Abstract: Regenerable gas purifier materials are provided capable of reducing the level of contaminants such as oxygen and water in an inert, nonreactive or reactive gas stream to parts-per-billion levels or sub-parts-per-billion levels. The purifier materials of this invention comprise a thin layer of one or more reduced forms of a metal oxide coated on the surface of a nonreactive substrate. The thin layer may further contain the completely reduced form of the metal.

Abstract: A process for separating a feed gas into at least one product gas includes: (a) providing a gas separation apparatus with at least one adsorption layer including a lithium-exchanged FAU adsorbent having water desorption characteristics, defined by drying curves, similar to those for the corresponding fully sodium-exchanged FAU, a heat of adsorption for carbon dioxide equal to or lower than that for the corresponding fully sodium-exchanged FAU at high loadings of carbon dioxide, and onto which the adsorption layer water and/or carbon dioxide adsorb; (b) feeding into the gas separation apparatus a feed gas including nitrogen, oxygen, and at least one of water and carbon dioxide; and (c) collecting from a product end of the gas separation apparatus at least one product gas containing oxygen.

Abstract: A method comprising two adsorbers which follow each a phase-shifted cycle successively consisting in an adsorption phase, at high pressure of the cycle, and a regeneration phase, ending in repressurizing of the adsorber.

Abstract: A system and a method for controlling or reducing moisture levels in building cavities. Desiccant is used in combination with various containers for placing the desiccant into building cavities to control levels of moisture and mold in the cavities.

Abstract: A pressure equalization apparatus for decreasing or eliminating the pressure differential between the internal pressure within a sealed system and the external ambient air pressure while concurrently sustaining a dry atmosphere inside the enclosure. The apparatus includes a variable volume chamber coupled in fluid communication with the sealed system and adapted to change its volume as in relation to the pressurization of the sealed system. Gas flowing between the sealed system and the variable volume chamber, as the pressurization changes, is exposed to an adsorbent operative for dehumidifying the exchanged gas.

Abstract: A method for reclamation of atmospheric water uses a water reclamation chamber (1) with water reclamation cells (2) and variable high-performance blowers (3). In this occurs by means of cooling collectors (6) during the nighttime the cooling of a coolant stored in a cooling resorvoir (7), and during the daytime operation by means of solar collectors (8) occurs the heating of a further fluid stored in a heat reservoir, so that the coolant that is cooled during the night for the purpose of water reclamation cools by day and/or night the cooling registers through which air flows. At these cooling registers, the air is dehumidified so that the heat-accumulating fluid by day and/or by night is used for the generation of energy for the operation of the equipment and/or for the extraction of water.

Abstract: A dehydrator breather is provided that includes a vessel, a desiccant container, a valve housing coupled to the vessel, and a vent assembly coupled to the valve housing. The vent assembly includes screened ports disposed along a vertical axis of the vent assembly body that allow air to enter and exit the dehydrator breather. The vent assembly, along with a filter placed between a desiccant container and the valve housing, individually and jointly, prevent desiccant that escapes the desiccant container from clogging the valve assembly.

Abstract: A system and a method for controlling or reducing moisture levels in building cavities. Desiccant is used in combination with various containers for placing the desiccant into building cavities to control levels of moisture and mold in the cavities.

Abstract: An apparatus includes a vessel and a radial adsorption bed within the vessel and either an axial adsorption bed for a storage tank within the inner diameter of the radial adsorption bed. In one example, the radial adsorption bed surrounds an axial adsorption bed. A process that can be conducted in the vessel includes directing a gas mixture across the radial adsorption bed, thereby causing adsorption of at least a portion of a gas component present in the gas mixture and producing partially purified product. The partially purified gas is directed through the axial adsorption bed, thereby causing further purification of the partially purified gas and producing product gas. In another example, the radial adsorption bed surrounds a storage tank. The storage tank can be employed to store a gas generated or used in a separation process conducted in the radial adsorption bed. For instance, the storage tank can be employed to store product gas or void gas generated in a vacuum/pressure swing adsorption process.

