Abstract: A process for preparing a thermosensitive fibrous structure which includes adding a fibrous substrate mainly composed of cellulosic fiber, microcapsules including a thermochromic material, a cationic surfactant and a nonionic surfactant to a dye bath maintained at a temperature of not higher than 90.degree. C. and then adding an agent for imparting exhaustion property in the bath at a pH not more than 7, thereby causing the fibrous substrate to exhaust the microcapsules from the bath. According to this process, there can be obtained a thermosensitive fibrous structure wherein microcapsules are almost completely exhausted and uniformly provided.

Abstract: Cellulosic textile materials can be dyed with disperse dyes from supercritical CO.sub.2 by treating the textile materials with an auxiliary that promotes dye uptake, typically polyethylene glycol.

Abstract: Basic azo dyes useful for dyeing or printing polymeric material have the formula ##STR1## where R.sup.1 is hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkoxy or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkanoylamino,R.sup.2 is hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkoxy or a radical of the formula CO-X, andX is hydroxyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkoxy, amino, mono- or di(C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 -alkyl)amino or a radical of the formula ##STR2## where n is 0 or 1,R.sup.3, R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 are hydrogen or substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl,R.sup.6 is hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl,L is C.sub.2 -C.sub.6 -alkylene, andAn.sup..crclbar. is one equivalent of an anion,with the proviso that at least one basic or quaternary radical is present in the molecule.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for fixing reactive dyes on cellulosic textile material and to apparatus for carrying out said process.The process comprises wetting the dried fibre material, which has been printed with reactive dyes, with water, covering the printed material with water-impermeable material and subjecting it to a heat treatment. The fixation can be carried out with advantage using minor amounts of urea, but preferably without urea, to give prints of good quality.

Abstract: A process for coloring textile materials which includes applying thereto a water-soluble reactive dye containing a chlorotriazine group and a diaminobenzylamine linker group.

Abstract: A granular type reactive dye composition containing a reactive dye, an inorganic salt and water, the water content being from 4.5 through 15% by weight and the inorganic salt content being 20% by weight or less, both based on the weight of the composition, which is excellent in storage stability, compatibility with water and hot water, and reproducibility, when used for dyeing or printing cellulose fibers.

Abstract: The reactive dyes of the formula ##STR1## in which the substituents and indices have the meaning given in the description, are outstandingly suitable for dyeing or printing naturally occurring or synthetic materials containing hydroxyl or amide groups.

Abstract: An improved aqueous dyestuff preparation which is suitable for the dyeing or printing of substrates contains a water-soluble lithium compound and an alkali, in particular sodium hydroxide.

Abstract: Provided is a fiber reactive dye composition which can dye or print cellulose based fiber materials or materials containing the fiber materials uniformly with good build-up property and reproducibility and give dyed or printed products excellent in various fastness properties.A fiber reactive dye composition which comprises at least five reactive dyes selected from the groups of reactive dyes represented by the following formulas (I) to (VII) respectively in the form of free acid: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are each hydrogen, alkyl, ureido or the like, R.sub.5 and R.sub.6 are each hydrogen, sulfo or the like, R.sub.3, R.sub.4, R.sub.7 to R.sub.13 and R.sub.15 to R.sub.18 are each hydrogen, alkyl or the like, R.sub.14 is --O-- or ##STR2## A, B, D, E, G, J and L are each phenylene or the like, X.sub.1 to X.sub.6 are each halogen, Y.sub.1 to Y.sub.7 are each --SO.sub.2 CH.dbd.CH.sub.2 or --SO.sub.2 C.sub.2 H.sub.4 Z, Z being a group capable of being split off by the action of an alkali, m.sub.1 to m.

Abstract: Products (E) obtainable by reaction of condensation products (K) of(a) formaldehyde or a formaldehyde-yielding compound,(b) at least one (C.sub.1-5 -alkyl)-phenol and(c) at least one amine that contains at least two NH-groups that are reactive with formaldehyde,with the proviso that there are employed 1 mole (c) .+-.5 mole % and 1.6 to 2.4 moles of formaldehyde (a) or the corresponding amount of a formaldehyde-yielding compound (a) per mole of (C.sub.1-5 -alkyl)-phenol (b), with(d) alkyleneoxide and optionally styreneoxideand optionally quaternization of the reaction product and/or modification thereof by introduction of at least one anionic group, or mixtures of such products are eminently suitable as dyeing assistants, in particular as levelling agents for the dyeing of hydrophilic cellulosic and/or polyamidic substrates with dyes of high affinity for the substrate.

