Abstract: An axial piston machine includes a housing and a rotary shaft is mounted in the housing. A plurality of radially spaced cylindrical bores are arranged concentrically around the shaft and a reciprocal piston is located in each bore. A plate is located at an angle of inclination with respect to the rotary shaft. Each piston is connected to the plate by a support body locator and first and second support bodies are located in the support body locator and are in contact with the opposed surfaces of the plate.

Abstract: A hydraulic axial piston machine (1) is disclosed, having a cylinder drum (2), which has at least one cylinder (5) in which a piston (9) is arranged to move back and forth, and having a control plate (3), which on rotation of the cylinder drum (2) and control plate (3) relative to one another connects the cylinder (5), in dependence on its position, to a fluid inlet and a fluid outlet (4), a pressure plate (6) being arranged between the cylinder drum (2) and the control plate (3) and having for each cylinder (5) a fluid path (14) between the control plate (3) and the cylinder drum (2). It is desirable for such a machine to be capable of operation also with a hydraulic fluid that has no or only slight lubricating properties. To that end, the cylinder (5) is lined with a bushing (10) of a friction-reducing plastics material which projects from the cylinder drum (2) and is inserted in the pressure plate (6).

Abstract: A retaining device for axial piston machines embodies a shoe plate with a plurality of openings radially disposed in it. On each side of each opening a substantially flat portion exists to maintain a tangential line of radial contact with the shoes. The shoe plate has a force transferring portion made up of a plurality of raised surfaces. The raised surfaces are arranged to apply two areas of axial contact on each shoe. The two areas of axial contact are generally diametrically opposed which keeps the shoes in sliding contact with the swash plate and thus substantially eliminates tipping of the shoes.

Abstract: A control system, method and apparatus are provided in which a rotatable wedge portion which is solidly mounted on a rotatable base engages piston and cylinder assemblies as the base rotates. The wedge is rotatable through various positions relative to the base, thus providing an adjustable tilt angle and different strokes for the pistons. In another embodiment, the single wedge is replaced by a double wedge assembly.

Abstract: A variable capacity refrigerant compressor has a rotating drive shaft, a plurality of single headed pistons reciprocating in respective cylinder bores for sucking, compressing and discharging refrigerant gas, a rotor element mounted on the drive shaft to be rotated with the drive shaft, a swash plate element engaged with the rotor element via a hinge unit and with the pistons via shoes, the swash plate element rotating with the rotor element and reciprocating the pistons. The swash plate changes its angle of inclination to vary the discharge capacity of the compressor, and the maximum angular position of inclination of the swash plate element is limited by an inclination limiting unit formed by a first contacting area formed in the rotor element, and a second contacting area formed in the swash plate so as to come into contact with the first contact area when the swash plate element reaches the maximum angle position of inclination.

Abstract: A rotary actuator (16) has an inner body (32) forming a rotor and at least one outer body (34) forming a stator. The inner body (32) and outer body (34) carry blades (40,44) arranged in an alternating manner and defining between them two series of variable volume chambers. The cross-section of the chambers and the height of the triangular blades (40,44) decreases from one end to the other, as a result of a substantially frustum-shape of the inner body (32). Such an actuator (16) can be used for controlling an aircraft rudder or control surface and it is then positioned along the articulation axis of the rudder or control surface.

Abstract: A positioning device having a high rigidity and smooth positioning characteristics. The positioning device holds a piston formed integrally with a table within a cylinder and has pressure-adjusting elements in two pressurizing chambers in the cylinder partitioned with the piston. A gas is ejected into a clearance between the piston and the cylinder to hydrostatically support the piston. The emitted gas is introduced into the two pressurizing chambers to drive the piston and the table by the pressure difference between the pressurizing chambers. The pressure-adjusting elements include nozzles for emitting the gas in the pressurizing chambers and pressure-adjusting bodies for changing the opening degree of the ejecting port of the nozzles.

