Abstract: A wear resistance reinforcing method for a sliding structure formed from at least a pair of components in a sliding relation and provided with a seal member on a sliding face of a first component. A wear-resistant metal-plated film formed from a metal having a predetermined reactivity with the material of the seal member is provided on a sliding surface of a second component. The present invention enables provision of a wear resistance reinforcing method and a sliding structure which improves workability of a film to impart wear resistance properties in addition to low unevenness in wear resistance properties.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for mounting a fastener screw (2, 3) on the base (5) of a brake cylinder (1). The method comprises the following steps: first, producing bores (8) in the base (5) of the brake cylinder (1) that have a smaller diameter than the diameter of the fastener screw (2, 3). Subsequently, the bore (8) is widened using a stamping tool (9) far enough that the fastener screw (2, 3) will fit through said bore, forming a collar (11). Finally, the collar (11) is reformed onto the fastener screw (2, 3) by a pressing process, whereby said collar engages in a groove (12) or a ribbing (15) of the fastener screw (2, 3), thus securing said screw.

Abstract: A piston-and-cylinder assembly, used in cooling sys terns that may include, for example, refrigerators, air-conditioning systems and the like. In order to solve the problems of volumetric loss (or of cooling capacity) of compressors in general, according to the present invention, one foresees configuring the cylinder (11) of the compression chamber in such a manner that the friction will be as low as possible in the phase in which the gas being compresses still does not exert a significant force onto the piston (10) top and will only have a significant effect during the phase in which the gas to be compressed exerts a greater force onto the piston (10), a moment when the volumetric loss impairs the efficiency of the compressor.

Abstract: A combination of a piston and a chamber, wherein the chamber defines an elongate chamber having a longitudinal axis, the chamber having, at a first longitudinal position thereof, a first cross-sectional area thereof and, at a second longitudinal position thereof, a second cross-sectional area, the second cross-sectional area being 95% or less of the first cross-sectional area, the change in cross-section of the chamber being at least substantially continuous between the first and second longitudinal positions, the piston being adapted to adapt itself to the cross-section of the chamber when moving from the first to the second longitudinal position of the chamber. The piston may comprise an umbrella-like support structure or a fibre enforced deformable container comprising a foam or a fluid. The combination may be used in a pump, a linear actuator, a motor, or a shock absorber.

Abstract: A hydraulic cylinder includes a cylinder having a shaft hole, a piston inserted into the shaft hole so as to have clearance with respect to an inner circumferential surface of the shaft hole, and seal members arranged in annular grooves formed in an inner circumference of the shaft hole to seal an annular gap between the inner circumference of the shaft hole and the piston, wherein in the hydraulic cylinder in which cavitation could occur in a portion of the clearance accompanying motion of the piston, an expansion part obtained by expanding a portion of a sidewall surface of the annular grooves on an inner circumferential edge side outward from an arrangement area of the seal members is provided to make a distance from a location where cavitation occurs to the seal members longer by a space formed by the expansion part.

Abstract: There is provided a pneumatic booster, comprising: a front shell; a rear shell; a housing formed as that respective openings of the front shell and the rear shell are integrally connected to each other, and a power piston arranged in the housing so as to divide an interior of the housing into a constant-pressure chamber on the front shell side and a working-pressure chamber on the rear shell side, wherein thrust force of the power piston generated by pressure difference between the constant-pressure chamber and the working-pressure chamber is applied to inputted force transmitted from a brake pedal to an input rod so as to obtain combined force, the combined force being outputted with a given boost ratio from an output rod, and wherein a thickness of the front shell is made to be thinner than a thickness of the rear shell.

Abstract: An air compression apparatus has a frame, a tank, and a motor. A drive mechanism is operably connected to the motor and at least one piston assembly is operably connected to the drive mechanism and configured to move within a respective cylinder mounted to the frame. The piston assembly includes: (1) a piston body; (2) a piston rod having a hollow bore connected at one end to the drive mechanism and at an opposite end to the piston body; and (3) a piston valve installed on the piston body. In use, upward travel of the piston body as caused by the drive mechanism acting through the piston rod opens the piston valve and allows ambient air to be drawn through the hollow bore into the cylinder, and downward travel of the piston body closes the piston valve so as to compress the air within the cylinder.

