Abstract: A fuel system for an energy conversion device includes a multiple of fuel plates, oxygen permeable membranes, porous substrate plates, and vacuum frame plates which define a wave pattern configuration. The wave configuration enhances deoxygenation by increasing the efficiency and integrality due to higher surface volume ration, increase of flow turbulence, and minimal sharp edges which may otherwise damage the oxygen permeable membranes compared to other configurations.

Abstract: The invention proposes a method of destruction of volatile organic and inorganic compounds in wastewater, this method includes following stages: stripping the aforementioned volatile compounds in a stripping-chemisorption column; preliminary heating the gaseous medium containing these volatile compounds in a first heat regenerator; thermal, flare or thermo-catalytic oxidation of the volatile compounds in circulating gaseous medium; cooling the gaseous medium in a second heat regenerator; chemisorption of acidic gases from the gaseous medium in the stripping-chemisorption column with stripping at the same time additional amount of the volatile compounds from the wastewater. After specific period, direction of the gaseous medium flow is alternated. The proposed method can be executed at elevated temperature. The invention includes as well systems realizing the proposed method.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method characterised in that it consists in: determining online at least an ultraviolet spectrum portion of at least one of the compounds present in one or the other of the waste water feeding circuits (7, 13) or of the column (8) waste water output (16); qualitatively and quantitatively determining, by mathematical processing of the measured intensity levels, at least a contaminant present in the samples; on the basis of the results obtained and by comparing with pre-defined setpoint values, in restoring said data in the form of electric signals, which control the waste water supply and the stripping column water vapour flow rates.

Abstract: The present invention is directed toward a method for reducing pattern distortions in imprinting layers by reducing gas pockets present in a layer of viscous liquid deposited on a substrate. To that end, the method includes varying a transport of the gases disposed proximate to the viscous liquid. Specifically, the atmosphere proximate to the substrate wherein a pattern is to be recorded is saturated with gases that are either highly soluble, highly diffusive, or both with respect to either the viscous liquid, the substrate, the template, or a combination thereof. Additionally, or in lieu of saturating the atmosphere, the pressure of the atmosphere may be reduced.

Abstract: A fuel cell power generation system, equipped with a fuel reforming device and a fuel cell body, includes valves, pipelines, a condenser, and a pump for feeding a burner exhaust gas (raw gas) discharged from a heating burner of the fuel reforming device into the fuel reforming device, and an inert gas formation device including an oxidizable and reducible oxygen adsorbent, which is disposed in the pipelines, and adsorbs oxygen in the burner exhaust gas to remove oxygen from the burner exhaust gas and form an inert gas. The fuel cell power generation system can reliably remove residual matter, without leaving it within the fuel reforming device, in a simple manner at a low cost and with a compact configuration.

Abstract: Decontamination systems and methods are disclosed. In one embodiment, a system comprises a first adsorption/desorption subsystem that is configured to receive a contaminated gaseous solution and remove substantially all of the contaminants from the contaminated gaseous solution during an adsorption cycle, while a second subsystem is configured to purge captured contaminants during a desorption cycle. An evacuator is configured to drive potentially flammable gas compositions from the subsystem operating in a desorption cycle back into the system such that potentially flammable gas compositions are purged from the subsystem operating in the desorption cycle at the beginning of the desorption cycle. A heat source is configured to heat contaminants adsorbed in the adsorption/desorption subsystems to remove the contaminants from the adsorption/desorption subsystems in a gaseous state during their respective desorption cycle.