Abstract: A variable displacement hydraulic system contains a housing, a cylinder block provided with a plurality of pistons movable in reciprocation, and a swash plate for controlling reciprocation of each of the pistons so that the swash plate is slantwise rotatable along a slidable contact surface of arcuate shape. A thrust metal is mounted to an arcuate contact surface of the housing. Arcuate plates having smooth surfaces of high sliding efficiency are fixed onto outwardly curved portions formed at the rear surface of the swash plate, which is in contact with the thrust metal. Alternatively, a smooth surface layer having a high sliding efficiency is formed on the swash plate by applying chemical processes, thereby reducing the sliding resistance of the swash plate and improving the ease with which the swash plate is restored to the neutral position.

Abstract: A piston for use in a reciprocating piston machine having a wobble plate has a first segment and a second segment axially spaced from and aligned with the first segment. A bridge segment connects the first and second piston segments for simultaneous reciprocal movement and at least one body is attached to the bridge segment to connect the piston to a wobble plate.

Abstract: A variable displacement type compressor having a rotary shaft, a swash plate with a through hole into which the rotary shaft is inserted for inclining movement of the swash plate, a lug plate mounted on the rotary shaft, a hinge mechanism between the lug plate and the swash plate for guiding the inclining movement of the swash plate. The displacement of the compressor varies by adjusting the inclined angle of the swash plate. The swash plate is connected through the hinge mechanism to the rotary shaft on two points and directly contacts the rotary shaft at a single contact point located on the inner periphery of the through hole.

Abstract: A swash plate actuating device for an axial piston unit has a swash plate tiltably mounted within the housing. A pair of axially aligned actuating chambers defined in the housing slidably receive the opposite ends of an elongate actuator and are disposed on opposite sides of a distal end portion formed on an actuator lever connected to the swash plate. A connector has a mounting portion spanning a transverse slot in the actuator and seated on a planar surface of the actuator. A guide portion of the connector is disposed within the transverse slot and has a bearing slot slidably receiving the distal end portion of the actuator lever.

Abstract: A hinge ball for a variable capacity wobble plate compressor includes a central through hole 27 for permitting a shaft 5 to loosely extend therethrough, and an outer peripheral wall 9b in a convex form for being slidably fit with an inner peripheral wall 43a in a concave form of a boss 43 of a drive hub 41 rotatively fitted on the shaft 5. The shaft 5 is higher in hardness than the hardness of the boss 43 of the drive hub 41, and the outer peripheral surface 9b in sliding contact with the inner peripheral surface 43a of the boss 43 of said drive hub 41 is lower in hardness than the hardness of the shaft 5 and the boss 43 of the drive hub 41 or equal in hardness thereto. The hardness of the inner peripheral wall 9a defining the central through hole 27 is made higher than the hardness of the boss 43 of the drive hub 41.

Abstract: A swash plate type hydraulic motor switchable between high speed and low speed, comprises a main case, a cylinder block supported in the main case to be rotatable about a rotational axis, the cylinder block including a plurality of plungers having longitudinal axes extending parallel to the rotational axis, a swash plate supported in the main case for contacting forward ends of the plungers and pivotable about a pivotal axis between a high speed position and a low speed position, the pivotal axis extending parallel to a plane perpendicular to the rotational axis, and two trunnions projecting on the pivotal axis from opposite peripheral positions of the swash plate.

Abstract: The hinge unit K of a variable capacity swash plate type compressor has support arms protruded to the back side of a rotor on the rotating drive shaft, and guide pins, one end of which is fixed to a rotatable and wobbling swash plate. The support arms have guide holes (guide surfaces) which extend in a predetermined direction having an angle .alpha. with respect to an axis perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the drive shaft. Sections perpendicular to the center lines L.sub.1 of the guide holes are formed into at least a partial circle. A spherical elements of the guide pins are slidably and rotatably engaged with the guide holes of the support arms to be in line contact with the guide surface of the guide holes. The angle .alpha. is set so that the top clearance TC of the respective pistons at both maximum and minimum compression capacities of the compressor is equivalent.

