Abstract: A method of controlling an oxygen generation device of the kind including a ceramic membrane through which an electrical current is passed whilst ambient air is supplied to one side of the membrane, the membrane allowing oxygen in the supplied air to diffuse therethrough by ionic transport when the membrane is at or above an operating temperature, at a rate dependant upon the electrical current, there being a plenum or the like to recover the oxygen at a second side of the membrane, the method comprising regulating the electrical current passing through the membrane by switching the electrical current on and off and varying the proportion of current-on time in a given time interval (t) in dependence upon a feedback signal.

Abstract: Disclosed is a chemical and biological air purifier. The air purifier has a housing having an inlet and an outlet both aligned on a longitudinal axis, a turbulence generator, one or more vacuum ultraviolet (UV) sources achieving a chemical purification and one or more germicidal ultraviolet (UV) sources achieving the biological purification. The turbulence generator is mounted within the housing downstream of the inlet and promotes a dispersion and mixing of air received through the inlet. The vacuum UV source is mounted within the housing downstream of the turbulence generator and breaks oxygen molecules into mono-atomic oxygen which then reacts with chemical contaminants present in the air and degrades them by successive oxidation to odorless and inoffensive byproducts. The turbulence generator reduces the production of ozone by increasing the contact between the mono-atomic oxygen and the chemical contaminants.

Abstract: Method to remove organic halogenated molecules from gaseous currents arriving as a residue of industrial working processes or not, the gaseous current being delivered into a reactor (16) containing a fluid bed consisting of at least one solid adsorbent element after having undergone at least one filtration followed by a cooling, the gaseous current cooperating with the solid particles with exchange by adsorption between the gaseous current and the solid particles, the reactor (16) achieving a time of contact between the gaseous current and the solid particles at least longer than 3 seconds, the gaseous current which enters the reactor (16) having a temperature lower than 80.degree. C., but advantageously between 30.degree. and 70.degree. C., the cooling of the gaseous current upstream of the reactor (16) being followed by a gas/water or gas/air heat exchanger (13).

Abstract: The electrostatic air cleaning system is mounted in a duct of a residential or commercial heating and cooling system to remove particles from the circulating air. The electrostatic air cleaning system includes an air flow sensor which turns the air cleaner off in response to the lack of air flow through the air duct. An air flow sensor circuit connected to the electrostatic air cleaner includes a thermistor which detects the lack of air flow in the duct and provides a signal in response to lack of airflow. The signal from the sensor causes the power supply to the electrostatic air cleaner to be disconnected when there is insufficient air flow through the air duct. The air flow sensor circuit is configured so that power will continue to be supplied to the electrostatic air cleaner from the power supply when the sensor is disabled for a variety of reasons.

Abstract: A flue gas conditioning system and method generates and introduces sulfur trioxide into flue gas produced by a boiler to condition the flue gas before it passes through an electrostatic precipitator. Flue gas is withdrawn from the flue duct which couples the boiler to the electrostatic precipitator and cleaned to provide a source of sulfur dioxide. The withdrawn flue gas is passed through a heater and then into a catalytic converter which converts native SO.sub.2 in the flue gas into SO.sub.3 which is then introduced back into the flue duct to condition the flue gas. The SO.sub.

Abstract: The present invention provides a flue gas conditioning system and method for generating conditioning agent used in the removal of entrained particles in a flue gas flow with an electrostatic precipitator. The invention involves a catalytic converter that is operable between an operative position where the flue gas is exposed to the catalyst and converts SO.sub.2 contained in the flue gas to SO.sub.3 when conditioning agent is needed and an inoperative position where the flue gas is not exposed to the catalyst when conditioning agent is no longer needed. The catalytic converter and related assembly may take variable configurations to accommodate various flue gas ductworks and space limitations and may carry one or more SO.sub.2 /SO.sub.3 converters providing a plurality of open and generally parallel flow paths of the flue gas.