Abstract: A stripping process is provided which continuously strips volatile substances from a dispersion containing a polymer particles through stripping the volatile substances from a dispersion by blowing an inert gas into the dispersion to draw the volatile substances into the inert gas, removing the volatile substances from the gas mixture of the inert gas and the stripped volatile substances and circulating the purified inert gas obtained by removing the volatile substances from the gas mixture, and blowing the purified inert gas into the dispersion. Also provided is a production process for a toner which uses this stripping process.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for continuously deaerating a liquid. The method comprises the step that the liquid is led into a closed container (1) so that a liquid surface (7) is formed within the container (1). The space above the liquid surface (7) is under vacuum. The method further includes the step that a gas is led into the liquid at a level below the liquid surface (7). The invention also relates to an apparatus which comprises a closed container (1). The container (1) has an inlet (5) for the liquid which is to be deaerated, as well as an outlet (6) for the liquid which has been deaerated, both placed in the lower region of the container (1). The container (1) further has a connection (13) to a vacuum pump (14) placed in the upper region of the container (1), as well as an inlet (15) for a gas placed in the lower region of the container (1).

Abstract: The present invention is directed toward a method for reducing pattern distortions in imprinting layers by reducing gas pockets present in a layer of viscous liquid deposited on a substrate. To that end, the method includes varying a transport of the gases disposed proximate to the viscous liquid. Specifically, the atmosphere proximate to the substrate wherein a pattern is to be recorded is saturated with gases that are either highly soluble, highly diffusive, or both with respect to the viscous liquid being deposited. Additionally, or in lieu of saturating the atmosphere, the pressure of the atmosphere may be reduced.

Abstract: A segmented plate adapted for assembly within a confined area or volume, and a method of assembly of the segmented plate. The plate, as assembled, has an exterior perimeter that includes exterior edge-boundaries of a plurality of generally rigid plate-sections, each of the plate-sections are sized smaller than the access to permit passage therethrough. Extending at least partially along adjacent boundaries of plate-sections that have been adjacently arranged, is a self-lock seam, or interposed therebetween is a flexible barrier. The self-lock seam may have a variety of configurations. An aperture or opening having an inner perimeter may be included. The inner perimeter of the aperture/opening may be of a variety of shapes. The confined area may consist of a chamber of a deaerator tank or other volume to which access is limited. The flexible barrier may be made of a material having resiliency.

Abstract: Liquid such as water is deaerated by dissolving stripping gas such as carbon dioxide into the water while maintaining pressure, reducing the pressure, and then feeding the liquid into a vessel wherein a gas space is maintained over said water, wherein the pressure of said gas space is less than the pressure upstream, and separately withdrawing degassed liquid and evolved gas from said vessel at rates which maintain the pressure of said gas space below the pressure upstream of said means.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods for reducing residual solvent levels in extracted biomass that is contaminated with HFC solvent that includes sparging the biomass extract with a solvent stripping gas such as air or nitrogen are disclosed. Apparatus for carrying out the method include a vessel (12;25) containing extract (26) and a source of the gas. The source may be in the form of a moveable, hollow wand (27) having a sparging gas outlet; or a fixed gas inlet (30) for bubbling the gas through the extract (26).

Abstract: A high viscosity liquid is fed into a rotation pack bed at a position with a distance far enough from a rotation axis, creating a centrifugal force exerted on the high viscosity liquid overwhelming a drag thereof, so that it can flow radially through the rotation pack bed. A high pressure gas is introduced into the rotation pack bed peripherally and/or a suction force source is connected to a position near the rotation axis, so that a volatile component contained in the high viscosity fluid is entrained in the gas counter currently flowing through the rotation pack bed and withdrawn from the position near the rotation axis, or the volatile component exits from the position near the rotation axis in gas phase, and thus the volatile component is removed from the high viscosity liquid. A second fluid can also be fed into the rotation pack bed to react with the high viscosity liquid, so that a reaction product is formed, and a volatile side product is removed at the same time.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for removing volatile contaminants, such as methyl tertbutyl ether (MTBE), from water or other supplies of liquid. In one embodiment of the invention, a gas is sparged through a helical flow of liquid to strip away contaminants. The flowrate of the helical flow of liquid and the flowrate of the gas are held at an optimum ratio to maintain flow stability and maximize stripping efficiency. In another embodiment of the invention, the liquid is processed through a series of stripping stages until volatile contaminants are stripped to a desired level. A portion of the liquid is recycled within each stage, while a system flow of liquid passed from one stage to the next. The flowrate of the recycled flow and the flowrate of the system flow have a ratio that provides improved system capacity while ensuring proper volatile removal.

