Abstract: A method for controlling the feeding of a band saw blade in a horizontal band saw machine so that the band saw blade is fed at a uniform optimum cutting rate. A control system is provided for controlling the feeding speed and the driving speed of the band saw blade in such a manner that the ratio of the feeding speed to the driving speed is kept constant during a cutting operation and the ratio of cutting resistance to driving speed is maintained constant to provide a constant cutting power.

Abstract: An electrically operated automatic adjustment system for a reel blade lawn mower to provide the proper contact pressure and cutting clearance between the reel blade and the bedknife at all times. An electrical signal is generated across the bedknife and reel blade that functionally represents the contact pressure. One or more measurable parameters of the signal define an optimum contact pressure. A control circuit uses signal values to continuous monitor and drive (if necessary) a motor or other control device connected to either the bedknife or the reel blade to maintain the optimum spatial relationship between the bedknife and the reel blade for optimum cutting.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for sensing the position of a workpiece clamp on a workpiece positioning assembly of a computer-controlled machine tool such as a turret punch press including an X-axis traverse, a Y-axis traverse and, a workpiece support movable along the X-axis traverse and carrying the workpiece support. The method consists of the steps of providing a datum position on the X-axis for the control, providing a datum position on the Y-axis for the control, providing a datum position on the turret for the control, moving the member to the datum position on the X-axis at the beginning of each operating sequence, registering movement of the member along the X-axis traverse, moving the member passed sensor means to identify for the control the position of the member relative to the datum position on the X-axis. Apparatus for carrying out the method is also provided.

Abstract: Apparatus for subdividing a paper web into a series of discrete sheets and for transporting the sheets to a processing station has a cross cutter whose knife holders can be driven at several speeds, and a sheet intercepting device downstream of the nip of the holders. The position of the entire intercepting device is changed in automatic response to changes in the speed of the knife holders to ensure that the inlet of the intercepting device can receive the leaders of successive sheets, even though the direction of advancement of such leaders is likely to change, e.g., in response to more or less pronounced curling, as a result of acceleration or deceleration of the knife holders and as a function of the thickness and/or composition of the web.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for controlling the cutting feed of band saw machines for obtaining an optimum feed rate with the same safety against straying of the saw cut, according to which the saw band is maintained continuously within the area of its teeth under a residual tensile stress (.sigma..sub.Z.sbsb.Res) adjusted at least approximately to a constant value. For this purpose, a desired value is selected for the residual tensile stress, determined experimentally under practical conditions, which is correspondingly converted in case of load conditions of the saw blade deviating from the experiment, and this desired value is compared with the actual value. The actual value (.sigma..sub.Z.sbsb.Res) is derived as a difference from the tensile stress (Z) in the critical saw band point and the bending stress .sigma..sub.B caused by the feed, to be .sigma..sub.Z.sbsb.Res =.sigma.Z-.sigma.B>0.

Abstract: A saw unit, especially for wood machining, comprises two saw parts, the sawteeth alternately connected to one or the other saw part. The saw parts are mutually displaceable in the direction of tooth travel and/or in the direction of travel of the object being sawed to adjust the relative positions of the teeth. Thus, the cutting effect can be varied at both saw parts. Thus, the side-forces in the saw cut can be controlled in a desired way during sawing to enable the saw unit to be steered in a desired manner.

Abstract: A bread slicing machine comprises a grid (20) of vertically set blades (22) which are reciprocated longitudinally by an oscillator (29) driven by an electric motor (M2). Bread to be sliced is fed to the grid (20) by a horizontally reciprocable table (13) which is moved by a chain-drive system (16) driven by an electric motor (M1). The rate of feed of the loaf carriage (13) is controlled automatically according to the cutting effort required by means of a current limiting element (61) in the electrical supply circuit for motor (M1). Additionally, a temperature limit switch (60) acting as an interrupter is connected to the power supply of motor (M1) and is arranged so that during current limiting operation of element (61) the interrupter (60) is operable to disconnect the power supply to motor (M1) in the event of the monitored temperature exceeding a preset level.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for controlling the feeding of a bandsaw blade in a horizontal bandsaw machine so that the bandsaw blade operates at a uniform optimum cutting rate. The cutting rate of the bandsaw blade is maintained constant by controlling the feeding speed of the blade into material being cut as a function of (1) the cross-sectional cut length at a time interval and (2) the feeding position of the bandsaw blade into the material.