Abstract: A piston support portion (146) for a piston assembly (140) of a rodless cylinder (100) is provided according to the invention. The piston support portion (146) includes a support body (147) substantially matching a shape of the piston assembly (140) and configured to be positioned between a piston center portion (126) and a piston end portion (160). The piston support portion (146) further includes a plurality of guidance portions (152) extending from a circumference of the support body (147). The plurality of guidance portions (152) are configured to contact or nearly contact a piston bore (107) of the rodless cylinder (100) and guide the piston assembly (140) as it reciprocates in the piston bore (107).

Abstract: The present invention relates to an end cap for a rodless cylinder (101) provided with a sealing strip (110). The end cap comprises an end cap body (102, 104) and a channel (105). The end cap body (102, 104) is configured to sealingly fit to a cylinder body (101). The channel (105) is formed in the end cap body (102, 104) and adapted to receive the sealing strip (110). The end cap includes a clamping lever (15) pivotally affixed to the end cap body (102, 104), with the clamping lever (15) including a clamping surface (90) that clamps the sealing strip (110) within the channel (105) when the clamping lever (15) is moved to a substantially closed position.

Abstract: A hybrid bearing cylinder is formed to include a composite sleeve and a metallic jacket positioned around the composite sleeve. The outer diameter of the composite sleeve is less the inner diameter of the metallic jacket to form a pre-designed gap between the composite sleeve and the metallic jacket The metallic jacket of the hybrid bearing cylinder is adapted to be secured to metallic cylinder end caps by threading, welding, swaging, or other metal attachment methods.

Abstract: A cylinder for a piston-cylinder assembly comprises an extruded stainless steel cylinder body and stainless steel end caps mounted to opposite ends of the body. A unique configuration of three seals is used to seal each end cap to the cylinder body.

Abstract: A pair of independent cylinder holes 3, 3 are formed in a cylinder tube 2 of a flat outer shape. When a pressurized fluid is alternately supplied into the cylinder tube 2 through a port 7 formed in an end cap 5, the internal pressure for operating the cylinders acts uniformly on the cylinder tube 2 greatly decreasing stress and deflection of the cylinder tube 2.

Abstract: A pressure medium connection with a pressure connection element and a pressure line connector. The pressure connection element includes a contact surface for contacting the outside surface of a cylinder, a bore, divided into a first bore section of larger diameter and a second bore section of smaller diameter. A shoulder is formed at the transition from the first bore section to the second bore section, and two slots formed in the wall of the pressure connection element. A piston-cylinder unit, such as a hydraulic or pneumatic actuator or a hydropneumatic actuator in motor vehicles, especially for moving vehicle devices, tops, doors, hinged lids, or the like, includes the pressure medium connection.

Abstract: A fluid operated linear drive in which on the outer periphery of a centering portion (24) fitting in a housing tube (4) at least one housing cover (5) has an annular groove (28) accommodating an annular seal (32). The outer flank (36), which is on the side of the housing tube (3), of the annular groove (28) is a component of cap part (42), which is coaxially mounted on the centering portion (24) and fixed on the housing cover (5). This division into two parts facilitates production of a flash-free annular groove (28) without fettling.

Abstract: This disclosure concerns machines that convert rotating motion to reciprocation, and vice-versa, and more particularly, but not exclusively, to reciprocating piston machines. Some embodiments include a crankshaft defining a crankshaft-drive and at least one radially extending piston-journal spaced from the crankshaft-drive, and a piston configured to pivotally engage the piston-journal. The piston defines a cylindrical head and an elongate body. Some embodiments further include a drive-member defining a central-axis-of-rotation and being rotatably engageable with the crankshaft-drive. Some embodiments also include a block defining one or more cylinders for receiving one or more pistons. The drive-member rotates when the piston reciprocates, and vice-versa.

