Abstract: Aromatic nitro compounds are disclosed where the aromatic ring contains electron-withdrawing groups and said aromatic nitro compound is capable of undergoing intramolecular nucleophilic displacement after reduction of the nitro group. The compounds are especially useful in photographic elements where an image dye-providing material or a photographic reagent are released upon cleavage from the compound.

Abstract: Photographic elements, processes for forming images in photographic elements and new compounds are disclosed. Generally, the invention relates to ballasted electron-accepting nucleophilic displacement compounds; after acceptance of at least one electron (reduction) by a nucleophile precursor group, the compounds are capable of undergoing intramolecular nucleophilic displacement to release a diffusible moiety, such as an image dye or a photographic reagent. In certain embodiments, the ballasted electron-accepting nucleophilic displacement compounds are used in combination with electron donors and electron-transfer agents. The processes disclosed are particularly useful in providing positive transfer images using negative-working silver halide emulsions.

Abstract: A photographic material, especially a photothermographic material, for producing a dye-enhanced silver image comprising, in reactive association, (a) photosensitive silver halide, (b) an image-forming combination comprising (i) a silver salt of a certain 3-amino-1,2,4-mercaptotriazole derivative with (ii) a phenylenediamine or aminophenol silver halide developing agent, (c) a compound that contains a coupling moiety and which forms a dye upon reaction with the oxidized form of the developing agent, such as upon heating the element to a temperature above about 80.degree. C., (d) a binder, and (e) an antifoggant concentration of a thiazoline thione antifoggant, provides developed dye-enhanced silver images without the need for processing solutions or baths and provides reduced fog upon processing. An image can be developed in this material by merely heating the material to moderately elevated temperatures.

Abstract: A heat developable photographic material for producing a dye enhanced silver image comprising, in binder, in reactive association, (a) photosensitive silver halide, (b) a dye-forming coupler, (c) an oxidation-reduction image-forming combination comprising (i) a 3-amino-1H-1,2,4-triazole silver salt oxidizing agent, with (ii) an organic reducing agent which in its oxidized form forms a dye with the dye-forming coupler, and (d) an antifoggant concentration of a 5-mercapto-1,2,4-triazole antifoggant, provides developed, dye enhanced silver images with reduced fog upon processing. An image can be developed in this photographic material by merely heating the material. Other addenda employed in heat developable photographic materials, such as sensitizing dyes, can be useful with the described photographic materials.

Abstract: A novel class of redox releasing compounds contains an N,N-disubstituted carbamoyl ballast group. These compounds can be used in photographic elements and processes to release a dye or other photographically useful group as a function of silver halide development.

Abstract: A method for producing photographic images by development of an exposed silver halide element at elevated temperature is provided wherein the development occurs in the presence of a non-quaternary, non-heterocyclic nitrobenzene compound of the formula: ##STR1## WHEREIN: (R).sub.n stands for one or more substituents selected from hydrogen, halogen, alkyl, substituted alkyl, alkenyl, substituted alkenyl, alkynyl, substituted alkynyl, alkoxy, substituted alkoxy, alkylmercapto, substituted alkylmercapto, amino, substituted amino, aryl, substituted aryl, hydroxy, nitro, cyano, sulpho or carboxy in acid or salt form, alkoxycarbonyl and an acyl group derived from a carboxylic or sulphonic acid.The nitrobenzene compounds have a favorable effect on the sensitometric properties of the silver halide emulsion that are developed at elevated temperature. They reduce the supplemental fog produced by development at elevated temperature.

Abstract: Compounds of the general formula ##STR1## wherein A and B are hydroxy radicals in the 4,7 or 5,6 positions and X.sup.- represents Br.sup.-, Cl.sup.- or I.sup.- are incorporated into light-sensitive silver halide emulsions to improve their sensitometric characteristics. In general, these compounds act as antifoggants by restraining fog growth but at the same time act as development accelerators by increasing gradient and Dmax, usually at some speed loss.

Abstract: A process for the stabilization of and the prevention or substantial reduction of fogging in the use of photographic silver halide emulsions, characterized in that compounds selected from the group consisting of those represented by the general formulas I, II, and III: ##STR1## are added to the emulsion, before or during chemical sensitization and before coating of the emulsions onto a support therefor, wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are as herein described.

Abstract: A method of producing a lithographic photosensitive material comprising adding a water soluble iridium compound to the photographic emulsion in a ratio of about 10.sup.-6 to 10.sup.-4 mole per mole of the silver halide at the first or second ripening procedure of a silver halide photographic emulsion containing at least 60 mole% silver chloride, further adding a hydroxytetrazaindene compound and a polyoxyethylene compound to the photographic emulsion and coating the photographic emulsion on a support.