Abstract: A method to control the performance of desiccant dryers is disclosed that senses multiple variables and optimizes the regeneration cycle to deliver the gas at the desired dew point. The length of the stripping step is reduced or eliminated depending on the desired set point and the operating conditions of the compression system. The control system has the capability to switch to high efficiency mode of operation should the dew point set point be changed. The savings come from not purging as much or any gas during stripping should the system requirements be only to meet the ISA standards for instrument air, despite the system capability of delivering far dryer air.

Abstract: A process for the reduction of the level of a component in a feed gas such as air involving passing the gas to at least three parallel thermal swing adsorption zones charged with an adsorbent and operating according to an adsorption cycle. The cycle of each zone is phased with respect to that of the other zones so that at any point during the cycle, the number of zones in the adsorption step is greater than the number of zones not in the adsorption step. Thermal swing adsorption apparatus having at least three parallel thermal swing adsorption zones and means for controlling the flow of the feed gas through the zones such that each bed undergoes repeated cycles which are out of phase with the cycles for the other vessels provided that, in use, at least two vessels are in the adsorption step at any time.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for reducing moisture content of fluids comprising moisture and a sulfur-containing compound are disclosed. The methods use an acid gas resistant molecular sieve, and the sulfur-containing compounds are preferably selected from the group consisting of carbondisulfide, carbonylsulfide, and compounds within the formula Y—S—X , wherein S is sulfur, and X and Y are the same or different and are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, aryl, oxygen, and alcohol. Compositions comprising the reduced moisture fluids are also described.

Abstract: A method and a device for filtering polluted air, in which the air is successively subjected to the processes of extracting grease/fat and water, drying air still containing residual humidity, and adsorbing smells/odors. The filter device includes, in a direction of flow a Foucault current filter, layers of expanded metal, a filter for drying the air, and an odor filter, all in a filter housing. The filter for drying the air and the odor filter are, preferably, combined in a filter cassette that is disposed on the filter housing such that it can be changed/replaced.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for removing hydrocarbons from an exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine. The method of the present invention comprises contacting the exhaust gas with a water-removing composition and then contacting the exhaust gas at a position downstream from the water-removing composition with a hydrocarbon-removing material to remove at least some of the hydrocarbons from the exhaust gas. The hydrocarbon-removing material use in the present invention has a sufficiently low Si to Al atom ratio that less than 50% of the low molecular hydrocarbons desorb from the hydrocarbon-removing composition at a temperature of 250° C.

Abstract: Regenerable gas purifier materials are provided capable of reducing the level of contaminants such as oxygen and moisture in a hydride gas stream to parts-per-billion levels or sub-parts-per-billion levels. The purifier materials of this invention comprise a thin layer of one or more reduced forms of a metal oxide coated on the surface of a nonreactive substrate. The thin layer may further contain the completely reduced form of the metal. In one embodiment, the total surface area of the thin layer is less than 100 m2/g.

Abstract: An adsorbent, method, and apparatus involving same for the removal of moisture from a fluoride-containing fluid such as gaseous nitrogen trifluoride are disclosed herein. In certain preferred embodiments, the adsorbent of the present invention comprises an organic support having a porosity of 30% or greater and a pore size of 2 &mgr;m or less; and at least one metal fluoride disposed within at least a portion of the organic substrate.

Abstract: Trace impurities such as organic compounds and carbon monoxide in reactive fluids such as ammonia, hydrogen chloride, hydrogen bromide, and chlorine are reduced to sub-ppb levels using gas purifying systems that contain a preconditioned ultra-low emission (P-ULE) carbon. P-ULE is capable of removing impurities from a reactive fluid down to parts-per-billion (ppb) and sub-ppb levels without concurrently emitting other impurities such as moisture or carbon dioxide into the purified reactive fluid. The P-ULE carbon is prepared by heating a carbon material to temperatures from 300° C. to about 800° C. in an ultra-dry, inert gas stream, to produce an ultra-low emission (ULE) carbon material, subjecting the ULE carbon to a second activation process under a reactive gas atmosphere to produce a P-ULE carbon and storing the P-ULE carbon in an environment that minimizes contamination of the P-ULE prior to its use in a gas purifier system.