Abstract: An insert casting structure includes a cylinder liner made of cast iron and inserted within aluminum alloy through insert casting and having a plurality of projections on an outer circumferential surface of the cylinder liner, wherein when the thickness of a cast iron portion to the base of the projection is set as L1, and the thickness of an integrated piece made up of the cast iron portion and an aluminum alloy portion is set as L2, the thermal conductivity is 35 to 80 W/mK when measured under the condition of L1/L2=0.45.

Abstract: A piston compressor with at least one compression cylinder having a piston, and with one suction port and one pressure port is described. The suction port and the pressure port are arranged at one end face of the compression cylinder.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to surface roughening methods in which a cutting tool having a radial cutting blade with first and second cutting edges is fed along a longitudinal axis of an article while rotating the cutting tool about the axis. The first cutting edge forms a first machined pattern of peaks and valleys on a surface of the article, and the second cutting edge removes at least a portion of the peaks to form roughened fracture surfaces in a second machined pattern defining an arrangement of grooves, corresponding to the valleys, separated by lands, corresponding to the roughened fracture surfaces. The cross section of the grooves is substantially asymmetrical, and each groove may further include a notch. The disclosure also provides cutting tools useful in practicing the surface roughening methods. The disclosure further describes cylindrical articles having interior or exterior surfaces roughened using the methods.

Abstract: A master cylinder comprises a bottomed cylindrical cylinder body, a piston formed into a bottomed cylindrical shape by the forging method and slidably disposed in the cylinder body, and a spring assembly comprising a spring urging the piston toward an opening side of the cylinder body. A length of a spring of the spring assembly is determined by a retainer which can abut against an inner bottom portion of the piston. An annular groove is formed on the most outer side of the inner bottom portion of the piston by the forging method.

Abstract: A regulating unit for accomplishing a linear movement includes a cylindrical frame part (1) having a cylinder part (11) and cylinder head (12), which define a piston space (131, 132), and a piston unit (2) to be moved by a pressurized medium in the piston space. The height of a first space (131), in which a piston part (22) is moveable, is bigger than the height of a piston part, the cross section area is bigger than a cross section area of a piston rod. A cross section area of a second space (132) is smaller that the cross section area of the piston part. Pressurized medium may be fed into a cavity space (15), which is between the facing surfaces of the piston part and the piston space, for moving the piston unit towards the cylinder head (12) or vice versa.

Abstract: There is disclosed a jack that provides lifting from multiple orientations or directions. The jack is able to provide the lifting from these multiple orientations as fluid is continuously transferred from a reservoir to a pumping chamber to a piston chamber, regardless of the orientation or direction of the jack.

Abstract: In a hydraulic cylinder for a multiple-part mast superstructure comprising at least two mast arms which are connected in an articulated manner and of which one can be pivoted with respect to the other mast arm by the hydraulic cylinder, it is proposed that the base region of the cylinder container is of curved configuration, which cylinder container is closed in the base region on one side in order to accommodate a piston. In this way, the force flux is improved in the walls of the hydraulic cylinder, with the result that manufacturing which uses less material and is correspondingly less expensive is possible, with a simultaneously reduced overall weight. The hydraulic cylinder in accordance with the invention is suitable, in particular, for use with concrete pumps, cranes, lifting platforms and the like or general apparatuses having mast superstructures, in which hydraulic cylinders are used for pivoting.

Abstract: An integrated breakaway cylinder for controlling a boom of a self-propelled sprayer and method for constructing a boom assembly is disclosed in the present application. The integrated breakaway cylinder is constructed from a first stage cylinder and a second stage cylinder. The first stage cylinder is configured in a rod and barrel arrangement. The second stage cylinder is also configured in a rod and barrel arrangement, with the barrel of the first stage cylinder serving as the rod of the second stage cylinder. The first stage cylinder operates to extend and retract a boom. The second stage cylinder operates to absorb shock from inertia or the boom impacting an object. The design of various embodiments of the present invention couples the operation of maneuvering a boom with shock absorption into a single integrated cylinder.