Abstract: A heat developable light sensitive material which comprises a support having therein or in one or more layers thereon (a) an organic silver salt, (b) a light sensitive silver halide or a component capable of producing a light sensitive silver halide and (c) a reducing agent and additionally contains (d) at least one phthalazinone and (e) at least one compound selected from benzoxazinediones and quinazolinediones in a molar ratio of the amount of the component (e) to that of the component (d) smaller than about 1:1 (i.e. molar ratio (e)/(d) 1) in at least one of the layers containing components (a) to (c), in a specific layer additionally provided on the support other than the layers containing components (a) to (c), or in the support to result in the production of images of a pure black tone and in improvements in shelf-life under high humidity and the developing speed.

Abstract: A process for hardening photographic gelatino-silver halide emulsions with glutaraldehyde or substituted glutaraldehydes.

Abstract: Photographic silver halide emulsions which have their sensitivity increased by the addition of sulfur-substituted isothioureas of the formula; ##STR1## where R, R.sub.2, and R.sub.3 are organic radicals and R.sub.1 is an organic radical or H.

Abstract: Photographic silver halide material developed in the presence of a novel antifogging or stabilizing compound which is present in the material and/or in the developing composition and corresponds to the following formula: ##STR1## wherein: Q is sulphur or seleniumX is sulphur, selenium or oxygenY is sulphur, selenium, oxygen or a single bond,R.sup.1 stands for an alkyl group having no nitrogen containing substituents or an aryl group,R.sup.2 represents the same groups as indicated for R.sup.1, provided that only when X represents sulphur or selenium nitrogen containing substituents of alkyl are excluded,R.sup.3 stands for hydrogen, carboxy in acid or salt form, an alkyl group or an aryl group, andR.sup.4 stands for hydrogen provided Y represents a single bond, an alkyl group having no nitrogen containing substituents, when Y represents sulphur or selenium and having no hydroxy substituents when Y represents a single bond and X as well as Q represent sulphur or selenium, or an aryl group,R.sup.3 and R.sup.

Abstract: Photothermographic materials may be stabilized by inclusion of compounds having terminal 1,1,1-tri bromoethoxy or 1,1,1-di bromochloroethoxy type groups.

Abstract: A light-sensitive material containing in emulsified form photographic additives and a process for introducing these photographic additives in emulsified form into photographic hydrophilic colloid layers with at least one N-alkylphtalimide derivative of the formula ##STR1## in which R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are as defined hereinafter; the material having improved stability properties.

Abstract: An improved photothermographic material can be prepared by sequentially mixing the following components: (1) a dispersion comprising a 2-mercaptobenzothiazole, 2-mercaptobenzimidazole, 2-mercaptobenzoxazole or 2-mercaptobenzoselenazole compound and a silver salt of certain heterocyclic thiones with (2) a reducing agent solution, (3) a binder, and (4) a silver halide photosensitive composition containing a spectral sensitizing dye, such as a symmetrical or unsymmetrical thiosulfato substituted benzimidazolocarbocyanine dye. A photothermographic material containing the described components can provide a developed image after imagewise exposure by merely heating the material to moderately elevated temperatures.

Abstract: A method for spectrally sensitizing a silver halide photographic emulsion with a supersensitizing combination as hereinafter described, wherein the combination of a trimethinecyanine dye and a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound having a mercapto group, which is capable of producing a slightly soluble silver salt by reacting with a silver ion, is incorporated in the emulsion in a supersensitizing amount.

Abstract: A photographic coupler capable of releasing a development inhibitor upon reaction with an oxidation product of a color developing agent and represented by the following general formula (I) or (II) ##STR1## wherein A represents a coupler residue; Z represents a sulfur atom, a selenium atom or an oxygen atom; R.sup.1 represents an aliphatic group; R.sup.2 and R.sup.3, which may be the same or different, each represents a hydrogen atom, an aliphatic group, an alkoxy group, a hydroxy group, or an aromatic group, and R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 can combine and represent the atoms necessary to form a benzene ring or a naphthalene ring, ##STR2## wherein A represents a coupler residue; R.sup.4 represents an aliphatic group or an aromatic group; and R.sup.5 and R.sup.6 which may be the same or different, each represents a hydrogen atom, an aliphatic group or an aromatic group; and silver halide photographic elements containing these photographic couplers.