Abstract: An improved pigmented product is obtained by a pigmenting method comprising the steps of:treating a cellulose fiber textile product with a cationic compound; andtreating the thus-treated textile product by immersing it in a aqueous dispersion containing a pigment and an anionic compound.

Abstract: It is necessary to remove unbound reactive dyes from the surfaces of textile substrates treated with dyes of this class; this is to ensure the dyed substrate is fast. In the invention dye is removed from a wash medium by contracting the medium with an absorbent, preferably a hydrotalcite-like material, which removes suspended dye. This removal allows re-use of the wash medium or its disposal.

Abstract: A fabric is dyed with a reactive dye in the presence of an alkali donor, added to the dyebath. The alkali donor is a liquid composition comprising potassium silicate and potassium hydroxide. A composition suitable for use as such an alkali donor comprises, by weight of the total weight of the composition, 20-75% potassium silicate, 10-35% of solid potassium hydroxide, and up to 20% sequestrant, the balance comprising water.

Abstract: A reactive dye mixture which comprises, as dye components, from 10 to 57% by weight of C.I. Reactive Orange 16 and from 90 to 43% by weight of C.I. Reactive Orange 7.

Abstract: Anionically dyeable smooth-dry crosslinked cellulose is produced by modifying cellulose-containing material with the combination of a hydroxyalkylamine or a hydroxyalkyl quaternary ammonium salt, a methylolamide crosslinking agent and one or more reactively inert glycol ether swelling agents. The reaction is typically catalyzed with salts such as zinc nitrate or magnesium chloride used either alone or in conjunction with citric acid. Types of usable anionic dyes include acid, direct, and reactive dyes. The cellulose-containing material may be in the form of fibers, threads, linters, roving, fabrics, yarns, slivers and paper.

Abstract: A process for applying a reactive dye to a cellulosic substrate comprising:(a) adding one or more dyeing assistants selected from the condensation product of sulphonated diphenyl ethers, condensation product of sulphonated ditolyl ethers, condensation products of polydiphenylsulphones with formaldehyde and condensation products of polyditolyl sulphones with formaldehyde (and salts thereof) into an aqueous liquor, optionally together with a salt (hereinafter defined as Process Step a);(b) introducing the substrate into the dyebath and adding one or more reactive dyes, (hereinafter defined as Process Step b) ; and(c) fixing the dyestuff onto the substrate (hereinafter defined as Process Step c).

Abstract: A method of dyeing textile webs with reactive dyestuffs in which the dyestuff and alkali solutions are applied successively to the web separately and directly following one another in predetermined proportions to the dry weight of the web in a single machine pass.

Abstract: Cellulose fibers are dyed ecologically soundly with sulfur black dyes by the pad-dyeing process by avoiding sulfides as reducing agent by replacing them by a dithionite-based mixture with at least one reducing sugar. A high color yield, a deep black shade and good reproducibility are ensured. The preferred reducing sugar is glucose.

Abstract: The new disazo dyestuffs of the formula (I) ##STR1## in which the substituents and indices have the meaning given in the description, and salts thereof are outstandingly suitable for dyeing cellulose-containing materials and leather in blue shades having good wet- and light-fastnesses.

Abstract: The invention relates to dye mixtures which contain dyes of the formulae ##STR1## and to dyes of the formula ##STR2## in which A.sub.1, A.sub.2, A.sub.3, B, B.sub.1, R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4, R.sub.5, Z.sub.1, Z.sub.2, X.sub.1, X.sub.2 and X.sub.3 are as defined in claim 1. The dyes and dye mixtures are distinguished by generally good properties and produce dyeings and prints having good wet and light fastness properties.

Abstract: Water-soluble sulphur dyes can be applied to cellulose without reducing agents, without added salt and without oxidising agents if the cellulose has been grafted with a polymer obtained by polymerisation of at least one N-containing basic monomer.

Abstract: Water-soluble dyestuffs which correspond to the formula (1) given below, have fiber-reactive properties and dye synthetic and natural materials, in particular fiber materials, containing hydroxyl and/or carboxamide groups, such as wool and in particular cellulose fiber materials, in deep shades ##STR1## in which: F is the radical of a dyestuff, such as of an azo dyestuff, heavy metal complex azo dyestuff, anthraquinone dyestuff or phthalocyanine dyestuff,R.sup.x is hydrogen or lower alkyl, which can be substituted by halogen, hydroxyl, cyano, lower alkoxy, lower alkoxycarbonyl, carboxyl, sulfamoyl, sulfo or sulfato;n is the number 1 or 2; andQ is a group of the formula ##STR2## in whichR.sup.