Abstract: Various types of air cleaning devices for cleaning air fed to a passenger compartment of a motor vehicle are described. These air cleaning devices are arranged to incorporate with a cowl top structure of the vehicle. In one type, an air filter is disposed in an external air introduction passage led to the passenger compartment, and when the air filter is blocked with arrested dusts, a bypass passage is established to keep the feeding of atmospheric air to the passenger compartment. In a modified type, the bypass passage is instantly blocked and an internal air circulation mode is established. In one type, an electrostatic air collecting unit is used for arresting very fine particles in the atmospheric air fed to the passenger compartment. In order to achieve a smoothed air flow in the electrostatic air collecting unit, smoothly curved air guide passages are defined between positive and negative electrode plates.

Abstract: The present invention provides a flue gas conditioning system and method for generating conditioning agent used in the removal of entrained particles in a flue gas flow with an electrostatic precipitator. The invention involves the use of a catalytic converter movable between an operative position where the flue gas flows through the catalyst and converts SO.sub.2 contained in the flue gas to SO.sub.3 when conditioning agent is needed and an inoperative position where the flue gas does not flow through the catalyst when conditioning agent is no longer needed. The movable catalytic converter and related assembly may take variable configurations to accommodate various flue gas ductworks and space limitations and may carry one or more SO.sub.2 /SO.sub.3 converters providing a plurality of open and generally parallel flow paths of the flue gas that are formed by a catalyst effective over a wide range of temperatures for the controlled conversion of preferably a low percentage of SO.sub.2 in the flue gas to SO.

Abstract: Improved apparatus and methods for the treatment of boiler flue gas with sulfur trioxide conditioning agent include the beneficial use of catalytic converters that can be located immediately adjacent the injection site for their sulfur trioxide output, that can be individually sized and manufactured for variable required conditioning agent outputs, that can be individually controlled and can provide substantially improved conversion efficiency and that can provide an efficient, flexible, effective and relatively inexpensive multi-boiler flue conditioning system.

Abstract: A flue gas conditioning system features a self-contained sulfur burner control loop that operates to maintain a constant desired temperature supply of sulfur dioxide in air by varying the rate of supply of sulfur fuel to the sulfur burner, and the absence of device in the sulfur flow path to measure or monitor sulfur flow rate. In the system, a conditioning agent demand signal operates either a means to supply the sulfur burner with a flow of air, or an air heater in the air flow path upstream of the sulfur burner, or both, to provide conditions that would increase or decrease the temperature of the sulfur burner output absent the self-contained sulfur burner control loop, and as a result of the operation of the self-contained sulfur burner control loop, systems of the invention can provide a demanded flow of sulfur dioxide and air at a substantially constant concentration and a desired temperature to a catalytic converter in response to a conditioning agent demand signal.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a flue gas conditioning agent demand control apparatus for controlling a flow of conditioning agent for removal of entrained particles in a flue gas with an electrostatic precipitator having at least one charging electrode and at least one collecting electrode through the use of a signal determined from a rate of discharge of a charged electrode of the electrostatic precipitator.

Abstract: The present invention provides a flue gas conditioning system and method for generating conditioning agent used in the removal of entrained particles in a flue gas flow with an electrostatic precipitator. The invention involves the use of a catalytic converter movable between an operative position where the flue gas flows through the catalyst and converts SO.sub.2 contained in the flue gas to SO.sub.3 when conditioning agent is needed and an inoperative position where the flue gas does not flow through the catalyst when conditioning agent is no longer needed. The movable catalytic converter and related assembly may take variable configurations to accommodate various flue gas ductworks and space limitations.

Abstract: In a method of making sensitive material for use in an image forming process which comprises uniformly charging the surface of a sensitive layer formed on a base and composed of an electrical insulator and photoconductive particles, subsequently exposing the charged surface to an optical image, and dissolving the electrical insulator with an organic solvent to selectively remove the photoconductive particles, the improvement which comprises using a base where at least one side of which is to be in contact with the sensitive layer is treated with a liquid containing a non-volatile material comprising colloidal alumina. The material as described is also claimed.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive material suitable for offset printing and lithography comprising a flexible substrate, an electroconductive back coat layer formed on one surface of the substrate, an electroconductive intermediate layer formed on the other surface of the substrate and a photoconductive layer formed on the intermediate layer, said photoconductive layer being composed of a fine powder of a photoconductor dispersed in an electrically insulating resin, wherein said intermediate layer is composed of a composition comprising (A) an acrylic resin, (B) a vinyl acetate polymer having a degree of polymerization of 100 to 1700 and (C) a resinous conducting agent, in said composition the weight ratio of acrylic resin (A)/vinyl acetate polymer (B) is in the range of 4/1 to 10/1 and the amount of the conducting agent (C) is 20 to 100 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the sum of the components (A) and (B), said intermediate layer has such a multi-layer distribution stru

