkylnaphthalenesulfonic acid/formaldehyde condensate having a sulfonation degree of 50 to 150% and an average condensation degree of 1.1 to 3.0, which is very readily soluble in water and aqueous alkali liquors, resistant to coagulation when prepared into a color paste for printing, and useful for dyeing or printing cellulose fiber materials yellow with a high color yield, particularly by a one-bath pad dyeing method or printing method.

Abstract: The present disclosure is concerned with new modifications of the dyestuff Color Index Acid Blue 324 which have significant advantages over the known form of this dyestuff. In particular, the preferred modification is much easier to isolate from an aqueous medium by filtration and the isolated product has a higher purity. The filtration proceeds much more rapidly and gives a filter residue of a much higher solids content. Furthermore, this new form of the dyestuff imparts a dramatically lower viscosity to aqueous dispersions or slurries prepared from it than are obtained using the old form of this dyestuff. These modifications are obtained by heating an aqueous dispersion or slurry of the known form of Color Index Acid Blue 324 to temperatures in excess of about 97.degree. C. and for the preferred form in the presence of a substance which reduces the surface tension between the dispersed organic dyestuff phase and the aqueous dispersing medium.

Abstract: The present disclosure is concerned with aqueous dispersions of anionic acid dyes, especially the monosulphonated level dyeing acid dyes, which have low room temperature, low shear viscosities and good storage stability. This low viscosity enables them to be readily poured, pumped and otherwise handled. These dispersions comprise dyestuff solids with a controlled particle size distribution having a median value between about 1 and 10 microns; an anionic dispersant; and an electrolyte. In a preferred embodiment the pH is adjusted to give an optimum viscosity value. Another preferred feature is the adjustment of the rheology with a thickening agent such as xanthan gum. These dispersions find particular utility in the continuous dyeing of carpet, especially in Kuesters or foam dyeing equipment.

Abstract: In a process for the preparation of concentrated aqueous formulations of synthetic anionic dispersants, dilute reaction solutions of said dispersants are subjected to reverse osmosis using membranes which contain ionic groups and have a pore diameter of 1 to 500 .ANG.. The dispersant formulations have a high concentration of active ingredient. They are suitable for the preparation of pigment and dye compositions and impart excellent stability to them, e.g. at elevated temperature and against mechanical influences.

Abstract: The invention relates to a dyeing assistant comprising at least(A) an alkylsulfonate, alkylbenzenesulfonate or alkylnaphthalenesulfonate, the straight or branched alkyl chain of which contains 3 to 22 carbon atoms, and(B) a quaternary ammonium compound which contains at least one basic nitrogen atom to which are attached at least one polyglycol ether chain and at least one aliphatic radical of 10 to 22 carbon atoms, said polyglycol ether chain containing at least one grouping of the formula ##STR1## wherein one of Y.sub.1 and Y.sub.2 is hydrogen and the other is the phenyl radical, and optionally(C) a siloxane/oxyalkylene copolymer and/or(D) a polar solvent.This dyeing assistant is used in particular for dyeing or printing synthetic polyamide fibre material with anionic dyes.

Abstract: Dispersants, especially well suited for use in thermosol dyeing processes, are produced by reacting methylol hydroxybenzene compounds with sulfonated lignin derivatives. The dispersants have high levels of heat stability and low staining characteristics, coupled with desirable dye reduction, foaming, milling and viscosity-reducing properties. Dyestuffs, dye pastes, and dye baths, as well as methods utilizing them, are provided.

Abstract: The present disclosure is concerned with storage stable concentrated fluid aqueous dispersions of water soluble cold dyeing fiber reactive dyes. These dispersions contain anionic or polyvinyl dispersants to provide resistance against settling or agglomeration and water soluble electrolytes to provide resistance against hydrolysis of the fiber reactive groups. The dispersions have an average particle size of less than 100 microns and in a preferred embodiment sufficient buffering agent to stabilize the pH at between about 5 and 8.

Abstract: A dye solution for coloring a substrate, especially porous stone, comprising an oxidation base, acetic acid, and about 0.02 to about 0.3 mole, per mole of said oxidation base, of a C.sub.8-16 alkyl benzene sulfonic acid, especially dodecyl benzene sulfonic acid, in a volatile organic solvent medium, and a method of coloring a porous substrate therewith involving post-treatment with an oxidizing agent, especially aqueous hydrogen peroxide of about 1 to about 9 wt. % concentration.

Abstract: An improved process for preparing discharge prints on textile materials containing hydrophobic fibers wherein at least one disperse dyestuff dischargeable to white is applied to the textile material in the form of a dyeing liquor of print paste and also contacted by a pattern-applied discharge resist print paste, and then the material is heat treated at 100.degree. to 230.degree. C., wherein the improvement comprises said discharge resist print paste having, under the heat treatment conditions, a pH value of zero to 3.