Abstract: Mixtures of different oligomer compounds of formula (1) are suitable for use as direct dyes for dyeing and printing a wide range of materials, especially cellulose fibers, to give dyeings and prints of good all-round fastness properties: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is hydrogen or unsubstituted or substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl or aralkyl, R independently has the meaning of R.sub.1 or is an unsubstituted or substituted heteroaryl radical or a radical of formula ##STR2## wherein R.sub.4 is unsubstituted or substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, aralkyl or heteroaryl, A is an unsubstituted or substituted alkylene, cycloalkylene, arylene or aralkylene radical, X is --O--, --S-- or --N(R.sub.5)--, wherein R.sub.5 is hydrogen or unsubstituted or substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl or aralkyl, or wherein the group ##STR3## is an unsubstituted or substituted heterocyclic radical, Y is C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy, halogen, sulfo, carboxy, carbamoyl, N-mono- or N,N-di-C.sub.1 -C.sub.

Abstract: A dyeing method comprising a process of treating a cellulose fiber textile product with cationic compound and another process of treating the thus-treated textile product by immersing it in a dispersion containing thermochromic material and/or photochromic material.

Abstract: Aqueous processes and compositions of the invention for obtaining a "stone-washed", distressed or "used and abused" look in clothing, particularly in the panels and seams of denim jeans and jackets involve compositions that are stone-free that avoid mechanical abrasion of the fabric. In particular, the process and composition of the invention used to obtain the distressed, "stone-washed" or "acid washed look" are free of common pumice or pumice-bleach compositions, used in large institutional-size laundry machines, and rely solely on the chemical action of aqueous treatment compositions. The aqueous treatments can be made from liquid or solid concentrates.

Abstract: The invention relates to reactive dye mixtures comprising the reactive dyes of the formulae ##STR1## in which X.sub.1, X.sub.2 and X.sub.3 are reactive radicals bonded via a diaminoalkylene bridge and the other substituents are as defined in claim 1.The reactive dye mixtures are suitable for dyeing and printing cellulosic fibre materials and give wet- and light-fast dyeings in luminous blue shades.

Abstract: Low toxicity, biodegradable salt substitutes for use in dyeing of cotton and cotton blended fabrics. The salt substitutes are solubilized alkaline earth metal-organic complex compositions suitable to promote satisfactory dyeing. Preferably the composition is a mixture of magnesium acetate, magnesium citrate, and magnesium polyacrylate. After dyeing, a shift to alkaline pH in the wastewater treatment process allows for precipitation of the metal and the production of a biodegradable organic anion. The use of the salt compounds of the present invention in place of conventional sodium chloride or sulfate salts prevents the discharge of untreatable toxic wastewater into natural waterways.

Abstract: 1. A process comprisinga) a two liquor process for treating a cellulosic substrate with alkali and applying a dye to the substrate characterized by pad treating the substrate with alkali and dyeing by pad dyeing or printing with a reactive dyestuff without an intermediate washing step; orb) a one liquor process for treating a cellulosic substrate with alkali and a dye characterized in that the substrate is pad treated with alkali and reactive dye.

Abstract: A water-soluble reactive dye of the formula:D.sup.1 --Z.sup.1 --NR.sup.1 --T--NR.sup.2 --Z.sup.2 --D.sup.2 (1)whereineach of D.sup.1 and D.sup.2, independently, represents the radical of a water-soluble chromophoric compound,each of Z.sup.1 and Z.sup.2, independently, represents a triazine or pyrimidine residue carrying an atom or group imparting fibre-reactivity to the dye,R.sup.1 represents an optionally substituted alkyl radical,R.sup.2 represents hydrogen or an optionally substituted alkyl radical, andT represents a 1,3- or 1,4-phenylene radical which may carry one or more substitutents selected from halogen, alkyl, alkoxy, acylamino, nitro and carboxy.

Abstract: In a process for transfer pattern printing of a moist textile web consisting wholly or predominantly of natural fibers, in particular cotton, and/or artificial fibers on the basis of cellulose, the pattern carrier web is a web of paper or a paper-like material which carries a pre-printed pattern of a water soluble or dispersable dye. After wetting of the textile web to a carefully controlled moisture, the textile web is joined with the pattern carrier web and the joined webs are compressed at a suitable pressure so that the pattern can be transferred without using heat. The advantage is that it will be possible to avoid both heating and use of organic solvents. It is also possible to transfer a pattern to a colored textile web since the textile web may be wetted before hand with an aqueous dye solution or dispersion instead of undyed liquid.