Abstract: A variable displacement compressor that varies its displacement by altering the inclination of a swash plate. A drive shaft is supported rotatably within a housing. A rotor is fixed to the drive shaft. A swash plate is mounted on the drive shaft and adapted to slide and incline with respect to the shaft. A hinge mechanism operably connects the swash plate to the rotor. A plurality of pistons, each accommodated in one of the bores and coupled to the swash plate, are reciprocated in the bore by the rotation of the swash plate. The hinge mechanism includes a guide pin that projects from the swash plate and includes a joint. A support arm projects from the rotor. The support arm includes a receptacle which accommodates the joint and extends toward the drive shaft. A bushing is accommodated within the receptacle and slides along a wall of the receptacle. The bushing is provided with an interior space to accommodate the joint.

Abstract: A variable displacement mechanism for a swash plate hydraulic pump or motor, in which a swash plate, a swash plate guiding wall, a tilting control piston, and a swash plate tilting guiding and swash plate rotation preventing pin are included for varying the requiring flow rate (volumetric displacement) per revolution without the rotation of the swash plate even during the tilting of the swash plate angle and during the rotation of the hydraulic pump or motor. The periphery of the swash plate is spherical for smoothing the tilting of the swash plate, and a securing pin accommodating slot is formed on the lower portion of the swash plate. Further, there are provided a securing pin for preventing rotation of the swash plate, and a bore formed on the bottom of a front cover for installing the securing pin.

Abstract: A wobble yoke mechanism for converting reciprocating motion to rotary motion (or vice versa) in which each of two yokes (4) are connected to beams (3) by bearings (10, 10', 15, 15') having only one degree of freedom. The two yokes are 90.degree. out of phase. An eccentric bearing (15), also having only one degree of freedom, is fitted to or about the nutating shaft (16) and is connected to one end of each of the yokes (3). All the axes of the pairs of bearings pass through a central pivot point (5). The axes of the pistons need not be straight nor need they be parallel with the axis of the crankshaft (12).

Abstract: A variable displacement hydraulic piston machine that includes a shaft mounted for rotation within a housing, a plurality of pistons in a cylinder block coupled to the shaft, a yoke engaged by the pistons for controlling displacement of the pistons in the cylinder block, and saddle bearings pivotally mounting the yoke to a base within the housing. Each saddle bearing includes arcuate inner and outer bearing races fixed to the yoke and the housing base respectively, a plurality of rolling elements captured by a cage between the races, and a timing lever positioning and retaining the races and the cage with respect to each other. The timing lever has a central portion pivotally mounted to the bearing between the bearing races, and opposed end portions pivotally received in the housing base and yoke.

Abstract: A variable displacement axial piston hydraulic unit (11) has a cradle surface (41) and a swashplate (35) with a convex surface (43). A roller bearing assembly (45) includes a bearing cage (49) defining a slot (53). Bearing clocking is accomplished by a link member (55) which is a rigid, unitarily formed member including several portions. A first portion (57) is pivotally mounted relative to the housing (13). A second portion (67) pivots and slides within an elongated slot (65) defined by the swashplate (35). A clocking portion (69) pivots and slides within the slot (53). The clocking arrangement of the present invention is simple and inexpensive, yet performs the clocking function in an extremely accurate manner.

Abstract: A hydraulic axial piston machine is disclosed, having an inclined plate (7), on which a slider shoe (9) of at least one piston slides on relative movement between a cylinder body (2) receiving the piston and the inclined plate (7), and a pressure plate (10) articulated on the cylinder body (2) and holding the slider shoe (9) in engagement with the inclined plate. It is desirable for such a machine also to be operable with a hydraulic fluid that has no lubricating properties. For that purpose, between the pressure plate (10) and the cylinder body (2) there is arranged a bearing element (18) with a bearing surface (19) of plastics material, which slides with low friction on a counterpart (15) made of metal lying against the bearing surface (19).