Abstract: The present invention provides a photosensitive material for use in electrophotography which is prepared by forming a barrier layer containing a peptide polymer between a conductive support and a photosensitive layer. This photosensitive material impedes unnecessary charge infiltration through the conductive support, maintains an appropriate charge acceptability, imparts an adhesive property of the photosensitive layer in relation to the support or flexibility of the photosensitive material, and prevents deterioration of such characteristics as photosensitivity, residual potential, etc. When some acceptor or donor is additionally mixed in said barrier layer, the electrification property thereof is improved.

Abstract: A process for the production of electrophotographic grade zinc oxide which comprises heating zinc oxide to a temperature of between 150.degree. C. and 800.degree. C. and then treating the heat treated zinc oxide with an organic compound having at least two carbon atoms and containing an alkene group.

Abstract: An improved electrostatographic process wherein the imaging surface of the imaging member is treated with a lubricating effective amount of a compound selected from the group consisting of ortho-, meta-, para-phthalic acid, their corresponding metal or ammonium salts, and mixtures thereof. Controlled treatment of the imaging surfaces of the imaging member with the above compound(s) facilitates transfer of the developed image from the imaging member to a receiving sheet and removal of toner residues from the imaging surface upon cleaning. The imaging member element of the apparatus used in carrying out this process is covered with a thin film of lubricant over substantially all of its imaging surface thereby greatly improving toner transfer and removal.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a photosensitive material for use in electrophotography which comprises a support, a photoconductive layer, and an adhesive layer consisting mainly of chloroprene rubber and/or nitrile rubber, said adhesive layer being interposed in between said support and photoconductive layer. A photosensitive material of this type manifests a satisfactory adhesion between the support and the photoconductive layer as well as excellent flexibility, and inasmuch as said adhesive layer will not interfere with the leaking of charge, it always renders a clear-cut copied image.

Abstract: The method of coating a pervious fibre sheet with a photoconductor in which the photoconductor, a resin and a solvent for the resin are each selected and combined to have different penetrating power when applied to the pervious sheet whereby the photoconductor has a minimum penetration, the resin has a greater penetration and the solvent has the greater penetration, the components being selected to have an increasing dielectric constant inwards from the surface of the sheet, the resin being hydrophobic and capable of wetting both the photoconductor and the fibre.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive material comprising a substrate, a photoconductive photosensitive layer, and an intermediate layer interposed between the substrate and the photosensitive layer, said intermediate layer containing a compound which has at least one of hydroxyl and amino groups together with a quaternary ammonium group. The substrate includes a metallic support body and a conductive protection layer applied to form a surface layer on said metallic support body and made of a resin dispersed with carbon particles.

Abstract: Electrofax copy paper particularly for dry toner copiers comprises a substantially nonconductive substrate in combination with a photoconductive zinc oxide coating having greater light sensitivity, lower charge characteristicts and greater conductivity than conventional zinc oxide coatings. The substrate does not include any additives specifically for increasing its conductivity but relies on a balanced conductivity from front-to-back as a result of an even distribution of moisture throughout the substrate.

Abstract: A process for preparing a photosensitive material for electrostatic photography having an improved memory resistance, which comprises a photoconductive layer on an electrically conductive substrate, the photoconductive layer comprising (1) a finely divided inorganic photoconductor, (2) 5 to 50 parts by weight, per 100 parts by weight of the photoconductor of an electrically insulating organic synthetic resin binder having a specific resistance of at least 10.sup.14 ohm-cm, and (3) 0.001 to 1 % by weight, based on the photoconductor, of at least one photo-memory erasing compound selected from alkali metal dichromates, which process comprises forming the photoconductive layer by applying a coating composition to the electrically conductive substrate at a coating weight of 5 to 50 g/m.sup.

