Abstract: Multi-layered electrophotographic imaging member having a composite photoconductive insulating film wherein one layer of said film comprises a photoconductive material capable of substantial spectral response in the visible region of the electromagnetic spectrum, and a second layer of an electronically active insulating polymeric material, contiguous with said photoconductive layer, which is transparent, capable of facile transport of electrons which are injected into it upon photoexcitation of the contiguous photoconductive layer and yet incapable of substantial spectral response within the wavelength of primary photoresponse of the contiguous photoconductive layer.

Abstract: Disclosed is a novel overcoating material for electrostatographic photoreceptors. The composition comprises an organic, crosslinkable, polymeric composition having dispersed therein a particulate, wax-like, normally solid, low molecular weight tetrafluoroethylene telomer. Application of the composition to an electrostatographic photoreceptor to form a thin uniform layer results in improvement in copy quality and reduction in surface friction of the device. When the photoreceptor employs a selenium/arsenic alloy as the photoconductor, print deletions normally associated with the photoconductor are eliminated.

Abstract: A novel photosensitive member is disclosed which is suitable for the formation of images on the exterior surfaces of structures such as buildings and ships which comprises a combination of a substrate member and photosensitive layer with both opaque and adhesive layers to provide for attachment of the member to the surface of the structure as well as the imaging thereof under outdoor conditions.

Abstract: A photosensitive layer comprises (a) at least one heterocyclic photochromic spiropyrane which can exist in a closed or open structure, the closed structure being converted to the open structure on irradiation with ultra-violet light, and the open structure being reconverted to the closed structure on irradiation with visible light, (b) at least one ortho-substituted nitrogen-containing thioether, and (c) at least one reagent capable of developing a latent image produced in the layer. In use of the layer, it is exposed to ultra-violet or visible light, and after exposure the layer is heated to cause conversion of the thioether to a thione at those areas of the layer in which spiropyrane in the open form is present: the spiropyrane in the open form catalyzing the conversion of thioether to thione and thereby amplifying the latent image produced on irradiation of the layer. The thione produced then reacts with the developing reagent to form a visible image.

Abstract: A conversion solution for zinc oxide coated electrophotographic master printing plates is provided containing triethylenetetramine or ethylenediamine which replaces the normally used ferrocyanide in conventional EP master conversions solutions.

Abstract: Prior to conversion of an offset master imaged by electrostatic technique to render the non-imaged portions of the imaged master ink repellent and water receptive, the surface is pre-wet with an organic solvent system which leaves residual solvent on the surface at the time of conversion.

Abstract: Disclosed is an improved electrostatographic photoreceptor comprising a conductive substrate covered with an insulating photoconductive material having an organic overcoating on its surface. The overcoating material is a crosslinkable polymeric composition comprised of a first polymer which is the addition polymerization product of methyl methacrylate, n-butylacrylate and acrylic or methacrylic acid and a second polymer which is the addition polymerization product of styrene and maleic anhydride.

Abstract: Disclosed is an improved process for the preparation of an electrostatographic photoreceptor which comprises:A. preparing a free-standing film of an unoriented, organic, active transport material by solvent coating the material onto a non-adherent base and removing at least part of the solvent;B. detaching the film from the base;C. annealing the film above its glass transition temperature to provide a film free of strains;D. vapor depositing a film of a photoconductive material onto the organic film; andE. attaching the film of photoconductive material at its exposed surface to a conductive substrate with an adhesive material.

Abstract: An electrophotographic method comprising image-wise exposing the surface of a support having thereon (a) first photoconductive powders either positively or negatively electrically charged and (b) electroconductive powders having a surface resistivity of 10.sup.10 .OMEGA.sq or less or second photoconductive powders charged in a reverse polarity to that of the first photoconductive powders to form an electrostatic latent image, and then removing either the imagewise exposed or unexposed portion of the powders to form an image.

Abstract: An electrostatic recording element suitable for use as a receiving sheet in an electrostatic transfer process, consisting essentially of: a translucent, non-conductive base selected from the group consisting of paper, a polyester film, and a polyvinyl fluoride film; a photoconductive layer on the surface of said base comprising a photoconductive zinc oxide and a dye sensitizer suspended in an insulating resin binder selected from the group consisting of a vinyl acetate - crotonic acid copolymer and epoxy esters; and a dielectric polymer resin film overlying said photoconductive layer selected from the group consisting of polyvinyl acetate, vinyl acetate - crotonic acid copolymer, and acrylonitrile - styrene copolymer.

Abstract: Laminated flexible photoreceptors exemplified by a core or base, a resilient elastomer layer covering the core or base, a shrunk resin film in compressive external contact with the elastomer layer, a charge conductive layer applied to the resin film and a photoconductive layer in blocking contact with the charge conductive layer. The photoreceptors are of generally improved quality producing fewer streaks or spots and with less charge migration in uniform solid areas.

Abstract: A migration imaging system having a migration imaging member with a binder layer of softenable material wherein a mixture of electrically photosensitive and inert fusible particles is dispersed and an imaging process wherein the fusible particles are fused thereby fixing the migrated image of the two types of particles. The imaged member is used as a lithographic printing master.

Abstract: An imaging member comprising an overlayer of material preferably photosensitive, on a softenable, electrostatically deformable layer is imaged by frost or relief wrinkling the deformable layer. In a preferred mode, where the overlayer is photosensitive, wrinkling is caused by uniformly electrostatically charging the member, exposing said member to an imagewise pattern of radiation actinic to said overlayer of photosensitive material and softening the softenable, electrostatically deformable layer to cause it to wrinkle thereby effecting the overlayer in a variety of ways to produce a variety of imaged members.