Abstract: A drive hub-receiving surface 40c of a thrust flange 40 is set substantially at a right angle to the axis of a shaft 5, whereby when the compressor drastically enters the maximum delivery quantity condition, an abutment portion 41c of a drive hub 41 substantially perpendicularly abuts on the drive hub-receiving surface 40c of the thrust flange 40. This prevents load from perpendicularly acting on the shaft 5, causing substantially no elastic deformation of the shaft 5. Further, under the maximum delivery quantity condition, the abutment portion 41c of the drive hub 41 perpendicularly abuts on the drive hub-receiving surface 40c, so that compression reaction forces acting from a piston 7 to the drive hub 41 are absorbed by the drive hub-receiving surface 40c of the thrust flange 40, thereby decreasing the vibration of the drive hub 41.

Abstract: A variable capacity swash plate type compressor adapted to being driven by a vehicle engine without the intervention of a solenoid clutch and having a drive shaft rotating about an axis of rotation thereof, a swash plate capable of nutating to cause reciprocatory suction and compression motions of pistons in cylinder bores and of pivoting about a pivoting axis thereof to change an angle of inclination thereof with respect to a plane perpendicular to the axis of the drive shaft, the swash plate being pivotable from a 0.degree. inclination position to a large inclination angle position by setting a product of inertia of the swash plate so that a moment is automatically generated to move the swash plate from the 0.degree. inclination position to a large inclination angle position in response to the slowest possible rotation of the swash plate.

Abstract: A variable displacement hydraulic motor having a swash plate angle adjusting structure. This hydraulic motor has a main case, a rotary shaft rotatably supported in the main case, a plurality of cylinder blocks rotatable with the rotary shaft and including axial plungers, a swash plate member for contacting distal ends of the plungers, pivot shafts for pivotally connecting the swash plate member to the main case such that the swash plate member has a pivoting angle adjustable relative to the main case, and a first and a second hydraulic cylinders arranged at opposite sides of the pivot shafts as seen in a direction parallel to the rotary shaft. The first and second hydraulic cylinders are secured in a region of the main case opposed to the cylinder blocks across the swash plate member. The hydraulic cylinders are operable to contact the swash plate member to adjust the pivoting angle thereof.

Abstract: In a housing 1, 2, a rotor 11 is secured to a drive shaft 6 and a sleeve 12 is supported movably. A rotary swash plate 14 is tiltably supported on the sleeve 12 and is coupled to the rotor 11. Coupled to the rotary swash plate 14 are pistons 8 which move in the respective bores 9. A fluid is supplied to each bore 9 from a suction chamber 20, and a fluid compressed by each piston 8 is discharged to a discharge chamber 21. A control valve 25 controls the difference between the pressure in the suction chamber 20 and the pressure in a crank chamber 5 to change the inclination angle of the rotary swash plate 14, so that the discharge displacement of a compressor becomes variable. In the housing 1, a spool 32 is movably provided while enclosing the drive shaft 6.

Abstract: A variable capacity swash plate type compressor having a hinge unit having a support arm protruding from a back side of a rotor, and a guide pin having one end thereof fixed onto a rotatable swash plate. The support arm has guide holes or guide surfaces which are parallel with a plane passing through a central axis "O" of a drive shaft and the top dead center position of the swash plate, the holes extending in a direction in which the holes approach the drive shaft from the outer edge of the rotor. Sections taken so as to be perpendicular to the center lines of the holes (guide surfaces) can be circular. A spherical element interacting with the guide holes is arranged at the end of the guide pin away from the rotatable swash plate. Thus, the spherical element of the guide pin interacts with the guide holes so that the suction force, compressive reaction force and torque are sustained on a line.

Abstract: A variable-capacity swash plate type compressor including a tiltable swash plate and a rotor supported by a drive shaft and connected to the swash plate by a hinge mechanism for controlling the tilting angle of the swash plate to change the capacity of the compressor. The hinge mechanism includes a pair of support arms extending from the rotor on either side of the top dead center position of the swash plate having holes, and a pair of guide pins extending from the swash plate and having balls fitted in the holes of the support arms. The holes are circular holes having different diameters. Alternatively, the holes are a circular hole and an oblong hole having a long width in the rotating direction.