Abstract: According to the plunger-typed master cylinder of the invention, because deformation of seal cups fitted in the hydraulic pressure chambers with the pistons (primary piston and floating piston) inserted is minimized, that is, the deformation of the inner flange being in contact with pistons does not substantially affect the outer flange being in contact with hydraulic pressure chambers when the master cylinder is in operation, it is possible to prevent deterioration in the performance of passing or stopping oil due to the deformation of seal cups and durability.

Abstract: A hydraulic cylinder has a pressure chamber delimited on one side by a piston accommodated in a longitudinally displaceable manner in a cylinder housing, on the other side by a housing bottom of the cylinder housing, and radially outwards by a circumferential wall of the cylinder housing, wherein the pressure chamber can be acted upon by a pressure medium via a pressure connection provided at the housing bottom in order to displace the piston in the cylinder housing. An insertion part is inserted in the pressure connection and has a channel section which communicates with the pressure connection and, in the installed position of the hydraulic cylinder, extends essentially in the vertical direction and opens into the pressure chamber in the vicinity of the circumferential wall of the cylinder housing. As a result, a hydraulic cylinder is provided which is compact and is designed in a simple manner, and which can be deaerated in a simpler manner compared to the prior art.

Abstract: A fluid end for a reciprocating pump including a body having a base, a side and a longitudinal opposing side, a cylinder bore formed horizontally through the body and a vertical bore intersecting the cylinder bore defining a high stress region proximate the intersection, and a tension member extending through the body substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis of the body, wherein the tension member provides a compressive load on the body reducing the stresses encountered in the region during operation of the fluid end.

Abstract: A plunger-cylinder assembly for a press including a plunger which is accommodated at least in part in a cylinder while separating the interior of the cylinder into two partial chambers along the cylinder axis. A relieving device which counteracts an increase in pressure of a fluid accommodated in the first partial chamber is disposed in at least one first partial chamber the increase in pressure being caused by a movement of the plunger along the cylinder axis in the direction of the first partial chamber. A hydraulic press encompassing such a plunger-cylinder assembly is also described.

Abstract: A fluid cylinder for high temperature applications is disclosed. The fluid cylinder includes an extensible member that moves between a retracted position and an extended position by forcing a fluid, such as a pneumatic fluid or a hydraulic fluid, into the cylinder. In order to seal the extensible member against an internal surface of the cylindrical housing, the extensible member includes a sealing member defining a plurality of grooves. A corresponding plurality of metallic sealing rings are placed in each of the grooves. The sealing rings include a gap that allow for thermal expansion. The sealing rings are positioned in the grooves so that the gaps on the rings are in a staggered arrangement in the axial direction. Further, a metal alloy coating may be applied to at least certain parts of the fluid cylinder. Through the above configuration, the fluid cylinder can be made without any polymeric sealing rings, composite bearings, or lubricants that may degrade during high temperature applications.

Abstract: The problems can be solved by ensuring that Ga?Gb<Gc or Ga<Gb?Gc, wherein Ga denotes a clearing between the bore on the portion from the compression chamber of the high pressure pump to the cylindrical groove and the plunger, where a transverse aperture is connected with the bore through a cylindrical groove provided halfway through the bore of a cylinder; Gb a clearance closer to the cylindrical groove, out of the clearances between the bore from the cylindrical groove to the drive source side and the plunger; and Gc a clearance closer to the drive source side, out of the clearances between the bore from the cylindrical groove to the drive source side and the plunger.

Abstract: A pneumatic cylinder designed to convert compressed air into mechanical output is disclosed. The pneumatic cylinder includes a piston and rod assembly with supporting components coaxially disposed and arranged to achieve a linear mechanical force in accordance with a differential pressure across the piston. A cylindrical sleeve, secured to end caps on both openings, encircles the piston and rod assembly and helps guide the piston during travel. A conductive coil is coupled to the cylindrical sleeve to provide sensing of a position of the piston. Additionally, a manifold, which serves as a conduit for airflow between each individual cylinder volume and an external air control device, is disposed such that the cylindrical sleeve and end caps are nested, in a concentric manner, within the manifold. A manifold divider assembly is disposed such that a plurality of end channels are isolated from each other.