Abstract: A molecular sieve apparatus and magnetic/adsorbent material composition facilitate molecular adsorption and separation using a magnetic field to hold, move, cool, and/or heat an adsorbent 1 that is bonded to magnetic materials 3 that are moveable by a magnetic field. An adsorbent 1 is bonded to a soft magnetic material 3 with a binder 2 into a powder composite material adsorbent attractable by a magnetic field (magnetoadsorbent 4). Magnetoadsorbent 4 functions to adsorb and desorb working substances, causing a molecular separation; thereby increasing the efficiency of the adsorption cycle by moving the adsorbent 1 to a location that optimally processes the adsorbent 1. Magnetic field manipulation of adsorbents 1 enables delivery of molecules to locations within systems. Magnetoadsorbents 4 of the present invention further increase the efficiency of the adsorption cycle by combining materials with functions including: catalyst, buoyancy, suspension, magnetic heating, and sinking in liquid.

Abstract: A dehydrator breather is provided that includes a vessel, a desiccant container, a valve housing coupled to the vessel, and a vent assembly coupled to the valve housing. The vent assembly includes screened ports disposed along a vertical axis of the vent assembly body that allow air to enter and exit the dehydrator breather. The vent assembly, along with a filter placed between a desiccant container and the valve housing, individually and jointly, prevent desiccant that escapes the desiccant container from clogging the valve assembly.

Abstract: A process for removing at least water and carbon dioxide from a feed gas stream of air, synthesis gas or natural gas is described, comprising the steps of: contacting the feed gas stream with a composite adsorbent comprising silica and metal oxide, wherein the composite adsorbent contains at least 50 wt % silica, to form a first purified gas stream, and regenerating the composite adsorbent at a temperature of 0 to 200° C. The process optionally further comprises contacting the first purified gas stream with a carbon dioxide adsorbent and/or a nitrous oxide or hydrocarbon adsorbent.

Abstract: A continuous flow dryer system for compressed air includes first and second air dryers for receiving and alternately drying compressed air from a source. The dried air from the first dryer is transmitted to the second dryer. First and second reservoirs store the dried compressed air. A plurality of control valves in the second air dryer are used for distributing the dried air to the respective reservoirs.

Abstract: An air dryer assembly for removing moisture and oil from a compressed air system includes a desiccant material received in a shell for adsorbing moisture as compressed air passes therethrough. A coalescing element is disposed between an inlet and outlet for removing oil aerosols from the compressed air. A check valve is disposed in parallel with the coalescing element and forces the compressed air to pass through the coalescing element as air flows from the inlet to the outlet. During a purge or reverse flow, compressed air bypasses the coalescing element and removes oil collected in the cartridge through the inlet.

Abstract: A composition comprising a magnesium halide coated macroporous carbonaceous substrate is provided for effecting moisture removal from a hydrogen halide fluid. Moisture removal is effected by intimately contacting the hydrogen halide fluid with the magnesium halide coated macroporous carbonaceous substrate and separating the fluid from the coated substrate.

Abstract: The present invention includes two beds of activated alumina or similar material, which can remove moisture during a PSA cycle. One bed is placed in series in each drive air line for the pressure intensifier or boost pump. The beds are sized such that there is sufficient material to adsorb the moisture contained in the volume of gas required to move the drive piston through a complete stroke.

Abstract: A process for removing at least water and carbon dioxide from a feed gas stream of air, synthesis gas or natural gas is described, comprising the steps of:

Abstract: A system and a method for controlling or reducing moisture levels in building cavities. Desiccant is used in combination with various containers for placing the desiccant into building cavities to control levels of moisture and mold in the cavities.