Abstract: The disclosure is directed primarily to pairs of unique nutating gears which are used for restraining the rotation of the wobbler portion of the split swash-plates of both variable- and fixed-displacement hydraulic machines in which the pistons reciprocate in fixed cylinders. Each pair consists of an internal gear fixed to the housing and an external gear fixed to the outer circumferential surface of the wobbler. Using any one of four different tooth designs, the gears simultaneously share two centers of meshing engagement when nutating, and they do not interfere with the complex lemniscate motion of the wobbler. This wobbler mounting arrangement results in significant size and weight reductions which are further enhanced by sliding shoe bearing assemblies that carry the axial loads developed by the machine's reciprocating pistons. The hydraulic machine is also provided with a modular design that makes it possible to make significant changes in displacement size with minimal changes in machine structure.

Abstract: An improved CV joint type of torque restraint for the socket plate of a variable capacity piston compressor. The inner and outer races of the joint have straight ball tracks arrayed along over lapping conical surfaces, with four balls captured therebetween. The inner race is fixed stationary and solid to the cylinder block, while the outer race is fixed to the socket plate. There is no provision for the inner race to shift axially relative to the compressor housing. When the socket plate changes its basic angle relative to the compressor central axis, the balls simply shift within the ball tracks to compensate.

Abstract: In a housing, a rotor is secured to a drive shaft, and a sleeve is supported movably on the drive shaft. A rotary swash plate is tiltably supported on the sleeve and is coupled to the rotor. Coupled to the rotary swash plate are pistons which move in the respective bores. A refrigerant is supplied to each bore from a suction chamber, and the refrigerant compressed by each piston is discharged from the bores to a discharge chamber. A control valve controls the difference between the pressure in the suction chamber and the pressure in a crank chamber to change the inclination angle of the rotary swash plate, so that the discharge displacement of a compressor becomes variable. In the housing, a spool is slidably provided while enclosing the drive shaft. With the spool advancing into the crank chamber, (when the sleeve engages with the spool,) shifting of the rotary swash plate is restricted to the position that sets the discharge displacement of the discharge chamber to a predetermined restricted displacement.

Abstract: An improved hydrostatic transmission which is compact, reliable and economical to manufacture, including a novel apparatus for reducing the speed of the input to the transaxle using both hydraulics and mechanical gearing; an improved differential which is stronger and less complicated than prior art designs; a more effective and efficient apparatus for braking the transaxle, an improved apparatus for hydraulically bypassing the hydrostatic transmission and a unique check valve arrangement for maintaining oil pressure within the hydrostatic transmission. Also, an apparatus is provided for diverting the hydraulic fluid to a sump by lifting a cylinder block from a running surface of the hydrostatic transmission to quickly drain the fluid.

Abstract: A continuously variable hydrostatic transmission includes an input shaft connected to drive a hydraulic pump unit, a grounded hydraulic motor unit, and an output shaft. A wedge-shaped swashplate is pivotally mounted to the output shaft in driving connection to receive output torque resulting from the exchange of pressurized hydraulic fluid between the pump and motor units through specially configured ports in the swashplate. A hydraulically actuated ratio controller is pivotally linked to the swashplate to selectively adjust the swashplate angle relative to the output shaft axis and thereby change transmission ratio.

Abstract: An axle driving apparatus has in a housing a hydrostatic transmission with a variable displacement type hydraulic system having a slantingly movable swash plate. In one embodiment, the movable swash plate is manually slantingly operable. A leg member integrally extends from an inner wall of the housing, a lid for closing an opening of the housing, or a center section. The leg member has a support portion for supporting a shaft provided on an axis of rotation of the movable swash plate. Accordingly, the movable swash plate is suspended in the housing for slanting or pivoting movement.

Abstract: An axle driving apparatus which is so constructed that an input pulley for engine power is set lower in mounting position with respect to the axis of a driving axle so as to enable the platform of a vehicle to be lowered. The engine position lowers to promote miniaturization, a lower center of gravity and running stability of the vehicle. For maintenance of the transmission for driving the axle, the entire axle driving apparatus need not be removed from the frame of the vehicle. A bearing for supporting the axle to the casing is held with exact dimensional precision so as not to cause a backlash on the axle, to thereby prolong the life span of the bearing. The axle is ensured to be sealed, the number of mounting bolts for the casing need not be increased in order to improve rigidity, and the casing is strong so that the assembly time for the axle driving apparatus is minimized.