Abstract: A cutting head for a glass cutting machine includes a cylinder, a piston movable in the cylinder in one direction to a cutting plane under control of compressed air from a source communicated to the cylinder to act on an upper face and move the piston in opposition to a bias force, a rod attached to and movable with the piston and a cutting wheel carried at the end of the rod for cutting a glass sheet from a glass blank. A port is formed through the wall of the cylinder and means connected to the port responsive to a rapid rise in pressure function rapidly to isolate the cylinder from the source of compressed air and to vent the cylinder. During a cutting operation, the piston seals the port. If the cutting wheel should move beyond the extremes of the glass blank or for any reason move further in the one direction, following movement of the piston shall open the port and the cutting wheel will rapidly retract to and beyond the cutting plane without damage to the cutting wheel.

Abstract: A foodstuff such as a sausage is sliced in a predetermined slicing direction into a succession of slices each having a respective width measured parallel to the slice direction. This succession of slices is then deposited on a support in a plurality of rows with the slices in each row offset from one another by a predetermined first distance and the rows offset from each other by a predetermined second distance. The width of the slices is continuously measured as they are cut and at least one of the distances is automatically varied in dependence of the measured width to produce a uniformly overlapping array of slices. In addition the machine can calculate the weight of a given slice by combining the width with the slice thickness and the slice density, and this weight can be divided into a desired weight to determine how many slices at the predetermined size are needed to make up the desired weight. A signal can indicate then when this weight is reached.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for controlling the feeding of a band saw blade involves detecting the wear of the blade or changes in cutting resistance as a result of such wear during a cutting operation and controlling the feeding of the band saw blade in accordance with the detected wear or cutting resistance resulting from such wear.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for controlling the feeding of a bandsaw blade in a horizontal bandsaw machine so that the bandsaw blade is fed at a uniform optimum cutting rate. A control system is provided for controlling the feeding speed and the driven speed of the bandsaw blade in such a manner that the ratio of the feeding speed to the driven speed is kept constant during a cutting operation.

Abstract: A web sectioning apparatus wherein web sectioning occurs through engagement or interference of the cutting edges of a rotatable knife assembly with the surface of a drum and wherein an indicator is provided for generating a signal indicative of the force resulting from such interference.

Abstract: An apparatus for continuously forming containers, filling the containers with material and packing the containers containing material includes a heating device for heating a bottom sheet of thermoplastic resin supplied intermittently thereto, a forming device for forming container portions from the heated bottom sheet while keeping the latter continuous, a filling device for filling said container portions with material, a sealing device for sealingly covering the container portions with a cover sheet bearing pitch marks corresponding to symbol marks printed thereon, a punching device for removing the sealed containers from the continuous bottom material sheet, and is characterized by that a mark reading device is disposed at a position separated from the sealing device by a distance equal to a distance between the forming device and the sealing device, that a device is associated with at least one of the sealing device and the punching device for forwardly or reversely moving at least one of the sealing devi

Abstract: Apparatus for processing a log after scanning dimensionally by feeding the log along a longitudinal axis through a cutting means mounted adjacent the axis. The apparatus has a carriage mounted on rails for movement along the rails parallel to the longitudinal axis, and a clamp on the carriage which clamps the log on side faces thereof for feeding into the cutting means. The apparatus has orienting structure cooperating with the carriage and clamp to move the clamp relative to the longitudinal axis to re-position the log in a desired orientation relative to the axis and in accordance with the scanned dimensions. The cutting device initially cuts a lower datum face of the log which supports a forward end of the log when released from a respective clamp, and then cuts two side datum faces which engage guides to prevent rotation of the log after release by the clamp.

Abstract: In a horizontal bandsaw machine of the type having a base with a worktable for supporting a material, and a cutting head assembly carrying a cutting blade which is operable at varying speeds and which is arranged to perform a cutting operation on the material, the cutting head assembly being movable in one direction away from the material by a fluid-actuated mechanism fed by a pump from a fluid reservoir, and being movable in the opposite direction by means of gravity when feeding the cutting blade into the material, a control system for controlling the movement of the cutting head assembly in the aforesaid opposite direction, comprising a plurality of control valves and associated conduits for returning hydraulic fluid from the fluid actuated mechanism to the reservoir during movement of the cutting assembly in its opposite direction, the control valves being responsive in part to changes in the operating speed of the cutting blade.