Abstract: A photosensitive material of the binder type for electrophotography having a photosensitive layer of the material comprising a silicon oil having a viscosity of at least 6000 cs when measured at 25.degree. C.

Abstract: Disclosed are monomers of the formula: ##STR1## R' is hydrogen or methyl; R" is alkyl of 1-10 carbon atoms;X and Y are independently selected from the group consisting of NO.sub.2, halogen, cyano and --CF.sub.3 ;Z is oxygen or dicyanomethylene;a and a' can range from 0-3; andn is 1-10.These monomers can be readily polymerized to polymers suitable for use in electrophotographic imaging members and methods.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive layer comprising finely divided photoconductive powders and a resin binder comprising a mixture of an acrylic resin and an epoxy ester resin in a ratio by volume of the acrylic resin to the epoxy ester resin of about 10:90 to 70:30; and an electrophotographic marking method suitable for use on substrates subsequently machined comprising electrophotographically marking machining information on a coating film, forming on a support to be machined, of the electrophotographic photosensitive layer as defined above and hardening the coating film.

Abstract: An electrophotographic recording material formed by extrusion, which comprises (A) 100 parts by weight of a blended composition of olefins having high and low melt indices in a specified weight ratio, (B) 0.025 to 40 parts by weight of a specified light-sensitizing organic compound, (C) 200 to 600 parts by weight of particulate photoconductive zinc oxide, (D) 0.06 to 0.4 part by weight, per 100 parts by weight of the total of components (A), (B) and (C), of a specified metal (e.g., Mg, Ca, Zn, Sn) salt of a C.sub.12-20 saturated or unsaturated fatty acid, and (E) 1 to 20 parts by weight of a silicone polymer; the components (B), (C), (D) and (E) being uniformly dispersed in component (A), and the light-sensitizing organic compound (B) being adsorbed to the surface of the zinc oxide (C).

Abstract: An imaging system using a migration imaging member comprising a softenable photoconductive material with a fracturable layer of migration marking material contacting the softenable photoconductive material and having the fracturable layer spaced apart from at least one surface of the softenable layer and typically contiguous to the free surface of the softenable material. Imaging with a member comprising a softenable photoconductive binder material with marking particles therein dispersed throughout said softenable binder is also disclosed. Imaging is accomplished by providing a migration force across the migration imaging member and developing the member whereby the migration marking material migrates in depth in the softenable layer in imagewise configuration.

Abstract: An improved photoconductive surface coating is provided having panchromatic sensitivity and increased resistance against spectral response shift upon reuse of the photoconductive layer. The surface coating comprises zinc oxide particles, a minor amount of a group IIB selenide or telluride and a binder in substantially uniform mixture. The selenide or telluride is present either as discrete particles or chemically deposited on the zinc oxide particles. In the latter instance, the resulting particles exhibit bi-chargeability and substantially increased light sensitivity. The selenide or telluride can be deposited chemically in accordance with one embodiment by dispersing zinc oxide particles in a medium such as water and precipitating the selenide or telluride, preferably in situ, on the surfaces of the particles.

Abstract: A photocurable electroconductive coating composition adapted to be crosslinked and insolubilized by actinic radiation comprises an acrylic monomer, a photoactivatable free radical polymerization initiator and a salt of a copolymerizable organic compound, wherein at least one of the monomers contains more than one polymerizable ethylenically unsaturated group. The cured coatings are insoluble in aqueous and organic solvents and are conductors of electricity suitable for conductive underlayers of photoconductive imaging elements and as antistatic coatings.

Abstract: An improved process is given whereby an imaging surface is treated with compositions which include substantially unbranched, primary and secondary amides of .omega. -- and cis alkenoic acids.

Abstract: Electronic-photography light-sensitive material provided with a light-sensitive material layer suitable for rendering of continuous gradation of tones.

Abstract: A photosensitive material for electrophotography which comprises a conductive support and two or more superimposed photosensitive layers where each layer comprises photoconductive power and a binder, the particle size of the photoconductive powder in an upper layer being greater than that in a lower layer. Both high photosensitivity and high resistance to electrical impact are imparted to the photosensitive material.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a hydrophobic overcoat for an electrophotographic element. The overcoat contains a polymeric composition such as a homopolymer, copolymer, or blend thereof and an .alpha.,.beta.-ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid or the partial alkyl ester thereof and a relatively large amount of cross-linking agent for said polymeric composition, for example, an imine-terminated cross-linking agent or a melamine-formaldehyde resin.