Abstract: A slant plate type compressor with a variable displacement mechanism is disclosed. The compressor includes a compressor housing having a cylinder block provided with a plurality of cylinders and a crank chamber. A piston is slidably fitted within each of the cylinders and is reciprocated by a drive mechanism. The drive mechanism includes a drive shaft rotatably supported by the compressor housing, a cam rotor fixed on the drive shaft, and a slant plate having a surface with an adjustable incline angle. The incline angle is varied in accordance with the pressure in the crank chamber. A wobble plate is disposed adjacent the slant plate to convert the rotating motion of the drive shaft, the rotor, and the slant plate into the reciprocating motion of the pistons which are coupled to the wobble plate through corresponding connecting rods. A hinged joint mechanism hingedly connects an arm portion of the slant plate to an arm portion of the rotor to permit variations in the incline angle of the slant plate.

Abstract: A continuously variable transmission includes a pump (258) driven by an input shaft (256) against a wedge-shaped swashplate (260). Hydraulic fluid pressurized in the pump flows through ports (402) in a pump cylinder block (422) into kidney-shaped slots (406) in the swashplate (260), and from there flows into and pressurizes a series of cylinders (394) in a motor cylinder block (366). The pump and motor exert first and second components of torque on a swashplate (260) in the rotational direction on the input shaft (256), and the hydraulic system pressure in the swashplate slots exerts a third component of torque in the same direction on the swashplate (260). The third torque component is a product of the hydraulic system pressure and the differential area of the two ends of the high pressure slot (406P) at the narrow and thick sides of the wedge-shaped swashplate (260).

Abstract: A telescoping robot arm with singularity-free three degrees of motion freedom spherical joints is disclosed. The telescoping section and spherical joints are hydraulically operated to achieve a high power-to-weight ratio and use conventional seals of the type normally used on hydraulic pistons. The spherical joints of the instant invention are comprised of a generally spherical cavity containing a tiltable member with integral a retractable arcuate vanes interdigitized with retractable arcuate vanes in a non-tiltable member. A plurality of cavities is formed within the spaces between the interdigitized arcuate vanes of the instant invention, with the volume of these intervane cavities being controlled with an equal plurality of hydraulic valves. A plurality of spherical joints of the present invention may be interconnected with double acting telescoping sections of the present invention to form a robotic arm assembly.

Abstract: Transmitting actuating forces from an actuator to a swashplate of an axial piston unit through a pin extending from a lever of the swashplate induces torsional stresses in the lever. The present invention overcomes this problem by securing a lever to a swashplate so that a distal end portion thereof extends into a slot of an actuator. The distal end portion has a cylindrical shaped surface pivotally seated in a mating socket formed in a slide block positioned within the actuator slot. The actuating forces transmitted from the actuator to the lever are thus transmitted in a straight line motion with minimal torsional stresses introduced into the lever.

Abstract: A robotic assembly is provided that simulates the size, appearance and movement of a human torso. The torso includes a unique combination of high speed rotary and linear actuators arranged in a geometry that enables anatomically correct human-like movement, and which provides sufficient internal room and mounting surfaces for the actuators and related equipment such as hydraulic or pneumatic lines, electronic control circuits, valves, and audio playback devices. A preferred embodiment of the present invention provides up to nine degrees of freedom. The upper torso includes a pair of rotary arm actuators ("rotacs") for rotating arms up to 200 degrees. The rotacs are pivotally attached to a centrally located mounting structure for up-and-down motion (shoulder shrugging) and for forward-and-back motion (shoulder forward).

Abstract: A follow up mechanism for maintaining a timed positional relationship between a bearing cage of an arcuate roller bearing assembly and a swashplate supported by the bearing assembly includes a flexural elastic link pivotally connected to the bearing cage and having first and second ends slidably disposed within a first bore in a pump housing and a second bore in the swashplate, respectively. The bores are in axial alignment with each other when the swashplate is in the equivalent of its centered position thereby allowing blind assembly of the follow up mechanism thereby eliminating the need for an access opening in the side of the pump housing and the associated cover, gasket and bolts.