Abstract: Applicant has developed an improved adsorbent useful in removing contaminants from various air streams. The adsorbent contains a zeolite, an alumina and a metal component. The metal component is present in an amount at least 10 mol-% of the stoichiometric amount of metal (expressed as the oxide) needed to balance the negative charge of the zeolite lattice. In a specific application an adsorbent comprising zeolite X, alumina and sodium is used to purify an air stream in order to remove water, carbon dioxide and other impurities including hydrocarbons.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the purification of gaseous hydrogen contaminated at least with CO and N2 of the H2 PSA type, where the gas stream to be purified is passed through an adsorption region comprising at least one adsorbent based on zeolite 5A and one adsorbent based on zeolite X exchanged with calcium.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process and apparatus for the removal of nitrous oxide from a feed gas stream using an adsorbent having a nitrogen diffusion parameter of 0.12 sec−1 or higher and a nitrous oxide capacity of 79 mmol/g/atm or higher at 30° C.

Abstract: A formed adsorbent material includes an adsorbent solid phase and a gas phase ensuring transport of the gaseous components right to the adsorbent, being such that the constants for the transport kinetics of the components adsorbable in the gas phase and in the solid phase are in a ratio of between 0.1 and 10 defined for a gas discharge velocity of 0.2 m/s measured on air at 1 bar and 20° C. or in a ratio of between 0.1 and 10, defined for a gas discharge velocity of 0.01 m/s measured on hydrogen at 30 bar and 40° C.

Abstract: An adsorbent and a process are disclosed for drying gases in a pressure swing dryer. The adsorbent comprises a pre-formed alumina particle having a surface area of about 250 to 550 m2 &mgr;g with a thin layer of colloidal silica disbursed on the surface of the pre-formed alumina particle. Surprisingly the thin layer of colloidal silica does not interfere with the drying properties of the pre-formed alumina particle, while significantly improving the physical properties of the pre-formed alumina particle.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for purifying a syngas of the CO/H2 or N2/H2 type, which consists in removing CO2 and possibly other gaseous impurities (water, etc.) before the gas undergoes a cryogenic process. These impurities are adsorbed by the gas stream to be purified passing over an NaLSX-type zeolite and then desorbed during a regeneration step which may be performed by raising the temperature (TSA) and/or reducing the pressure (PSA or VSA).

Abstract: The method provides technical nitrogen instead of pure nitrogen in liquid form which has to be heated to be brought in gaseous form for laser cutting. Atmospheric air is compressed and driven through a cascade of high density bundles of hollow membrane fibers to permeate oxygen and air's component gases and yield technical nitrogen, and the pressure of the technical nitrogen is boosted to feed the laser cutting equipment. The method thus improves the laser cutting so as to avoid the drawbacks resulting from use of nitrogen in liquid form obtained by the cryogenic process by using technical nitrogen obtained via the aforesaid hollow fiber membrane technology in an efficient and cost effective manner.

Abstract: A process for separating a feed gas into at least one product gas includes: (a) providing a gas separation apparatus with at least one adsorption layer including a lithium-exchanged FAU adsorbent having water desorption characteristics, defined by drying curves, similar to those for the corresponding fully sodium-exchanged FAU, a heat of adsorption for carbon dioxide equal to or lower than that for the corresponding fully sodium-exchanged FAU at high loadings of carbon dioxide, and onto which the adsorption layer water and/or carbon dioxide adsorb; (b) feeding into the gas separation apparatus a feed gas including nitrogen, oxygen, and at least one of water and carbon dioxide; and (c) collecting from a product end of the gas separation apparatus at least one product gas containing oxygen.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for preventing contamination of a substrate or a substrate surface, and particularly relates to prevention of contamination of raw materials, semi-finished products, base materials of products and substrate surface in a high-tech industry such as in the production of semiconductors and liquid crystals. A gas coming into contact with a base material or substrate is purified by dust removing means and adsorption and/or absorption means so that the concentration of fine particles in the gas is below class 1,000 and a non-methane hydrocarbon concentration is below 0.2 ppm. Thereafter, the base material or the substrate surface is exposed to this gas.