Abstract: Solid, pulverulent dyestuff compositions of fiber-reactive dyestuffs, which compositions contain a condensation product formed from a dialkylnaphthalenesulfonic acid or a mixture of two or more dialkylnaphthalenesulfonic acids and formaldehyde, as an auxiliary intended to ensure the solubility of the dyestuffs in salt-containing and alkaline aqueous padding liquors.

Abstract: New condensation products of the formula ##STR1## wherein R represents alkyl, cycloalkyl, aralkyl, aryl, or halogen, M represents hydrogen, an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal or an ammonium group, and n is a number from 1 to 3; these products are particularly useful as dyeing assistants for dyeing synthetic polyamide fibres with anionic dyes.

Abstract: The method involves treating a cellulose fiber-containing structure with an alkaline agent, coating the structure with an acid chloride having the following formula: ##STR1## (wherein X is --H, --NO.sub.2, --CH.sub.3 or --SO.sub.2 Cl) and subjecting the resultant structure to heat treatment to cause chemical modification. The acid chloride is employed in the form of an emulsion in water. The emulsion may also contain a thickener such as a natural sizing agent or a dye. The method provides a more dyeable cellulose fiber-containing structure.

Abstract: Reaction products which are prepared by sulphonation or sulphomethylation and formaldehyde condensation of compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 represents C.sub.1-4 -alkyl,and, if appropriate, subsequent conversion of the resulting sulphonic acids into their salts are used as dispersing agents.

Abstract: The present invention relates to sulphonic acids of ditolylether sulphones of formula I ##STR1## in which n is 0 to 6, each of x and y, independently, is 0 or 1 with the proviso that x+y is at least one, or salts thereof and condensates of the same with formaldehyde, which compounds are useful, inter alia, as dispersing agents for disperse dyestuff preparations.

Abstract: A reactive dye composition containing a dye mixture comprising 60 to 97 wt. % of C.I. Reactive Orange 16 and 40 to 3 wt. % of C.I. Reactive Orange 7, and 5 to 100 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of said dye mixture of a naphthalenesulfonic acid/formaldehyde condensate having a sulfonation degree of 100 to 200%, which is very readily soluble in water and an aqueous alkaline solution and useful for dyeing cellulose fibers with a high color yield.

Abstract: An aqueous dispersion of a solid, especially a disperse dyestuff or a pigment, containing, as dispersing agent, a water-soluble, non-ionic polycyclic aromatic compound having a poly(lower alkylene-oxy)chain containing from 5 to 30 lower alkylene-oxy groups. Preferred dispersing agents contain about 10 ethylene-oxy groups in the chain. The dispersions of disperse dyestuffs are especially suitable for use in aqueous print pastes based on synthetic thickening agents and the pigment dispersions are suitable for use in emulsion paints.

Abstract: Dispersants, especially well suited for use with insoluble dyes, are produced by reacting hydroxyl benzyl alcohol compounds with sulfonated lignin derivatives. The dispersants have high levels of heat stability, coupled with desirable dye reduction, staining, foaming, milling and viscosity-reducing properties. Dyestuffs, dye pastes and dye baths, as well as methods utilizing them, are provided.

Abstract: An aqueous liquid dye composition containing 10 to 50 parts by weight of C.I. Reactive Blue 19, 1 to 40 parts by weight of a condensation product of formaldehyde with naphthalenesulfonic acid which may be alkylated, 0.1 to 10 parts by weight of a nonionic surfactant having an HLB of 9 to 20, and 20 to 80 parts by weight of water. This liquid dye composition has a good storage stability, and shows a sufficient solubility in an aqueous alkali liquor so that it is particularly suitable for dyeing cellulosic fibers by a one-bath pad-batch method.

Abstract: A method is provided for polymerizing lignosulfonate materials without undesirable viscosity build-up or gelling. The method comprises the steps of premethylolating the lignosulfonate under alkaline conditions followed by condensation of the premethylolated lignosulfonate at elevated temperatures and under neutral and acidic conditions.The resultant products are useful in any of a variety of applications wherein the surface active properties of lignosulfonates may be desirable. The products are useful as dispersants and especially as dye dispersants.

Abstract: Polycondensates of phenols and formaldehyde which contain sulphonic acid groups and salts thereof bonded to the phenol either directly or via a methylene bridge are prepared by reacting a neutralized reaction product of phenols and sulphonating agents, which contains a mixture of the starting phenol, phenolsulphonic acid and bis-(hydroxyphenyl) sulphones, with formaldehyde and a bisulphite at a pH value of 4-8.

Abstract: The invention provides compositions for improving the appearance of used textiles which contains a photoactivator and a fluorescent whitening agent which is a distyrylbiphenylsulfonic acid or a salt thereof and/or a 4,4'-bis-(1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)-2,2'-stilbenesulfonic acid or a salt thereof. The invention also provides soaking, detergent or rinsing liquors containing such compositions as well as a method of improving the appearance of used textiles which comprises the use of the compositions and liquors of the invention.