Abstract: A variable capacity type swash plate compressor includes a novel hinge means. The hinge means includes a supporter arm, a main guide pin, and an auxiliary guide pin. The supporter arm is disposed on the rotor projectably therefrom toward the swinging swash plate, and has a main guide hole extending perpendicularly with the driving shaft. The main guide pin is inserted rotatably into the main guide hole. The auxiliary guide pin is inserted slidably into a hole, formed in one of the main guide pin and the swinging swash plate, perpendicularly with the main guide pin at one end, and it is fixed to another one of the main guide pin and the swinging swash plate at the other end. With the hinge means, the top clearances of the pistons can be always maintained virtually uniformly, and the moments resulting from the compression reactive forces can be inhibited from interfering with the discharge capacity control. Additionally, the compressor can attain the reduction in the manufacturing costs.

Abstract: Arcuate bearings are useful, for example, in pivotally supporting a cradle swashplate of axial piston variable displacement hydraulic devices. The bearings of known hydraulic devices have either been a pair of laterally spaced roller bearings assembly or a pair of laterally spaced sleeve bearings. The subject hydraulic device includes a roller bearing assembly positioned between the swashplate and the housing at the side of the swashplate subjected to high loads and a less expensive sleeve bearing positioned between the swashplate and the housing at the other side of the swashplate subjected to low loads. By using this combination of bearings, the overall cost of the hydraulic device is reduced without impairing the operation of the hydraulic device.

Abstract: A swash-plate, plunger-type hydraulic pressure apparatus, which may operate as a hydraulic pump or motor, includes a cylinder block, an annular array of plungers slidably held in the cylinder block, a swash plate, a plurality of shoes angularly movably coupled respectively to the ends of the plungers, and a retainer plate mounted adjacent the swash plate and holding the shoes in slidable contact with the sliding surface. The shoes have respective annular grooves defined in the outer cylindrical surfaces thereof. The retainer plate has a plurality of shoe holding holes defined therein and a like plurality of cutout openings extending from the holes. The shoe holding holes communicate with one of outer and inner circumferential edges of the retainer plate through the cutout openings, respectively. The cutout openings have a width slightly larger than the outside diameter of the annular grooves, whereby the annular grooves can be inserted into the shoe holding holes, respectively, through the cutout openings.

Abstract: An axle driving apparatus which is so constructed that an input pulley for engine power is set lower in mounting position with respect to the axis of a driving axle so s to enable the platform of a vehicle to be lowered. The engine position lowers to promote miniaturization, a lower center of gravity and running stability of the vehicle. For maintenance of the transmission for driving the axle, the entire axle driving apparatus need not be removed from the frame of the vehicle. A bearing for supporting the axle to the casing is held with exact dimensional precision so as not to cause a backlash on the axle, to thereby prolong the life span of the bearing. The axle is ensured to be sealed, the number of mounting bolts for the casing need not be increased in order to improve rigidity, and the casing is strong so that the assembly time for the axle driving apparatus is minimized.

Abstract: A swash-plate plunger-type hydraulic device has a cylinder block with a plurality of plungers slidably fitted in cylinder bores, a swash plate confronting one end of the cylinder block, and a distribution valve plate slidably held against the other end of the cylinder block. The cylinder block has an odd number of circularly arrayed connecting ports communicating with the cylinder bores and opening at the other end thereof. The distribution valve plate has inlet and outlet ports. The cylinder block is rotatable through an angular displacement .theta.1 in which the hydraulic pressure in one connecting port between the inlet and outlet ports increases from a lower pressure to a higher pressure, through an angular displacement .theta.2 in which the hydraulic pressure in one connecting port between the inlet and output ports decreases from the higher pressure to the lower pressure, and through an angular displacement .theta.