Abstract: A development method which comprises developing a silver halide photographic ligh-sensitive material in the presence of a compound represented by the following general formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4 and R.sub.5 each represent a hydrogen atom, alklyl group, alkenyl group, aralkyl group or aryl group, X represents an anion, and P is 1 or 2.

Abstract: A chemically sulfur-sensitized silver halide photographic emulsion which contains: (1) at least 80 mol% silver bromide or silver chloride; wherein substantially are of the silver halide particles present are of the cubic crystal form; and (2) a sensitizing amount of an organic compound having at least one mercapto group and capable of reacting with a silver ion to form a water-insoluble silver salt. A method of sensitizing such an emulsion and a process of forming such an emulsion are also disclosed.

Abstract: An activator precursor, which is preferably an activator-stabilizer precursor, containing a base portion and an acid portion has improved properties when the acid portion is a 2-carboxycarboxamide. The activator precursors are useful in photographic materials which are responsive to heat for processing. The activator stabilizers have improved coating properties and do not release undesirable volatile materials upon heating.

Abstract: A process for preparing a sulfur-sensitized silver halide photographic emulsion whose average grain size does not exceed 0.5 .mu.m, which comprises forming the silver halide grains in the presence of ammionia and incorporating therein at least one hydroxytetrazaindene compound represented by the following general formula (I) or (II): ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 each represents a hydrogen atom, an aliphatic group or an aromatic group, and n represents 1 or 2; to thereby increase sensitivity.

Abstract: A photographic silver halide material containing a new stabilizer compound which is an aromatic compound containing in ortho position two bridging members which are linked to form a spiro structure with a 2'-imidazolidine-4',5'-dione as defined hereinafter.

Abstract: An activator-stabilizer precursor compound having an acid portion which is an alpha-sulfonylacetate is useful in a photographic composition which is responsive to heat for processing. The activator-stabilizer precursors are characterized in that their acid byproducts have reduced toxicity and volatility and are substantially inert in a processed photographic element.

Abstract: This application is concerned with dye developer diffusion transfer color processes and discloses the incorporation of certain 2-substituted benzimidazoles, e.g., 2-phenyl-benzimidazole, in a dye developer photosensitive element to provide improved temperature latitude.

Abstract: A silver halide photographic emulsion containing at least one sensitizing dye represented by the following general formula (I), ##STR1## in which Z represents an atomic group necessary for forming a benzoxazole nucleus or a naphthoxazole nucleus; R.sub.1 represents an aliphatic group; R.sub.2 represents an alkyl group, an allyl group or an aryl group; R.sub.3 represents an alkoxycarbonylalkyl group, an alkoxyalkyl group, an N-(N,N-dialkylaminoalkyl)carbamoylalkyl group, an N-(N,N,N-trialkylammoniumalkyl)carbamoylalkyl group or an N,N,N-trialkylammoniumalkyl group, with R.sub.2 being a phenyl group where R.sub.3 is an alkoxycarbonylalkyl group; X represents an acid anion; and n represents 0 or 1.

Abstract: A thermodevelopable photographic material having a reduced tendency to fog formation by heat, comprising a support and at least one layer containing (a) an organic silver salt, (b) a catalytic amount of a photosensitive silver halide or a compound capable of forming a photosensitive silver halide by reaction with the organic silver salt (a), (c) a binder, (d) a reducing agent, and (e) a specific bromine-containing heterocyclic compound. In order to increase the transparency of the thermodevelopable photographic layer of the material and the density of the image and to improve its storability, a topcoating of polymer can be formed on the photographic layer.

Abstract: A heat developable photosensitive material capable of forming fogless and table images of high contrast which comprises at least an organic silver salt, a halide and at least one member selected from sulfur and sulfur compounds having a moiety of ##STR1##

Abstract: A silver halide photographic emulsion supersensitized by a combination of (1) at least one cyanine sensitizing dye containing therein two 5- or 6-membered nitrogen-containing heterocyclic nuclei which may be the same as or different from each other and which are attached, through a conjugated methine chain consisting of three, five or seven methine groups, to each other, and (2) a benzotriazole substituted with at least one halogen atom, both (1) and (2) being present in a supersensitizing amount. The emulsion shows reduced fog and intensified spectral sensitivity than an emulsion containing the cyanine dye alone.

Abstract: Silver halide supersensitized with a mixture of naphthoxazole and benzoxazole carbocyanine dyes.