Abstract: A colored polymer containing repeat units derived from at least one azo dye which is free from water-solubilizing groups and contains at least one polymerizable olefinically unsaturated group and has the formula:A--N.dbd.N--Ewherein A represents the residue of a carbocyclic or heterocyclic diazotisable amine containing at least one electron-withdrawing substituent and E represents the residue of a carbocyclic or heterocyclic coupling component with the proviso that when both A and E are carbocyclic, the residue of the diazotisable amine does not contain a nitro or chloro substituent except when another different electron-withdrawing substituent is also present, the or each polymerizable group being attached to a carbon atom forming part of residue A or E.

Abstract: Preparations of water-soluble reactive dyestuffs containing pyridine derivatives of the formula ##STR1## or salts of, in which the substituents have the meanings given in the description, are highly suitable for the dyeing of cellulose materials.

Abstract: There is disclosed a process for dyeing cellulosic fibre materials with vat dyes, which comprises adding to the dyebath all or some of the auxiliary chemicals required for the dyeing process, and subsequently, after a pretratment time, adding the vat dye or its leuco form with the aid of a metering device to the dyebath, and dyeing the fiber materials by optionally increasing the temperature of the dyebath.Level dyeings are obtained with the novel process, the cellulosic material having a perfectly level appearance as well as good light- and wetfastness properties.

Abstract: In an existing isothermal dyeing process, the alkali required for dye fixation is added to the neutral dyebath under linear or progressive program control. In this process, the amount of alkali added per unit time is small at the beginning and is increased progressively and in accordance with a program. This process passes through a certain (non-controlable) initial phase until the start of dye fixation on the cellulose. As a consequence the rate of fixation passes through a maximum before gradually decreasing when the final state of the dyeing is reached. To shorten the initial phase (waiting time) of dye fixation and to slow down dye fixation during the steepest part, it has proved advantageous according to the invention to add the alkali in accordance with a parabolic program.

Abstract: Dyestuff mixtures containing one or more dyestuffs of the formula ##STR1## and one or more dyestuffs of the formula ##STR2## in which the substituents have the meanings given in the description are highly suitable for producing green cotton dyeings.

Abstract: A method for creating a design on a garment or fabric comprising preparing a patterning medium comprising a cellulose ether in a trough, adding onto the surface of said medium a fabric oxidizing or reducing agent in a desired pattern, contacting a garment or fabric with said surface of said medium for a time sufficient to permit the oxidizing or reducing agent to be transferred onto said garment and to partially oxidize or reduce the color in the garment or fabric, removing said garment or fabric from said medium, treating said garment or fabric with a neutralizing agent so as to neutralize excess oxidizing or reducing agent on said garment or fabric, and rinsing said garment or fabric with water so as to remove excess cellulose ether on said garment or fabric.

Abstract: A dyeing aid composition containing 1 to 60% by weight of a surfactant selected from (a) C.sub.8-24 alkyl or alkenyl alcohol sulfate, C.sub.14-18 alkane sulfonate and C.sub.10-14 alkyl benzenesulfonate; (b) castor oil containing 20-50 mols ethylene oxide, alkoxylated C.sub.8-24 alkyl or alkenyl alcohols, and alkoxylated C.sub.8-12 alkylphenols; from about 1 to about 25% by weight of sulfated hydroxyalkyl alkylpolyalkylene glycol ether corresponding to formula I ##STR1## in which R is a C.sub.1-6 alkyl radical, R.sup.1 is a C.sub.6-8 alkyl radical, M is an alkali metal or, ammonium cation, n=2 or 3 and x is a number of about 2 to about 10; and from about 1 to about 30% by weight of C.sub.

Abstract: Process for improving the color yield and the wet fastness properties of dyeings or prints produced with anionic dyes on cellulose fibre material, in which the fibre material is treated before dyeing or during a dyeing with a quaternary ammonium salt of the formula ##STR1## in which R is C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 alkyl, X is the group ##STR2## Hal is a halogen atom and Q.sup..crclbar. is the anion of an aromatic sulfonic acid or a C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 alkylsulfate ion.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the end-to-end dyeing of cellulosic fibres or cellulosic fibre blends with direct dyes by the pad dyeing process, which comprises padding said fibre materials with an aqueous liquor containing one or more deionized dyes and a migration inhibitor, then expressing the padded goods and subsequently fixing the dye thereon.The process of the invention is suitable for dyeing textile cellulosic fibres or cellulosic fibre blends end-to-end in shades of good allround fastness properties.

Abstract: The invention relates to a stable, dust-free commercial form comprising at least one water-soluble monoreactive dye which comprises a monofluoro-s-triazine reactive radical, and/or at least one water-soluble polyreactive dye in a polyvinyl alcohol envelope.The dyeings obtained with the stable, dust-free commercial form are distinguished by good general fastness properties.