Abstract: A method and system for removing volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from sludge advantageously utilizes a stripper for removing the VOCs directly from the sludge to convert the sludge into a non-hazardous material. Preliminary steps of mixing may include addition of a liquid to improve flowability. Then the sludge is moved through the stripper in which the VOCs are carried away in a gas provided in the stripper for the purpose of carrying the VOCs away. Any of a variety of strippers may be utilized for VOC removal. Subsequently, the liquid is separated from the sludge material in, for example, a dewaterer, and each of the liquid and the sludge is either recycled or dumped as a non-hazardous material or waste. The system may be configured in a variety of ways and still function properly in carrying out the method of the invention.

Abstract: The present invention generally offers a system and a method that allows a vessel to treat water while providing corrosion inhibition. An oxygen stripping gas source produces oxygen stripping gas that may be pumped directly to, preferably but optionally, a venturi injector, or may first be pumped into an empty tank and then delivered to the injector means. Water being pumped through the injector via a transfer piping means comes into contact with the oxygen stripping gas, and dissolved oxygen in the water transfers to micro-fine stripping gas bubbles generated by the injector. The water and the micro-fine bubbles are pumped from the injector and into the tank, where the micro-fine bubbles float to the surface, and the oxygen is released into the tank's headspace. The deoxygenated water may be re-circulated through the system for additional deoxygenation or released from the tank into the surrounding waterways.

Abstract: A slurry tray and a method for removing residual vinyl chloride monomer from a polyvinylchloride resin slurry with reduced discoloration of the polyvinylchloride resin is provided. The slurry tray preferably includes partitioned channels that cause the slurry to flow at a velocity that maintains solids contained with the slurry in a liquid suspension and weirs contains holes to allow solids trapped at the bottom of the weir to flow continuously downward to a bottom of the plate tower for removal from the tower. The method preferably includes supplying the slurry towards the top of the tower and a vapor towards the bottom of the tower. The slurry descends the tower, while the steam simultaneously ascends the tower, both through directional valves. The solids trapped upon the surface of the trays travel down the tower through the holes within the weirs for removal from the tower.

Abstract: The specification discloses a method for treatment of contaminated groundwater. According to one embodiment, the method includes as a first step extracting a contaminated subterranean fluid from a contaminated well. The fluid is then stripped by passing the fluid through an inline stripper so that volatile contaminants are transferred from a liquid phase to a vapor phase. Next, the liquid phase and the vapor phase are separated into two process streams. The volatile contaminants are then recovered from the vapor phase process stream, destroyed, or if permissible, discharged from the vapor stream. The invention may suitably be used in the treatment of subterranean fluids which are extracted as a two-phase flow or in the treatment of which are substantially a liquid phase having volatile contaminants dissolved therein.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for removing volatile contaminants, such as methyl tertbutyl ether (MTBE), from water or other supplies of liquid. In one embodiment of the invention, a gas is sparged through a helical flow of liquid to strip away contaminants. The flowrate of the helical flow of liquid and the flowrate of the gas are held at an optimum ratio to maintain flow stability and maximize stripping efficiency. In another embodiment of the invention, the liquid is processed through a series of stripping stages until volatile contaminants are stripped to a desired level. A portion of the liquid is recycled within each stage, while a system flow of liquid passed from one stage to the next. The flowrate of the recycled flow and the flowrate of the system flow have a ratio that provides improved system capacity while ensuring proper volatile removal.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method characterised in that it consists in: determining online at least an ultraviolet spectrum portion of at least one of the compounds present in one or the other of the waste water feeding circuits (7, 13) or of the column (8) waste water output (16); qualitatively and quantitatively determining, by mathematical processing of the measured intensity levels, at least a contaminant present in the samples; on the basis of the results obtained and by comparing with pre-defined setpoint values, in restoring said data in the form of electric signals, which control the waste water supply and the stripping column water vapour flow rates.