Abstract: A numerically controlled nibbling machine including means for controlling the feed rate of the work piece with respect to the work tool of the machine and in which the feed distance or travel of the work piece is limited by a release time in which the work tool is disengaged from the work piece according to a predetermined number of strokes of the work tool per unit of time. The improvement of the invention comprises the provision of means for determining the release time of the work tool in a single stroke of the work tool for any number of strokes of the tool, and means for automatically determining the minimum accelerations and decelerations of the work piece required for travelling the feed distance and for forming a desired feed rate value for the work piece from the determined release time of the work tool and the feeding distance of the work piece per stroke.

Abstract: A moire contour map of a three-dimensional object is obtained by a moire contour measuring system. The moire contour map is used for making a profiling model to be used in a profiling machine to make a number of plates having configurations corresponding to the contour lines of the moire contour map. The number of plates prepared by the profiling machine are stacked to form a stack of plates having a contour approximately equivalent to the contour of the original three-dimensional object. The stacked plates are bound together and a surface smoothing cover or a filling agent is applied on the surface of the stacked plates to form a replica of the object.

Abstract: A numerically controlled nibbling machine in which the feed distance of a workpiece is limited by a release time during which a work tool is disengaged from the workpiece according to a predetermined number of strokes of the work tool per unit of time. The nibbling machine includes drive means for the work tool, means for controlling the feed rate of the workpiece with respect to the work tool, means for determining the release time in a single stroke of the work tool for every number of strokes of the tool per unit of time, and means for automatically determining minimum acceleration and deceleration of the workpiece required for travelling the feed distance and for forming a desired feed rate value for the workpiece from the release time and the feed distance of the workpiece. The improvement of the invention comprises the means for determining the release time further comprising switch means disposed in the path of the work tool for generating a stop command signal for the drive means for the work tool.

Abstract: A control system for controlling operating steps of a press and/or transfer mechanism therefor in dependence upon the position of a drive shaft of a drive mechanism of the press. The system includes a coded pulse generator supplying coded pulses indicative of the position of the drive shaft to a decoder from which decoded pulses are supplied to a control pulse distributor to an amplifying unit and appropriate regulating member for regulation of the operating step. A monitoring unit is also provided for monitoring the operation of the control system.

Abstract: A hydraulic driven press for embossing, bending, stamping, especially fine or precision blanking, comprising a plunger or ram guided in an upright or stand. The plunger or ram is supported at the stand by means of pressure chambers and a piston, the pressure chambers comprising at least one actuation pressure compartment and a counter pressure compartment which are supplied by a pump or the like with a pressurized medium. Devices measure and determine the displacement path of the plunger or ram and the plunger or ram speed as well as the delivered quantity of pressurized medium. There is also provided a regulation device for regulating plunger or ram movement as a function of the aforementioned measurement values.

Abstract: In a band sawing machine having an endless saw blade entrained over two saw pulleys and two hand guides, lateral displacements of the saw blade equilibrium position which occur during a sawing operation are countered by a corrective lateral movement of the saw blade relative to a feed path of the goods to be sawn, by laterally adjusting the position of at least one of the blades guides.

Abstract: An apparatus for squaring or trimming the edges of the elastomeric (uncured) cover of an industrial belt. An edge sensor is disposed to track each of the edges of a bare or uncovered carcass foward of the calender nip in which the cover is applied. Rotating trim blades for trimming excess gum from the respective edges of the covered belt are moved laterally proportionally to the algebraic sum of the deviations of the edges of the carcass from their respective ideal lines. Thus, an adequate but not excessive amount of the cover gum is provided to cover the respective edges of the carcass of the belt. The respective edge sensors are hydraulically connected with the trim blades for synchronized movement so as to maintain the described thickness of cover gum outwardly from the edges of the carcass.