Abstract: Concentrated dye solutions of dyes of the formula (1) shown in claim are described.The dye solutions are distinguished by a good storage stability and are suitable, in particular, for dyeing paper.

Abstract: A process for the subsequent dyeing of cellulose fibre materials with reactive dyestuffs by the exhaust method from a single bath is characterized in that the exhausted bath used for the previous dyeing is reused without any further purification operation after the volume, salt content and initial pH value have each been brought to the level required for the next dyeing.

Abstract: Anionically dyeable smooth-dry crosslinked cellulosic materials are produced by treatment of methylolamide crosslinked cellulosic materials with an alkali swelling agent such as sodium hydroxide prior to dyeing. Attainable color strength is dependent upon both the concentration and the contact time of the alkali swelling agent with the cellulosic material. Types of usable anionic dyes include acid, direct, and reactive dyes. The cellulose-containing material may be in the form of fibers, threads, linters, roving, fabrics, yarns, slivers and paper.

Abstract: There are disclosed quaternary ammonium salts which are obtainable by reacting basic carbamides containing a quaternizable nitrogen atom with epihalohydrins.These quaternary ammonium salts are particularly suitable for enhancing the color yield and the wet fastness properties of dyeings or printings produced on cellulosic fibre materials with anionic dye, e.g. reactive or direct dyes.

Abstract: A pattern or design is formed on an already dyed cellulose-containing fabric by wetting preselected portions of the fabric with a solution containing a bleaching agent, drying the wetted fabric by heating at about 100.degree. C., and washing the dried fabric free of residual chemicals.

Abstract: A reactive dye composition comprising a monoazo compound of the following formula (I) in the free acid form, ##STR1## and at least one member selected from monoazo compounds of the following formulas (II) to (IV) in each free acid form, ##STR2## wherein Z, Z' and Z'" are each --CH.dbd.CH.sub.2 or --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 Z.sub.1, --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 Z.sub.2 or --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 Z.sub.3, respetively, in which Z.sub.1, Z.sub.2 and Z.sub.3 are each a group capable of being split by the action of an alkali, Z" is --CH.dbd.CH.sub.2, and any one of X and Y is sulfo, and the other is hydrogen, exhibits superior dye performance such as solubility, storage stability and build-up property, and is useful for dyeing or printing fiber materials such as cellulose fiber in a red color excellent in various fastness properties.

Abstract: Process for producing pattern effects when dyeing or printing textile material in the absence of alkali or reducing agents, which comprises pretreating the textile material with a cationizing agent, drying, applying an oxidizing agent in the form of a pattern, drying and dyeing or printing with reactive, direct, acid, water-soluble sulfur dyes or pigment dyes in the absence of any alkali or reducing agent.

Abstract: Unsymmetrical triphendioxazine (TPD) reactive dyes of Formula (1) for the colouration of e.g. wool, silk, leather and cotton are claimed as well as intermediates for their manufacture. ##STR1## wherein W.sup.1 and W.sup.2 are different and each independently of the formula: ##STR2## R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 in each group defined by W.sup.1 or W.sup.2 independently represent H or an optionally substituted hydrocarbon radical or are joined together to form, with B and the two N atoms, a piperazine ring;each x independently has a value of 0 or 1;each B independently represents an optionally substituted divalent hydrocarbon radical;each Z independently represents a fibre-reactive group;T.sup.1 and T.sup.2 each independently represents H, Cl, Br, F, SO.sub.3 H or an optionally substituted alkyl or aryl radical;A.sup.1 and A.sup.2 each independently represents an alkyl, alkoxy, Cl, Br, COOH, SO.sub.

Abstract: Denim cotton warp yarns are rope-dyed with a benzoquinone dye of formula (I): ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.1 ', R.sub.2 ' and R.sub.3 ' commonly or independently represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, aryl, aralkyl, alkoxyl or alkoxyalkyl alone or in combination with a red .DELTA..sup.2,3' -biindolin-3,2'-dione dye and/or a blue indigoid dye or sequentially with the latter dye.

Abstract: Aqueous processes and compositions of the invention for obtaining a "stone-washed", distressed or "used and abused" look in clothing, particularly in the panels and seams of denim jeans and jackets involve compositions that are stone-free that avoid mechanical abrasion of the fabric. In particular, the process and composition of the invention used to obtain the distressed, "stone-washed" or "acid washed look" are free of common pumice or pumice-bleach compositions, used in large institutional-size laundry machines, and rely solely on the chemical action of aqueous treatment compositions. The aqeuous treatments can be made from liquid or solid concentrates.