Abstract: A hydraulic transmission actuator has a piston/cylinder unit in which an actuating piston longitudinally displaceably arranged in the cylinder housing divides the cylinder chamber into at least two pressure chambers which can be acted upon by hydraulic oil by way of control conduits. A piston rod is connected with the actuating piston, and a sealing element is arranged on the actuating piston. The sealing element seals off the two pressure chambers from one another. The diameter of the cylinder housing is locally reduced for increasing the radial contact pressure force of the sealing element with respect to the interior cylinder wall.

Abstract: A piston for a hydraulic brake configured as a bowl, open on one side, with a longitudinal axis, a wall and a bottom, and is delimited on an open end face by a rim with an axial abutment surface which is movable into abutment on a brake pad. The bottom has an essentially plane outside surface, a wall thickness of the bottom is thicker than a minimum wall thickness of the wall, and at a transition area between bottom and wall, a wall thickness of the wall is continuously increasing towards the bottom, thus, the wall passing over into the bottom in a slope. Furthermore, a method including forming a disc-shaped round blank into a bowl-type hollow cylinder, and upsetting the hollow cylinder in its longitudinal axis so that the bottom material is thickened due to the upsetting operation.

Abstract: The object of the invention is to provide a reliable and inexpensive combination of a chamber and a piston to be used in any device where such a combination is needed so that it complies with specific demands towards the operation force for e.g. pumps, specifically manually operated pumps. By a device comprising a chamber and a piston positioned inside the chamber said chamber and said piston relatively movable to each other in a predetermined direction of movement between a first position and a second position of which the cross-section of the chamber in a plane perpendicular to the direction of movement is larger at the first position than at the second position, the change in the cross section of the chamber is essentially continuous between the first position and the second position and the cross-section of the chamber.

Abstract: The hydraulic cylinder assembly of the present invention provides an enlarged barrel and a compressible locking ring that secure a rod gland in the rod end of the cylinder. The tapered barrel prevents the rod gland from sliding into the cylinder and the locking ring seated in an annular groove prevents the rod gland from sliding out of the cylinder. A small hole in the cylinder barrel is provided through which the round ring may be punched out of the annular groove and easily removed with a screwdriver or pick. These features allow the hydraulic cylinder to be easily assembled and disassembled without compression tools and eliminate the need for threaded components, welds or bolts. The enlarged rod end of the cylinder barrel also provides a smooth cylinder barrel that is elegant in appearance and more easily manufactured, repaired and maintained.

Abstract: A housing for use in high-pressure fluid applications, comprising a first passage defining a first axis (P1) and a second passage defining a second axis (P2), wherein the first and second passages intersect at an opening defined by an intersection at one end of the second passage. When sectioned on a plane normal to the second axis (P2) and not intersecting the first passage, the intersection defines an ellipse (E) in the plane and centred on the second axis (P2), the ellipse having a major axis equal in length to the width (D2) of the intersection and a minor axis equal in length to the height (D1) of the intersection. A wall of the intersection describes a curve in the plane, the curve passing through the points where the major and minor axes of the ellipse (E) meet the perimeter of the ellipse (E), and through points which lie outside the ellipse (E) and which are offset from the ellipse (E) by an offset distance (K).

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a master cylinder capable of controlling an increase in an intruding amount of a cup seal while relieving a stress concentration therein to thereby prevent the cup seal from being damaged. Provided is a master cylinder in which a piston is moved in slidable contact with an inner circumference of a cup seal held in a cylinder main body so as to pressurize a brake fluid in a pressure chamber formed of the piston and the cylinder main body, wherein an annular wall configured integrally with the cylinder main body is provided behind the cup seal. Further, a chamfered portion having a curved shape in a cross-section taken along a diameter direction of the cylinder main body is provided between the annular wall and a cylinder wall to which the piston is facing.