Abstract: A sparge vessel having a liquid sample is heated with an immersion heater to more completely purge the analytes from the sample to a sorbent trap. A thermocouple may be used to help the immersion heater maintain the sample at a desired temperature between 70 and 85 degrees C.

Abstract: The invention encompasses polishing systems for polishing semiconductive material substrates, and encompasses methods of cleaning polishing slurry from semiconductive substrate surfaces. In one aspect, the invention includes a method of cleaning a polishing slurry from a substrate surface comprising: a) providing a substrate surface having a polishing slurry in contact therewith; b) providing a liquid; c) injecting a gas into the liquid to increase a total dissolved gas concentration in the liquid; and d) after the injecting, providing the liquid against the substrate surface to displace the polishing slurry from the substrate surface.

Abstract: A continuous process for removing oxygen from aqueous monomer solutions, including flowing an inert gas and a monomer solution in a column-shaped apparatus as a countercurrent, wherein the monomer solution is added at the head of the apparatus, flows through the apparatus as a liquid column, and is withdrawn slightly above the bottom, at least one section of the liquid column is mixed in radial flow direction and in a turbulent fashion, and the at least one section of the liquid column is mixed using at least one stirring element which is one of a turbine disk and a dispersing disk.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided that allow the reduction of the oxygen concentration and/or a concentration of other natural gases in process liquids used in the processing of substrates, preferably substrates that receive and/or contain exposed metal surfaces, such as copper surfaces. By introducing an inert gas in a water system or in a chemical storage tank for process liquids, already dissolved oxygen will be removed and the further dissolving of oxygen may be substantially prevented. Thus, the probability for the formation of corrosion and discoloration on copper surfaces is significantly reduced.

Abstract: A method and system for treating crude oil to improve its flowability includes operating an internal combustion engine to produce exhaust gas, reducing the temperature of the exhaust gas, injecting cooled exhaust gas into a separator in which water is extracted to provide dry exhaust gas, pumping crude oil at an elevated pressure into a treatment vessel, compressing the dry exhaust gas to provide pressurized exhaust gas that is introduced into the treatment vessel and intimately mixing the crude oil and the pressurized exhaust gas in the treatment vessel to provide treated crude oil having a substantial portion of the exhaust gas absorbed therein to thereby provide crude oil having improved flowability.

Abstract: The present invention generally offers a system and a method that allows a vessel to treat water while providing corrosion inhibition. An oxygen stripping gas source produces oxygen stripping gas that may be pumped directly to, preferably but optional a venturi injector, or may first be pumped into an empty tank and then delivered to the injector means. Water being pumped through the injector via a transfer piping means comes into contact with the oxygen stripping gas, and dissolved oxygen in the water transfers to micro-fine stripping gas bubbles generated by the injector. The water and the micro-fine bubbles are pumped from the injector and into the tank, where the micro-fine bubbles float to the surface, and the oxygen is released into the tank's headspace. The deoxygenated water may be re-circulated through the system for additional deoxygenation or released from the tank into the surrounding waterways.

Abstract: Undesirable dissolved gas is removed from a liquid by pressurizing the liquid containing the undesirable dissolved gas therein. The liquid is then directed into a hydrocyclone having an inlet optimized for liquid particle movement through a liquid vortex stream created by the hydrocyclone. A preferred gas is injected into an evacuated central area of the liquid vortex stream for absorption therein. The pressure of the liquid is then lowered, such as by directing the liquid to a discharge tank, in order to remove a proportional amount of absorbed preferred gas and the undesirable dissolved gas from the liquid.

Abstract: Undesirable dissolved gas is removed from a liquid by pressurizing the liquid containing the undesirable dissolved gas therein. The liquid is then directed into a hydrocyclone having an inlet optimized for liquid particle movement through a liquid vortex stream created by the hydrocyclone. A preferred gas is injected into an evacuated central area of the liquid vortex stream for absorption therein. The pressure of the liquid is then lowered, such as by directing the liquid to a discharge tank, in order to remove a proportional amount of absorbed preferred gas and the undesirable dissolved gas from the liquid.