Abstract: A swash-plate plunger-type hydraulic device has a cylinder block with a plurality of plungers slidably fitted in cylinder bores, a swash plate confronting one end of the cylinder block, and a distribution valve plate slidably held against the other end of the cylinder block. The cylinder block has an even number of circularly arrayed connecting ports communicating with the cylinder bores and opening at the other end thereof. The distribution valve plate has inlet and outlet ports. The cylinder block is rotatable through an angular displacement .theta.1 in which the hydraulic pressure in one connecting port between the inlet and outlet ports increases from a lower pressure to a higher pressure, through an angular displacement .theta.2 in which the hydraulic pressure in one connecting port between the inlet and output ports decreases from the higher pressure to the lower pressure, and through an angular displacement .theta.

Abstract: A variable capacity wobbling swash plate type compressing apparatus is provided with a housing (10), and a cylinder block (12) arranged in the housing; the cylinder block being provided with cylinder bores arranged radially with respect to the central axis of the housing and equidistantly to one another; the cylinder bores receiving therein pistons (16) to be slidable therein. A drive shaft (20) is arranged in a crank chamber (18) so as to extend along the central axis of the housing, and supports thereon a swash plate (40, 44) capable of wobbling about an axis perpendicular to a longitudinal axis of the drive shaft, and shoes (22) are arranged between the swash plate and the pistons for converting a rotation of the swash plate into reciprocation of the respective pistons.

Abstract: A variable displacement compressor comprises a housing containing a cylinder block, a plurality of pistons disposed in the cylinder block, a crank chamber, a rotatable drive shaft, a drive plate mounted on the drive shaft such that it may rotate integrally with the drive shaft, a rotary journal which can be pivoted with respect to the drive plate and a swash plate, supported on the rotary journal, for causing the pistons to compress a fluid. The inclination angle of the swash plate is controlled in relation to the internal pressure in each cylinder, and to the pressure in the crank chamber. The compressor further has a pin mechanism, pivotally mounted on the drive plate, for coupling the drive plate and the rotary journal. The pin mechanism is adapted to slide with respect to the rotary journal and to pivot with respect to the drive plate, when the rotary journal pivots with respect to the drive plate.

Abstract: A differential rotation control device with a hydraulic assembly includes two torque transmission assemblies. Each assembly has a first rotor with a pump-driven arrangement secured to a drive shaft which is common to both of the torque transmission assemblies, and a second rotor with a torque-receiving arrangement rotatably supported on the drive shaft. The torque-receiving arrangement is rotated when hydraulic power is applied to the pump-driven arrangement so that the rotation speed ratio between the first and second rotors can be variably set. The two pump assemblies each have a pump-driving arrangement assembled to the first rotor for constituting a circular route together with the pump-driven arrangement for circulating fluid. A pump-regulating arrangement controls fluid supplied to the pump-driven arrangement when the drive shaft is rotated relative to a pump-stator to which the pump-regulating arrangement is secured.

Abstract: A radial piston pump includes a pair of inboard trunions which provide tilting bearing support for the swashplate. The trunion blocks may be made from sections of ordinary cold rolled steel bar stock and attached to the end wall of the pump housing with externally accessible bolted connections which allow final precise alignment of the trunion blocks in the assembled pump. The swashplate includes a concave cylindrical bearing surface which rides on the trunion blocks and, to enable precision finishing and machining of the concave bearing surface in a simple manner. Two swashplates are made from a single metal casting in which a full cylindrical through bore can be accurately cut and finished, and the casting subsequently cut in two to provide two swashplates. The swashplate is mounted with its transverse tilt axis offset from the axis of the pump drive shaft in a direction providing a net imbalance in piston spring biasing force to urge the swashplate on-stroke to enhance start-up operation.

Abstract: A variable capacity swash plate type compressor having compression chambers formed on one side of the plungers only, and control chambers for controlling the capacity of the compressor provided on the other side of the plungers. The capacity of the compressor is controlled by adjusting the pressure in the control chambers, whereby the inclination of the swash plate is changed because the force exerted on the plunger by the pressure in the control chamber, i.e., the force moving the swash plate, is changed. Therefore, since the volume of the compression chambers is relatively small, and a higher control pressure can be used, the response and the stability of the capacity control is improved.