Abstract: A pressure activated piston-cylinder device includes a cylinder barrel with a cylinder bore, a piston with a piston rod movably guided in the cylinder bore, and a piston position sensing and indicating device. The piston position sensing and indicating device includes a magnetic activating element carried on the piston and an elongate electronic contact free transducer mounted on the cylinder barrel. The cylinder barrel includes a standard type extruded aluminum alloy barrel with an outer channel which extends in an offset parallel disposition relative to the cylinder bore, and a circuit board with electronic components connected to the transducer. The transducer as well as the circuit board are located in the groove in the cylinder barrel.

Abstract: A Cylinder for pressurized fluids, such as oil, air or the like, including of a cylindrical nozzle and a pair of heads designed to be attached to the ends of the nozzle, characterized in that two annular grooves are made partly in the cylinder liner and partly in each of the two heads for the purpose of locking the heads, and that elements designed to be inserted into the grooves to lock the heads into position are filled. In particular the locking elements are constituted by roller bearings the axis of which is parallel to the axis of the nozzle and which engage with the walls of the grooves, preventing axial movements of the heads in relation to the nozzle. Preferably the grooves are made partly on the inner surface of nozzle and partly on the outer surface of a head element which is inserted into the nozzle.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to surface roughening methods in which a cutting tool having a radial cutting blade with first and second cutting edges is fed along a longitudinal axis of an article while rotating the cutting tool about the axis. The first cutting edge forms a first machined pattern of peaks and valleys on a surface of the article, and the second cutting edge removes at least a portion of the peaks to form roughened fracture surfaces in a second machined pattern defining an arrangement of grooves, corresponding to the valleys, separated by lands, corresponding to the roughened fracture surfaces. The first and second walls may include concave regions within the grooves. The disclosure also provides cutting tools useful in practicing the methods, and cylindrical articles having interior or exterior surfaces roughened using the methods. The methods may have applications to fabrication of cylinder blocks for internal combustion engines.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to surface roughening methods in which a cutting tool having a radial cutting blade with first and second cutting edges is fed along a longitudinal axis of an article while rotating the cutting tool about the axis. The first cutting edge forms a first machined pattern of peaks and valleys on a surface of the article, and the second cutting edge removes at least a portion of the peaks to form roughened fracture surfaces in a second machined pattern defining an arrangement of grooves, corresponding to the valleys, separated by lands, corresponding to the roughened fracture surfaces. The cross section of the grooves is substantially asymmetrical, and each groove may further include a notch. The disclosure also provides cutting tools useful in practicing the surface roughening methods. The disclosure further describes cylindrical articles having interior or exterior surfaces roughened using the methods.

Abstract: A single-piece air cylinder (“air cylinder”) for a pneumatic fan drive system. The air cylinder is comprised of a single-piece stamping having a stepped tab portion for attaching to a piston rod of the pneumatic fan drive system. The air cylinder has a cylinder portion and a washer portion extending concentrically inward from the cylinder portion. The washer portion defines an aperture and has the stepped tab portion extending into the aperture. This air cylinder has a sufficiently robust construction for resisting fatigue over a significant number of operation cycles. Additionally, the air cylinder has a substantially robust construction for resisting damage associated with dropping or otherwise mishandling the air cylinder.

Abstract: A motorcycle shock system has a shock body formed at least partially of aluminum and an air compressor that provides pressurized air to the shock body when necessary. A piston held within the shock body defines a rear air chamber and a forward air chamber on the opposite side of the piston. Four electrically controlled air valves include a first air valve that when actuated opens a passage to allow air to flow into the forward chamber, a second air valve that when actuated opens a passage to allow air to flow out of the forward chamber to the atmosphere, a third air valve that when actuated opens a passage to allow air to flow out of the rear air chamber, and a fourth air valve that when actuated opens a passage to allow air to flow into the rear air chamber.

Abstract: A motorcycle soft tail shock system has a shock body formed at least partially of aluminum and an air compressor that provides pressurized air to the shock body when necessary. A piston held within the shock body defines a rear air chamber and a forward air chamber on the opposite side of the piston. Four electrically controlled air valves include a first air valve that when actuated opens a passage to allow air to flow into the forward chamber, a second air valve that when actuated opens a passage to allow air to flow out of the forward chamber to the atmosphere, a third air valve that when actuated opens a passage to allow air to flow out of the rear air chamber, and a fourth air valve that when actuated opens a passage to allow air to flow into the rear air chamber.