Abstract: In a method of separating carbon dioxide from a gas mixture, a liquid solvent flows down an array of vertical wires with the gas mixture flowing over the liquid. Once on the wire, the liquid quickly breaks up into drops of varying sizes, with each size moving down the wire at a different velocity. Large, faster moving drops overtake the small, slower moving drops to form even larger drops. As the drops fall, new drops are created behind the falling drops. Consequently, drops of a large range of sizes are forming, colliding, and mixing as they travel down the wire. During this process, gas molecules that have adsorbed onto the liquid surface are mixed into the interior of the solvent, resulting in highly effective mass transfer and gas absorption. This enhanced mass transfer allows greater flexibility in the choice of solvent and in the system design.

Abstract: A method of reducing residual solvent levels in extracted biomass that is contaminated with HFC solvent includes sparging the biomass extract with a solvent stripping gas such as air or Nitrogen.

Abstract: A method of removing MTBE from an aqueous solution. A counter-current air stripper is employed in carrying out the present method configured in the form of a substantially cylindrical column having a top and a bottom, a substantially circular cross section and longitudinal axis. An inlet is provided for the aqueous solution containing MTBE proximate the top of the column and an inlet is provided for air proximate the bottom of the column such that the aqueous solution is caused to gravitationally travel within the column while the air moves upward in a counter-current fashion. The column is at least partially packed with open spherical balls having internal ribs.

Abstract: A mass transfer machine removes dissolved gases or volatile organic compounds from air or a liquid. The mass transfer machine includes a vessel capable of containing a liquid and having a liquid inlet and an air inlet at a near end. It further includes a liquid outlet at a far end. Two or more baffles are located transversely inside of the vessel. The baffle located nearest to the far end of the vessel has a window. Two or more diffusers are located near a bottom surface of the vessel. The diffusers are in communication with the air inlet and have two or more orifices through a wall. An adjustable plate is releasably mounted over the window of the baffle located closest to the far end of the vessel. The plate is adjustable in a vertical direction. In one embodiment, an air source supplies air to the air inlet located on the near end of the vessel. In another embodiment, an air source is connected to the an air exit located on the far side of the vessel.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods for reducing residual solvent levels in extracted biomass that is contaminated with HFC solvent that includes sparging the biomass extract with a solvent stripping gas such as air or nitrogen are disclosed. Apparatus for carrying out the method include a vessel (12;25) containing extract (26) and a source of the gas. The source may be in the form of a moveable, hollow wand (27) having a sparging gas outlet; or a fixed gas inlet (30) for bubbling the gas through the extract (26).

Abstract: A slurry tray and a method for removing residual vinyl chloride monomer from a polyvinylchloride resin slurry with reduced discoloration of the polyvinylchloride resin is provided. The slurry tray preferably includes partitioned channels that cause the slurry to flow at a velocity that maintains solids contained with the slurry in a liquid suspension and weirs contains holes to allow solids trapped at the bottom of the weir to flow continuously downward to a bottom of the plate tower for removal from the tower. The method preferably includes supplying the slurry towards the top of the tower and a vapor towards the bottom of the tower. The slurry descends the tower, while the steam simultaneously ascends the tower, both through directional valves. The solids trapped upon the surface of the trays travel down the tower through the holes within the weirs for removal from the tower.

Abstract: The compound/curvilinear immiscible liquid separator has a separator section with an outer, elongated, cylindrical shell aligned vertically opening into an upper transition section and vapor dome at the top and a lower transition section and solid/heavy crude containment section at the bottom. A center column is disposed in the axial center of the separator section and a plurality of serially connected curved plates are disposed between the outer shell and center column to define an elongated curvilinear flow path having reverse flow pathways. An oil-water-gas mixture is introduced into the separator section under pressure past heating coils and through the curvilinear path, the lighter density oil entering and being removed from the top of the center column, and heavier sludge and brine collecting in the containment section. Gases bubble up through the center column and are removed from the vapor dome.