Abstract: Dispersants, especially well suited for use with insoluble dyes, are produced by reacting hydroxyl benzyl alcohol compounds with sulfonated lignin derivatives. The dispersants have high levels of heat stability, coupled with desirable dye reduction, staining, foaming, milling and viscosity-reducing properties. Dyestuffs, dye pastes and dye baths, as well as methods utilizing them, are provided.

Abstract: An anionic surfactant can be used for the preparation of aqueous dispersions of specific composition with a high degree of fineness of the particle sizes of primary aromatic amines free from carboxylic acid or sulfonic acid groups. Besides said aromatic amine and said anionic surfactant these aqueous dispersion contain as a dispersing agent a water-soluble condensation product containing one or several radicals of oxalkylated, hydroxy and/or carboxy group-containing aromatic compounds, which radicals are linked with one another by methylene bridges either directly or via radicals of aromatic compounds. The dispersions may further contain a polyhydric alcohol and optionally a high molecular weight polyglycol. The dispersions have a good viscosity behavior, a good stability in storage and are stable at temperatures of about -15.degree. to +50.degree. C. They can be readily and rapidly diazotized and yield residue-free diazonium salt solutions with low tendency to foam formation.

Abstract: A composition useful as a dyeing, fixing and leveling agent for acid dyestuffs on polyamide fibers, as a reserving agent in dyeing of polyamide-cellulosic blends with direct dyes and as an aftertreating agent for improving wet fastness and perspiration resistance of polyamides dyed with an acid dyestuff consists essentially of an aqueous solution of 60-85% by weight of solute of phenolsulfonic acid-formaldehyde condensate and 15-40% by weight of solute of an alkylene glycol of up to 3-10 carbon atoms or a polyoxyethylene or -thio glycol or molecular weight up to 1000.

Abstract: Polyamide fibre materials are dyed with acid dyestuffs and/or metal complex dyestuffs in the presence of compounds of the formula ##STR1## in which R represents a C.sub.4 -C.sub.12 -alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 -alkoxy, phenyl, cyclohexyl or C.sub.2 -C.sub.10 -hydroxyalkoxy radical,R.sub.1 represents hydrogen or a C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl radical,n represents an integer from 1 to 10 andm represents a number from 1 to n+1,or water-soluble salts thereof.

Abstract: A dye composition containing C.I. Reactive Blue 19 and an alkylnaphthalenesulfonic acid/formaldehyde condensate, which is very readily soluble in water and aqueous alkaline liquors and useful for dyeing natural and regenerated cellulose fibers with high color yield, particularly in accordance with a one-bath pad dyeing method.

Abstract: An improved process for dyeing of diverse fibre material, especially textile fibres, by applying to the fibre material at a temperature below the absorption temperature of the dyestuffs a concentrated aqueous dye liquor and with a goods to liquor ratio of 1:1.5 to 1:4, the said aqueous dye liquor containing at least one dyestuff which, in the case of the substrate to be dyed, has affinity to the fibres and which is either soluble or dispersible in water and 0.2 to 10 g/l, preferably 2 to 5 g/l, of a non-foaming anionic dispersing agent from the class of aromatic sulphonic acids or the water-soluble salts thereof, and finishing of the dyeing by means of a heat treatment, e.g. introduction of saturated steam, superheated steam or hot air, preferably by heating from without, at temperatures of 95.degree. to 140.degree. C.

Abstract: The discharge printing past contains the sodium or calcium salt of a sulfonated derivative of an N-alkylated benzylphenyl ammonium halide which acts as a sequestering and solubilizing agent for the indigo blue. It is used in conjunction with a reducing agent (or an oxidizing agent) and a bleaching agent or process resistant dye, depending on whether the print is to be white or colored. After developing in the presence of a second removing agent and a strong dispersing agent, the textile stock is washed, dried, subjected to conventional finishing treatments and again dried.

Abstract: A dye composition contains as indispensable ingredients a water-insoluble dye and 10-150% by weight, based on the dye, of a nonionic surfactant of the general formula:HO--C.sub.2 H.sub.4 O).sub.l (C.sub.3 H.sub.6 O).sub.m (C.sub.2 H.sub.4 O).sub.n Hwherein l, m and n each represent an integer of one or more l+m+n being in the range of 100-350 and (l+n)/m being two or more.

Abstract: Watersoluble condensation products of mono- or di-alkyl naphthalene sulfonic acids and formaldehyde are dispersants for dyestuffs, pigments and optical brighteners, which do not soil textiles and give highly fluid dispersions. The dispersions are stable to heat and storing.

Abstract: Sulphonated condensation products which are obtained, irrespective of sequence, by reaction of an aromatic compound that contains at least two replaceable hydrogen atoms in the nucleus with a compound of the formula ##STR1## wherein X represents the direct bond or oxygen, Hal represents chlorine or bromine, and n is a number from 1 to 4, and sulphonation, and optionally by further condensation with formaldehyde or formaldehyde donors.The sulphonated condensation products are particularly effective as levelling agents and dispersants.