Abstract: A cylinder assembly for a linear compressor includes a cylinder chassis with an inner surface defining a cylinder space extending along an axis from a cylinder head end. The cylinder space is at least substantially cylindrical. A cylindrical cylinder liner, open at both ends is located within the chassis. The outer surface of the liner is engaged against the cylinder space defining portion of the inner surface of the chassis. A valve plate is being bonded or fused to the cylinder head end of the cylinder liner. The valve plate sealingly closes the cylinder head end of the cylinder space.

Abstract: A pneumatic cylinder designed to convert compressed air into mechanical output is disclosed. The pneumatic cylinder includes a piston and rod assembly with supporting components coaxially disposed and arranged to achieve a linear mechanical force in accordance with a differential pressure across the piston. A cylindrical sleeve, secured to end caps on both openings, encircles the piston and rod assembly and helps guide the piston during travel. Additionally, a manifold, which serves as a conduit for airflow between each individual cylinder volume and an external air control device, is disposed such that the cylindrical sleeve and end caps are nested, in a concentric manner, within the manifold. This arrangement results in a dynamic relationship between airflow and differential pressure that is conducive to precision force and motion control.

Abstract: A method of installing annular seals on a plunger. A first step involves positioning an annular seal on a seal installation tool adapted to hold the annular seal in an expanded state. A second step involves positioning the annular seal so that the annular seal overlies a body of a plunger. A third step involves transferring the annular seal from the seal installation tool to a seal groove in the body of the plunger.

Abstract: A pair of cylinder holes 10 are formed in a cylinder tube 2 in the axial direction, a slit 25 is formed between these cylinder holes, and an iron plate 22 is inserted in the slit covering the whole range of the movement of the pistons 3 in the cylinder holes. Spacers 23 made of a synthetic resin are interposed on both sides of the iron plate 22 to reliably hold the iron plate 22 in the slit 25. The iron plate 22 disposed between the cylinder holes works to decrease the repulsive force acting between the inner magnets 14 of the pistons and produce an attracting force between the iron plate 22 and the inner magnets 14, and a contact surface pressure between the wear rings 9 of the pistons 3 and the wall surfaces of the cylinder holes 10 can be adjusted to a suitable value.

Abstract: A cylinder tube includes a cylinder hole therein through which a piston is displaceably inserted. A head cover and a rod cover are installed respectively into ends of the cylinder hole. Locking rings, each having a bent section, a pair of arm sections that extend from both ends of the bent section, and claw sections disposed on ends of the arm sections, are disposed in the cylinder hole. In addition, the locking rings are installed respectively in the cylinder hole through ring grooves, wherein the head cover and the rod cover are fixed by means of the locking rings.

Abstract: Repulsive magnetic forces in the axial direction of cylinder tubes act between the rows 11 of inner magnets of pistons 10, 10 accommodated in two cylinder tubes 2, 2, and the inner magnets 12 of the pistons 10 come to a halt being slightly deviated relative to the outer magnets 22 in the axial direction of the tube. Due to this deviation, a magnetic holding force Fc is produced between the inner and outer magnets 12, 22. Since the magnetic holding force Fc is produced in a static state, a smooth movement can be attained from a static state suppressing the occurrence of a stick slip phenomenon at the start of movement as compared to the prior art, which does not produce the magnetic holding force in a static state.

Abstract: A cylinder liner and ringless piston adapted to be combined therewith in an internal combustion engine are provided that have superior wear resistance, superior scuffing resistance, and superior properties for abating friction loss between the inside surface of the cylinder and the sliding surface of the ringless piston. These embodiments can also include a cylinder liner which has at least some portion of the inner circumferential surface coated with an iron oxide film, a metallic nitride film, or other physical vapor deposition or chemical vapor deposition film, combined with a ringless piston with at least some portion of the exterior surface being coated with a metallic nitride film or other vapor deposition film.