Abstract: An ion implantation process system, including an ion implanter apparatus for carrying out an ion implantation process. A supply of source gas for the ion implantation process is arranged to flow to the ion implanter apparatus, which discharges an effluent gas stream including ionization products of the source gas during the ion implantation process. The system includes an effluent abatement apparatus for removing hazardous effluent species from the effluent gas stream. The source gas may be furnished from a low pressure gas source in which the source gas is sorptively retained in a vessel on a sorbent medium having affinity for the source gas, and desorbed for dispensing to the process system. A novel scrubbing composition may be employed for effluent treatment, and the scrubbing composition breakthrough of scrubbable component may be monitored with a device such as a quartz microbalance monitor.

Abstract: A molecular sieve adsorbent for the purification of gas streams containing water vapor and carbon dioxide. The adsorbent is a combination of sodium form of a low-silica faujasite, having a residual content of potassium ions less than about 8.0 percent (equiv.), a low content of crystalline and amorphous admixtures and crystal sizes generally within the range of 1-4 &mgr;m, and a binder. A process for the adsorbent preparation which comprises specific parameters of low silica faujasite synthesis, sodium-potassium ion exchange, blending and granulation.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for the decontamination of fluid ammonia are described. Liquid or gaseous ammonia is purified of contaminants by passage through an adsorbent bed, the contaminants accumulating in the bed. A portion of the purified ammonia discharged from the bed is decomposed to hydrogen and nitrogen. The hydrogen is used to regenerate an adsorbent bed which has accumulated sufficient contaminants to reduce its ability to further decontaminate incoming ammonia satisfactorily. Preferably there are a plurality of interconnected adsorbent beds, with some being operated for ammonia decontamination while others are being regenerated, with their operations being reversed as needed to maintain a continual production of decontaminated ammonia from the plurality of beds. Computers or other controllers can be used to control such bed operations and interchanges. Internal production of hydrogen makes the system self-contained and no addition of hydrogen is needed.

Abstract: A method of separating a first gaseous component from a gas mixture comprising a first gaseous component and a second gaseous component comprising passing the gaseous mixture into an adsorption zone containing an adsorbent material capable of preferentially adsorbing at least one of the gaseous components in the gaseous mixture, to separate the first gaseous component from the second gaseous component wherein the adsorbent material is a monolithic wheel having a plurality of channels throughout, the channels being aligned parallel to the direction of flow of the gaseous mixture and having a wall thickness of less than 1 mm and recovering the non-preferentially adsorbed gaseous component from the adsorption zone. Preferably, the adsorption zone comprises multiple layers of monolithic structures in the shape of a wheel stacked one upon the other in a direction parallel to the direction of the flow of the gaseous mixture and formed by spirally winding a sheet of corrugated adsorbable material about a hub.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method for purifying the air used in cryogenic air separation are described, which are capable of effectively removing nitrogen oxides and/or hydrocarbons. The apparatus comprises an adsorber comprising an adsorption cylinder that has a first adsorbing layer and a second adsorbing layer therein. The first adsorbing layer is composed of a first adsorbent capable of selectively adsorbing water in the air. The second adsorbing layer is composed of a second adsorbent capable of selectively adsorbing nitrogen oxide and/or hydrocarbon in the air passing the first adsorbing layer, wherein the second adsorbent comprises an X zeolite containing magnesium ion as an ion-exchangeable cation.