Abstract: A surface is prepared for use in electrophotography by spraying an enamel slip comprising a non-aqueous carrier vehicle, a photoconductive powder and glass enamel frit thereon.

Abstract: An aqueous latex coating composition comprising a non-conductive, water-insoluble copolymer of (1) methacrylic acid or maleic acid, (2) a styrene compound, and (3) a conjugated diene hydrocarbon or an alkyl ester of methacrylic acid or of acrylic acid is coated onto a sheet which is conductive or is non-conductive but may have a conductive layer adhered thereto. Thereby, sheets having a dielectric coating for electrographic printing are produced.

Abstract: Electrophotographic copies having images of high optical density formed on photoconductive layers having little weight and suitably transparent for use as photocopying originals are produced by charging electrostatically and exposing imagewise a photoconductive layer of less than 10 g/m.sup.2 in dry weight and less than 6 microns in thickness which contains zinc oxide and a binder in a weight proportion of between 9 and 14 and is chargeable at most to a surface potential of between 100 and 250 V, this layer being carried on a conductive flexible support having a specific resistance of less than 10.sup.13 ohm. cm, and thereafter developing the resulting charge pattern by contacting it during at most 3 seconds with a "one-component" powder which contains pigment dispersed in resin and has a specific resistance below 10.sup.7 ohm. cm, while maintaining a conductive connection between the developing powder and said support.

Abstract: An electrophotographic method comprises developing an electric latent image formed on a photosensitive member comprising a photoconductive material and containing a first color forming agent in a surface for forming a visible image with a charged toner particle containing a second color forming agent, and heating to cause a thermal color forming reaction therebetween resulting in formation of a colored fixed image on the photosensitive member.

Abstract: A lithographic printing plate is produced by the steps of forming a latent electrostatic image on a photoconductive zinc oxide insulating layer and developing this layer with a toner which forms an imagewise deposit on the recording layer. Applicants' invention relates to contacting the portions of the recording layer which are not covered with the hydrophobic deposit with a hydrophilizing composition (commonly called a conversion wash) comprising the reaction product of (1) phosphoric acid or one of the anions derived from such acid, (2) an organic amine compound, and (3) a hydrophilic metal cation, to form a reaction product with zinc ions from the zinc oxide which reaction product of zinc ions with said composition is substantially insoluble in said composition and is preferentially wetted by water thereby repelling lithographic inks. The plate produced by this process is especially useful for use on a lithographic offset press to produce multiple copies of an original.

Abstract: An image recording medium for recording incident radiation to provide a positive transparency is constructed of two electrically conductive composite layers containing photoconductive material between them. One of the conductive layers is opaque and the other is transparent to the incident radiation. A voltage, sufficient to cause holes to be produced in the opaque conductive layer in response to the incident radiation, is applied between the conductive layers. Various systems for controlling the recording process are described.

Abstract: In a process for producingan electrophotographic light-sensitive material having a porous support such as a paper support and at least one film forming resin layer directly coated on the support, the at least one resin layer is processed with a pinhole-filling dispersion comprising a liquid and a finely dispersed substance such as a pigment, a plastic particle or a pigment coated with a plastic therein, whereby the finely dispersed substance fills and seals pinholes in the film forming resin layer.

Abstract: A xeroprinting master capable of preparation of multiple copies of an original without reimaging and without permanent modification of the master itself. This xeroprinting master consists essentially of a conductive base member, a non-persistent photoconductive insulating layer, a persistent photoconductive insulating layer and a dielectric layer; these layers being arranged relative to one another in the order of their listing. A latent electrostatic image can be created upon the surface of the dielectric layer by initially exposing the persistent photoconductive insulating layer to an image pattern, sensitizing the surface of the dielectric layer in the dark by charging to a constant surface potential, followed by blanket exposure of the non-persistent photoconductive insulating layer; the wavelength of light used in blanket exposure of the non-persistent photoconductive insulating layer being substantially non-activating of the persistent photoconductive insulating layer.