Abstract: A thermally developable photosensitive material comprising a support having thereon in one or more layers, (a) an organic silver salt, (b) a catalytic amount of a photosensitive silver halide or a compound capable of forming photosensitive silver halide, (c) a reducing agent, (d) a binder and (e) at least one compound represented by the following general formula (I), ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 each is an alkyl group or an aralkyl group; and R.sub.3 is a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a chloroanilino group, a benzyloxy group, a 2-oxo-1-(N-phenylcarbamoyl)propyl group or a substituted phenyl group having one or more of a chlorine atom, an alkyl group, an amino group, an alkylamino group and a dialkylamino group as substituents; the following general formula (II), ##STR2## wherein R.sub.4 is a ##STR3## group, a ##STR4## group or a --NH(CH.sub.2).sub.n --NH-- group; and n is an integer of 1 to 5; or the following general formula (III), ##STR5## wherein R.sub.

Abstract: A method for dispersing organic compounds which are substantially insoluble in water and are used in photographic materials, such as chemical sensitizers (except spectral sensitizing dyes), antifoggants, antioxidants, ultraviolet absorbents, color couplers, coating aids, hardening agents, etc., effectively in a silver halide photosensitive emulsion comprising dissolving the organic compounds in an acid having a pKa of not over about 5, such as methanesulfonic acid, ethanesulfonic acid, etc., and adding the solution to the silver halide photosensitive emulsion directly or after dispersing in an aqueous solution.

Abstract: A color photographic light-sensitive material comprising a silver halide photographic emulsion containing (1) at least one compound selected from the group consisting of (a) a compound represented by the following general formula (I);cp - Z (I)wherein Cp represents a monovalent residue of a magenta or yellow coupler residue in which one hydrogen atom of the active methylene group is replaced by a coupling off group Z eliminated upon coupling reaction with an oxidation product of an aromatic primary amine color developing agent, and Z represents a nitrogen-containing coupling-off group connected to Cp at a nitrogen atom thereof, and (b) a 4-position unsubstituted 3-arylamino-5-pyrazolone derivative, and (2) at least one compound represented by the following general formula (II);q - sh (ii)wherein Q represents a heterocyclic group, bonded directly or indirectly thereto and containing at least one of a --SO.sub.

Abstract: Light-sensitive silver halide photographic materials containing, as an anti-foggant, a compound of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are individually an aryl or aralkyl group; Z is N, P, As or Sb; and X is an anion. The compositions are particularly suitable for use on polyester supports.

Abstract: 2-Amino-2-thiazolinium carboxylates and 4,5-dihydro-6H-1,3-thiazin-3-ium carboxylates are activator-stabilizers in heat-developable and heat-stabilizable photographic materials containing photographic silver salts and photographic silver salt developing agents. An image in such a photographic material is developed and the resulting developed image is stabilized by heating the photographic material.

Abstract: Surface sensitive photographic low pAg silver halide emulsions and elements are provided which contain (1) a photographic infrared spectral sensitizing dye having a polarographic cathodic halfwave potential more positive than about -1.20 volts, said dye being employed in the emulsion at a concentration which results in at least about 0.3 log E desensitization of a test portion of the emulsion, when the test portion of the emulsion is coated on a support, sensitometrically exposed and developed and (2) a silver complexing azaindene in an amount effective to reduce the desensitization caused by the spectral sensitizing dye. Photographic emulsions in accordance with this invention exhibit higher speeds in the spectrally sensitized region (i.e., higher minus blue speeds) than prior art surface-sensitive emulsions. In addition, use of the emulsions in accordance with this invention permits the use of higher dye concentrations and results in emulsions having excellent keeping qualities and much lower fog levels.

Abstract: An improved silver halide photosensitive material of the lith-type is disclosed which is suitable for an infectious development in order to obtain high contrast images with high sensitivity. A method for developing the material is also disclosed. The material comprises silver halide grains containing at least 50 mole per cent of silver chloride, less than 40 mole per cent of silver bromide and less than 5 mole percent of silver iodide based on total silver halide, the average size of the grains being 0.05 to 0.5 microns in diameter. The material further comprises a compound represented by the following general formula I or II ##STR1## wherein R is alkyl, aryl, aralkyl or acyl; R' is hydrogen or --OR; and R" is hydrogen or acyl.

Abstract: Photographic elements are disclosed which contain a blocked development restrainer which is designed to provide timely release of a development restrainer when the photographic element is processed with an alkaline processing composition. The photographic elements are especially useful in image-transfer film units where the blocked development restrainers will permit initial development to occur and, upon cleavage, will substantially restrain further development.