Abstract: Equipment for the treatment of a liquid such as a metal melt has one or more rotors (5) for the supply of gas and/or particulate material to the liquid in a reaction chamber (1). The reaction chamber (1) is closed and has an inlet (3) and an outlet (13) and is designed to be placed under a vacuum. The outlet (13) communicates with another chamber or outlet passage (2). The equipment may have several reaction chambers (1, 2) arranged in series. The first reaction chamber (1) then communicates with the second reaction chamber (2), the second reaction chamber with a third, etc. via an opening (16).

Abstract: The system removes contaminating gases, such as radon, from water using a bubbling action. Contaminated water is sprayed together with air through a duct to a bottom region of a bubbling container. The water and air move generally in the same direction through the system, allowing the flow rate to be varied while maintaining forced air/water contact. The aerated contaminated water bubbles upwardly through the bubbling container and passes through one or more diffusing or mixing plates causing the aerated contaminated water to further break out contaminating gases into the air. At the top region of the bubbling container, the contaminating gases are vented while the decontaminated water flows into a tank. The decontaminated water can then be pumped to a desired location, for example, to a house water system.

Abstract: In the present process for the preparation of urea, an off-gas stream released during the synthesis of melamine in a high-pressure melamine process which consists predominantly of ammonia and carbon dioxide, is introduced into at least one high-pressure section of a urea stripping plant and is used in the synthesis of urea. The off-gas stream can be used directly without any further treatment.

Abstract: The present invention is a method and apparatus for aerating liquids including pumping liquids to be aerated into a hollow manifold, providing nozzles on the manifold and openings in the top of the manifold for spraying the liquids to be aerated therefrom, swirling the liquids in a spiral direction prior to the liquids reaching the nozzles, injecting air under pressure into the nozzles prior to discharge of the liquids to be aerated from the nozzles, and discharging the liquids through the nozzles and the openings from the interior of the manifold to the exterior of the manifold.

Abstract: A radon stripper system for removing radon from well water including a draft tube and an air supply line that is interfaced with a gas supply. The draft tube is vertically aligned beneath the surface of the water in a well. Gas is delivered into the draft tube a sufficient distance induces a flow in the well water. The gas interface between the gas delivered to the radon stripper system and the well water is increased. The induced water flow and increased gas to radon-contaminated water interface removes the radon from the well water.

Abstract: A method for removing THMs and dissolved oxygen from water, including supplying the water into an upper portion of an air stripping container, passing the water generally downward toward a lower portion and through a first packing material, introducing air into the lower portion for flow generally upward toward the upper portion and generally against the flow of the water whereby at least some THMs undergo a phase change from liquid to gas and are carried generally upward with the air, supplying the water to an upper region of a vacuum degassing container, passing the water generally downward toward a lower region and through a second packing material, and dispensing the water from the lower region.

Abstract: An enclosed tank with a liquid inlet, a liquid outlet, a gas inlet, and a gas outlet. A liquid is forced to flow turbulently through the tank. Simultaneously a scrubbing gas is pumped through the tank. Turbulence induced in the liquid encourages gasses dissolved in the liquid to transfer to the scrubbing gas and thence to exit the gas outlet. Liquid pressure is provided externally to the invention, such as by a water utility or house water pump. The liquid inlet has a nozzle that injects the liquid against baffles in the tank to create turbulence. The liquid level in the tank is stabilized by controlling the scrubbing gas pressure. A lower layer of liquid and an upper layer of scrubbing gas are maintained in the tank as they flow through the tank together. Various liquid level stabilizing means are shown as examples. An electronic feedback system optionally controls the scrubbing gas flow rate according to the contamination level of the liquid.

Abstract: Process and apparatus to strip volatile contaminants from a liquid supply stream in which the contaminants are dissolved. A gas inducing mixer-injector injects a stripping gas into the stream to form a mixed stream of liquid with its contaminants and bubbles of the stripping gas. The mixed stream is passed through a tangential degasser separator, withdrawing separated gas and water, while maintaining the flow part from the injector to the outlets of the separator at sub-atmospheric pressure.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods and devices for reducing the concentration of combustible gases in oils. The methods and devices of the invention are of particular use in reducing the concentration of combustible gases in insulating oils used in electrical devices such as transformers.