Abstract: The control device controls the sewing speed of a sewing needle automatically in a manner such that the temperature of the sewing needle, subjected to the influence of heat generated by friction with the material being sewn, does not exceed an adjustable predetermined value. Respective measuring members determine the temperature of the sewing needle and the temperature of a reference needle mounted at a location spaced from the sewing needle, and are connected to the input of a differential comparator circuit providing the differential voltage of the measuring members. A signal generator is operatively associated with the sewing needle and produces output pulses responsive to reciprocation of the sewing needle, to control connection of the output of the differential comparator circuit to the input of the sewing machine motor control. The reference needle is substantially identical with the sewing needle.

Abstract: A control system for controlling operating steps of a press including a coded pulse generator for providing a coded pulse output in dependence upon the position of a drive shaft of a press drive and a signal generator responsive to the stroke rate of the press for providing an output signal proportional to the stroke rate of the press. A summing unit receives the coded pulse output from the coded pulse generator and the output signal of the signal generator for providing a corrected coded pulse output. A decoding unit is provided for decoding the corrected coded pulse output of the summing unit and for supplying a decoded pulse output to a pulse distributor which provides an output on at least one of a plurality of output paths in accordance with the decoded output of the decoding unit. At least one regulating member for controlling an operating step is coupled to the pulse distributor for receiving an output therefrom in accordance with the position of the drive shaft and the stroke rate of the press.

Abstract: A method of controlling the cutting feed speed of a saw frame of a band-sawing machine or a similar machine, whereby the change of cutting resistance to the saw blade is detected as a change in pressure of an oil pressure cylinder supporting the saw frame and by transforming such change into a voltage change by means of a piezoelectric element, the flow rate of a flow control valve provided in the pressure oil discharge circuit of the oil pressure cylinder is controlled by said detected voltage or the like and thereby the cutting feed speed is changed in response to the change of cutting resistance so as to maintain the cutting resistance to the saw frame at an optimum.

Abstract: A conveyor handling system, includes three paths along which articles travel, and a diverter located in an intermediate portion of the paths and operative to effect transfer between the paths. Sensors located upstream and downstream of the diverter monitor the rate at which the articles arrive at and leave the diverter. A comparator is responsive to the downstream sensor to cause the diverter to direct the articles between the paths in such a sense as to maintain the rates of flow of articles along the three paths downstream of the diverter substantially equal. A control unit responds to the upstream sensor to determine whether there is sufficient space for each article to be transferred transversely of the direction of motion to an adjacent path without reducing a predetermined minimum spacing requirement for the articles in each path. If there is insufficient space to effect a transfer, the control unit acts to inhibit the diverter from performing such a transfer.

Abstract: Apparatus for controlling repetitive cutting cycles on a work piece being cut by a cutting tool of a lathe. The apparatus is comprised of means for storing a plurality of coded signals to control a depth of cut, a length of cut, a removal and a return path for a cutting cycle, and a desired number of identical cutting cycles. Further provided is means for enabling successive and sequential movement of the cutting tool over a complete cutting cycle of the work piece. Also provided is means coupled and responsive to the enabling means for controlling a continuation of the cutting of the work piece over additional identical cutting cycles. The number of identical cutting cycles is predetermined by a coded signal received by the controlling means from the storing means, and the depth of the cut for each cycle is predetermined by a coded signal received by the enabling means from the storing means.

Abstract: A transfer machine and system is disclosed which automatically performs a series of marking, cutting, sorting, and the like operations in the manufacture of a large number of test material samples. The transfer machine operates under the control of a card or tape reader which provides coded information such as marking indicia, pattern number and thickness of the material for each test sample. This information is encoded, temporarily stored and then shifted in a series of parallel shift registers in sequence with the corresponding test sample as it progresses through each stage of the transfer machine. The contents of the shift registers at each stage are decoded to provide the control signals for the corresponding marking, cutting, sorting, and similar operations.

Abstract: A moving web or sheet of material in which an operation is to be performed, such as punching of a hole, is advanced past a pneumatic edge position sensor which is mounted on a carriage for movement transversely toward and away from the edge of the web. The movable carriage also supports the mechanism which is to perform the particular operation (e.g., a hole punching device) and a pneumatic cylinder is connected to the carriage to effect its movement toward or away from the edge of the web to follow any lateral displacement of the web. Operation of the motor is controlled in response to a change in position of the edge of the moving web with respect to the edge position sensor by a pneumatic control system which provides an immediate operation of the motor in response to the sensor and without a hunting tendency.