Abstract: A heat developable light-sensitive element having reduced thermal fogging and improved light stability comprising a support having therein or in one or more layers thereon (a) an organic silver salt, (b) a light-sensitive silver halide or a compound capable of forming a light-sensitive silver halide upon reaction with the organic silver salt, (c) a reducing agent, and (d) an oxazolinone compound.

Abstract: Photographic elements comprising a silver halide emulsion layer give less fog in negative type emulsions and increased speed in direct-positive emulsions when said emulsions are developed in the presence of an organic heterocyclic or thioaryl-substituted tertiary phosphine.

Abstract: A heat-developable light-sensitive material comprising a support having therein or in one or more layers thereon an organic silver (b) a light-sensitive silver halide, and (c) a reducing agent, with the light-sensitive silver halide comprising the reaction product of a part of the organic silver salt and an N-halo compound represented by the following formula (I): ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 each is a hydrogen atom; an alkyl group having 1 to 22 carbon atoms; a haloalkyl group having 1 to 22 carbon atoms; an amino group; a hydroxyalkyl group having 1 to 22 carbon atoms; an allyl group; a naphthyl group; a benzyl group; a ##STR2## group in which R.sub.5 is a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkylthio group, an amino group or an alkylamino group; a benzyloxy group; an aryl group; a haloaryl group; an alkylaryl group; and alkoxyaryl group; an --OR.sub.6 group in which R.sub.

Abstract: A heat-developable light-sensitive material which comprises a support containing therein or in one or more layers thereon at least (a) an organic silver salt; (b) a light-sensitive silver halide or a component capable of forming a light-sensitive silver halide on reaction with the organic silver salt; (c) a reducing agent, and (d) a 2-thiouracil.

Abstract: A method for forming photographic images of particularly improved sharpness in which a photographic element is developed in the presence of an alkylene oxide polymer and a compound of the general formula ##STR1## wherein Q represents the atoms required to form an optionally substituted, defined heterocyclic ring and R is as defined in the specification, or a compound of the general formula ##STR2## wherein W is a sulfur, selenium or oxygen atom or a group >N--R.sub.3, R.sub.1, R.sub.2, and R.sub.3 each is an optionally substituted, defined alkyl group and Z represents the atoms required to form an optionally substituted, defined heterocyclic ring.

Abstract: An improved lith-type silver halide photosensitive material of a wide latitude for infectious developing is disclosed which comprises, in an amount of 5 mg to 5 g per mole of silver halide, a compound represented by the following general formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, aryl, aralkyl, arythio or aryloxy group, and R.sub.2 is hydrogen, halogen, alkyl, alkoxy or nitro.

Abstract: Methylenedisalicylic acid is added to ink containing a pigment derived from fluorescein to overcome tinting and scumming when the ink is used in offset printing.

Abstract: A silver halide photographic emulsion containing the combination of (i) at least one cyanine dye wherein two basic 5-membered and/or 6-membered nitrogen-containing heterocyclic nuclei are linked by methine groups having an odd number of carbon atoms not exceeding 7 and the substituents on the nitrogen atoms in the heterocyclic nuclei are aliphatic groups or aromatic groups with at least one of the substituents on the nitrogen atom being an alkyl group having a sulfo group or a carboxyl group, and (ii) at least one substantially colorless nitrogen-containing heterocyclic organic base selected from the group consisting of a benzothiazole, a benzothiazolone, a naphthothiazole, a naphthothiazolone, and a quinolone in a quantity sufficient to supersensitize.

Abstract: Photographic silver halide materials are described which comprise as antifogging agent a compound of the formula: ##SPC1##Wherein:X is a hydroxy or carboxy group or a substituent or fused-on azole heterocyclen is 1 to 4, andR is hydrogen, halogen, alkyl, alkoxy, alkoxycarbonyl, sulpho, aryl, fused-on benzene or X.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of silver halide photographic emulsions, characterized in that a water-soluble rhodium salt and an effective stabilizing amount of a compound taken from the class consisting of adenine, guanine, uracil, cytosine and thymine is added to a silver halide photographic emulsion prior to completion of the physical ripening thereof.

Abstract: Anti-fog compounds for silver halide photographic emulsions are disclosed. These compounds comprise the addition products of lower alkylene oxides and organic polyamines. The addition products of ethylene diamine and propylene oxide-ethylene oxide are especially useful in this application.

Abstract: A method is disclosed of forming silver halide grains capable of forming a surface latent image upon exposure to visible light. The grains are formed by incorporating from 10.sup.-6 to 10.sup.-10 mole of iridium per mole of silver before first ripening. The iridium is incorporated in the presence of a water soluble purine base or a water soluble salt thereof.