Abstract: Purification of a hydrogen-based gas mixture containing impurities such as carbon monoxide, nitrogen and methane is effected by contacting the gaseous mixture with a zeolite adsorbent which is a shaped product comprised of at least 95%, as determined on the basis of the moisture equilibrium adsorption value, of a low-silica type X zeolite having a SiO2/Al2O3 molar ratio of 1.9 to 2.1. The zeolite adsorbent is preferably ion-exchanged with lithium and/or calcium. The zeolite adsorbent is preferably prepared by a process including a step of contacting with a caustic solution a calcined product of a mixture of a low-silica type X zeolite and kaolin clay whereby the kaolin clay is converted to a low-silica type X zeolite.

Abstract: A gas dryer particularly useful for natural gas transmission lines has a sump vessel including a splash plate for intercepting incoming gas, a lower region for collecting water removed from the gas, at least one tower or other vessel for holding desiccant tablets and permitting water to drain into the sump, and partition(s) in the vessel extending into the lower region to permit collected sump water to be in a single body of liquid while the partitions in the upper regions of the vessel direct the gas from one tower or drying vessel to another.

Abstract: A process for producing a purified gaseous product from a gaseous feedstream such as air containing impurities is disclosed. The impurities such as hydrogen, water vapor, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide are removed from the gaseous feedstream in a vessel having layers of adsorbents and oxidation catalysts. The placement of the hydrogen to water vapor conversion catalyst downstream of the step of contacting the feedstream with a catalyst to convert the carbon monoxide to the carbon dioxide and the step of removing the carbon dioxide from the feedstream improves not only performance but also the economies of the purification system.

Abstract: The invention relates to a formed adsorbent material comprising an adsorbent solid phase and a gas phase ensuring transport of the gaseous components right to the adsorbent, being such that the constants for the transport kinetics of the components adsorbable in the gas phase and in the solid phase are in a ratio of between 0.1 and 10 defined for a gas discharge velocity of 0.2 m/s measured on air at 1 bar and 20° C. or in a ratio of between 0.1 and 10, defined for a gas discharge velocity of 0.01 m/s measured on hydrogen at 30 bar and 40° C.

Abstract: Desiccant tablets including solid potassium formate are used to dry gas, especially in natural gas transmission lines. Preferred tablets comprise 1-4% potassium formate (most preferably 2-3%), up to 1% of a surfactant as a lubricant, and the balance desiccant salts, preferably calcium chloride.

Abstract: This invention provides a two bed pressure swing adsorption process for recovering a primary gaseous component at a purity of over 99% from a feed gas comprising the primary component and one or more impurities.

Abstract: A process for separating a gas component from a gas mixture is disclosed. A gas mixture is passed through an adsorption zone which contains an adsorbent which will selectively adsorb a gaseous component from the gas mixture. The adsorption zone contains a layer of monolithic adsorbent and a layer of adsorption beads. Optionally, a third monolithic layer may be employed. The adsorption zone is typically contained in an adsorption vessel.

Abstract: A process for removing hydrogen sulfide from a gas stream wherein the filtering media consists essentially of calcined diatomite and between 5% and 30% by weight of ferric ions bonded to the calcined diatomite. This process is particularly efficient due to the fact that the removal of hydrogen sulfide from the gas stream is effected with a single pass adsorption performance of up to 45 mg of H2S per gram of filtering media. Other advantages include the fact that the process has the ability to remove H2S form a gaseous mixture, from a concentration of 30,000 ppm down to non-detectable levels in a single pass. Repeated in-situ regeneration of the filtering media has been proven to be a simple matter of blowing ambient air through the filtering media.

Abstract: The present invention provides for methods and compositions for gas separation and purification utilizing a metallo-organic polymer adsorbent in processes for separating carbon dioxide, water, nitrogen oxides and hydrocarbons from gas streams.

Abstract: An adsorbent and a process are disclosed for drying gases in a pressure swing dryer. The adsorbent comprises a pre-formed alumina particle with a thin layer of colloidal silica disbursed on the surface of the preformed alumina particle.