Abstract: A method of degassing a volume of supersaturated liquid is provided which comprises introducing a plurality of microbubbles of gas substantially near the bottom of the volume of supersaturated liquid so that the microbubbles percolate up through the volume of supersaturated liquid to thereby effect removal of dissolved gas in the volume of the supersaturated liquid at the top of the volume. In one embodiment, the step of introducing microbubbles comprises introducing the microbubbles by recirculating deionized water through a hollow fiber microfiltration membrane. In another embodiment, the step of introducing microbubbles comprises introducing the microbubbles through a pipe from the turbine of a dam. In most applications, the volume of supersaturated liquid is water and the microbubbles of gas comprise air. The volume of supersaturated water advantageously comprises a volume of a river, lake or stream which is near a dam with a turbine.

Abstract: A process for recovering carbon dioxide from a gas containing both carbon dioxide and oxygen wherein a carbon dioxide and oxygen containing gas is first contacted with an alkanolamine solution to produce an alkanolamine loaded with carbon dioxide and oxygen, the oxygen is separated from the absorption solution, such as by stripping with a scavenging gas, such as the carbon dioxide containing fluid obtained from the separation of carbon dioxide from the alkanolamine solution or nitrogen, prior to any heating of the absorption solution, and carbon dioxide is steam stripped from the absorption solution and recovered. By stripping the oxygen out of the alkanolamine solution, oxidative degradation of the alkanolamine can be reduced.

Abstract: Apparatus and an associated method of operation are disclosed for removal of gaseous contaminants, particularly oxygen, from closed containers. The apparatus is economical, simple to install and operate, of convenient size, and highly effective. A gas extractor communicates with a container for a gas-sensitive product. A high gas concentration in the container causes operation of the extractor until the gas concentration is reduced to a desired low level, when the extractor operation stops. Separate sensors and controllers responsive to concentrations can be present, or the extractor can be self-actuated by use as a power source of a battery which operates on gas generated by operation of the extractor. The system preferably is used for oxygen extraction from containers holding oxygen-sensitive contents. The preferred extractor includes an electrochemical cell which has a ion-permeable membrane disposed between two electrodes.

Abstract: An aeration system for removing radon and other volatile compounds from a water or other liquid source. Water supplied from a well and/or water pressure/storage tank enters an aeration tank and is sprayed through a clog resistant nozzle. The nozzle creates a cone shaped spray of very fine water droplets or particles. Such spraying exposes the maximum amount of water surface area to the air stream and hence removes about 50% of the existing radon and other volatile compounds contained within the water. The sprayed water is then collected and fills the aeration tank and the collected water is then exposed to a source of high pressure, filtered air which is blown through a conventional sparger to vigorously agitate and aerate the sprayed and collected water in the aeration tank thereby removing any remaining radon and other volatile compounds from the water.

Abstract: This invention is directed to a method for producing UHP tungsten hexafluoride by introducing an amount of crude tungsten hexafluoride to an evaporating process for separation into an amount of tungsten hexafluoride-containing volatile impurities and an amount of non-volatile metallic impurities; passing the amount of tungsten hexafluoride-containing volatile residue to a gas phase adsorption process for separation into an amount of semi-crude tungsten hexafluoride product and an amount of hydrogen fluoride non-volatile residue; and passing the amount of semi-crude tungsten hexafluoride product to a sparging system using UHP helium for separation into a non-volatile UHP tungsten hexafluoride product.

Abstract: A column to regenerate methanol from a methanol-water mixture includes a circular column having two contact beds with a plurality of gas inlets connected thereto to split the entering feed gas so that approximately equal portions are fed through each bed. An inlet near the top of the column allows a methanol-water mixture to be introduced to flow down through the two contact beds, countercurrent to the feed gas.