Abstract: An improved photoconductive surface coating is provided having panchromatic sensitivity and increased resistance against spectral response shift upon reuse of the photoconductive layer. The surface coating comprises zinc oxide particles, a minor amount of a group IIB selenide or telluride and a binder in substantially uniform mixture. The selenide or telluride is chemically deposited on the zinc oxide particles. The resulting particles exhibit bi-chargeability and substantially increased light sensitivity. The selenide or telluride can be deposited chemically in accordance with one embodiment by dispersing zinc oxide particles in a medium such an water and precipitating the selenide or telluride, preferably in situ, on the surface of the particles.

Abstract: A holographic recording medium comprising a conductive substrate, a photoconductive layer and an electrically alterable layer of a linear, low molecular weight hydrocarbon polymer has improved fatigue resistance. An acrylic barrier layer can be interposed between the photoconductive and electrically alterable layers.

Abstract: There is described an electrophotographic photosensitive material including a conductive backing and a photosensitive layer, the photosensitive layer being formed of a photoconductive material, a resin binder, and a fluorine-contained resin. The fluorine-contained resin is a polymer or copolymer having a fluorine-contained monomer as its structural units and is preferably soluble in solvent.

Abstract: This invention provides a method for preparing a photoconductive powder comprising firing a combined starting mixture of CdSe, ZnS, ZnO, a Cu or Ag salt, and a Cd or Zn chloride or bromide as a flux, and preferably a Mn salt also, at a temperature higher than the melting point of the flux, cooling the fired product, and re-firing the cooled product in a sulfur vapor containing atmosphere. The photoconductive powder obtained by this method has high photosensitivity, high threshold voltage and fine particle size.

Abstract: A method and device for obtaining uniform vapor deposition of one or more inorganic metallic photoconductive materials onto a substrate by importing under vacuum a slow translational movement of one or more heated crucibles and/or of the substrate being coated.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a photosensitive material for use in electrophotographic processes requiring at least two stages of charging which is superior in sensitivity, durability and hydrophilicity, said photosensitive material comprising a conductive substrate on which there is (1) a photoconductive layer containing an inorganic photoconductive substance and an inorganic glass and (2) a transparent insulating layer which is an inorganic glass, and may include a protective thin layer of a metal oxide.

Abstract: A photoreceptor used in xerographic imaging process and normally including a photoconductive layer comprising a mixture of photoconductive particles dispersed throughout the layer with resinous binder material is joined by bonding to a conductive base layer through an intermediate layer which provides a charge carrier injecting interface between the photoconductive particles and the base layer. The charge carrier interface is obtained by forming the intermediate layer from high mass conductive particles dispersed within an insulating resinous material, and causing photoconductive particles in the photoconductor layer to contact conductive particles in the intermediate layer along the bond interface. The conductive particles are selected so as to have available charge carriers at suitable energy levels whereby the photoconductor to conductor particle contact points form individual charge carrier injection contacts which permit certain xerographic imaging processes to be used.

Abstract: Migration material dispersed throughout a softenable layer is caused to imagewise selectively migrate to at least locations in depth in the softenable layer, by (A) subjecting said migration material to an imagewise migration force and changing the resistance of said softenable layer, to migration of migration material or by (B) subjecting said migration material to a migration force and imagewise changing the resistance of said softenable layer to migration of migration material.

Abstract: A stable panchromatically sensitized zinc oxide having a low moisture sensitivity with dark discharge properties rendering it suitable as the photoconductive material of elements for indirect as well as direct electrophotography is produced by reacting finely divided zinc oxide with gaseous ammonia and carbon dioxide, while keeping the zinc oxide particles in motion, until a critical stage is reached corresponding usually to a weight increase of 4 to 7.5%, at which point the reacting is terminated and the product is heated to constant weight at a temperature between 190.degree. and 350.degree. C. Photoconductive elements made with the panchromatically sensitive zinc oxide not only are reusable indefinitely under varying atmospheric humidity conditions without loss of their sensitivity, but also exhibit a memory effect much lower than that of known photoconductive zinc oxides.