Abstract: New "duplo" quinoline compounds useful as photoconductors and having the formula: ##SPC1##Wherein:Z represents the atoms necessary to close an adjacent aromatic ring,R' represents a lower alkyl radical, andX represents an alkylene group or an alkylene group interrupted by a bivalent aromatic group.

Abstract: Material from a layer of migration material spaced apart from at least one surface of, but contacting a softenable layer is caused to imagewise selectively migrate to at least locations in depth in the softenable layer, by (A) subjecting said migration material to an imagewise migration force and changing the resistance of said softenable layer, to migration of migration material or by (B) subjecting said migration material to a migration force and imagewise changing the resistance of said softenable layer to migration of migration material.

Abstract: An imaging system wherein an imaging member comprising a layer of softenable substantially electrically insulating material containing a dispersion of randomly oriented electrically photosensitive orientation particles is imaged by: (A) applying a uniform electric field across said member, (B) imagewise exposing said member to activating electromagnetic radiation, and (C) developing said member by decreasing the resistance of said softenable layer to reorientation of said orientation particles sufficiently to allow imagewise reorientation of said orientation particles.

Abstract: A lithographic printing plate is produced by the steps of forming a latent electrostatic image on a photoconductive zinc oxide insulating layer and developing this layer with a toner which forms an imagewise deposit on the recording layer. Applicants' invention relates to contacting the portions of the recording layer which are not covered with the hydrophobic deposit with a hydrophilizing composition (commonly called a conversion wash) comprising the reaction product of (1) phosphoric acid or one of the anions derived from such acid, (2) an organic amine compound, and (3) a hydrophilic metal cation, to form a reaction product with zinc ions from the zinc oxide which reaction product of zinc ions with said composition is substantially insoluble in said composition and is preferentially wetted by water thereby repelling lithographic inks. The plate produced by this process is especially useful for use on a lithographic offset press to produce multiple copies of an original.

Abstract: A photosensitive material comprising a conductive support provided with a photoconductive layer and a protective layer, wherein the protective layer contains an organic aluminum compound.

Abstract: Images are formed with imaging members comprising one or more migration layers and a softenable layer which may be a circulation layer. An electrical latent image is created on the member with electrostatic charge having a density sufficient to cause migration of the marking material from the migration layer through the migration layer -- softenable layer interface and into the softenable layer. When the migration layer and softenable layer comprise materials sufficiently dissimilar so as to retard or prevent penetration, the softenable layer is a circulation layer, the circulation of which enables penetration of the interface by marking material. In a multiple migration layer member, the migrated marking particles have their relative positions inverted.

Abstract: A manifold member and method is disclosed wherein the imaging layer is activated by a thermo-activator which is incorporated integrally into the manifold imaging layer. The member also contains a dark charge injecting material. Upon heating, the thermo-activator activates the imaging layer for use in the manifold imaging process.

Abstract: A photoconductive layer having superior characteristics is made by steps of suspending uniformly photoconductive particles in a viscous solution by stirring, pouring the stirred mixture of the photoconductive particles, binder and solvent on a substrate which is put horizontally at a bottom of a container, precipitating the photoconductive particles on the surface of the substrate so as to form a wet photoconductive layer, removing the clear solution on the wet photoconductive layer, drying the wet photoconductive layer and baking the dried photoconductive layer.

Abstract: An electrostatic recording material having excellent recording characteristics is obtained by coating an electrically conductive substrate with a coating composition comprising an insulating polymer and pigment particles on which is adsorbed a fatty acid having at least five carbon atoms, ester or salt thereof, or resin acid or salt thereof.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive material having an electrophotosensitive layer comprising a finely divided inorganic photoconductive material, a sensitizing dye for the photoconductive material and a resinous binder on a support and to be subjected to bleaching treatment after the formation of a visible image to remove the coloration with the sensitizing dye from the electrophotosensitive layer with a solution containing an organic acid or an alkali metal hydroxide, which comprises the resinous binder being crosslinked with polyisocyanate to be rendered insoluble in an organic solvent.

Abstract: Disclosed is an improvement to a conventional electrostatographic photoreceptor comprised of a conductive substrate having a layer of a photoconductive material on its surface. The improvement involves a plurality of abrasion resistant particles embedded in the layer of photoconductive material so that generally hemispherical portions of the particles protrude to a height of from 0.5 to 5 microns above the surface of the photoreceptor. The improved photoreceptor is readily adaptable to cleaning by applying a flexible doctor blade to its surface and providing relative motion therebetween.

Abstract: An electrophotographic paper based on a flat surface bond type paper is given a photoconductive coating to one side of the paper and is cockled afterward. This "post" cockling process can be done on a suitable web roll during production of the coated electrophotographic stock, or an electrographic or electrophotographic copy sheet can be cockled or embossed after imaging, toning and fixing by a conventional electrophotographic apparatus.

Abstract: A recording material is described, which comprises a support of paper or of synthetic polymer and an electroconductive layer on at least one side of the support. The surface resistance of this electroconductive layer is not more than 10.sup.11 ohms per sq. at a relative humidity of 15%. The layer consists or includes a major proportion of a water-soluble polymer resulting from the amino alkylation of polyethyleneimine with an epoxy compound bearing a quaternary ammonium end group.The electroconductive layers may be used as antistatic layers in a photographic silver halide recording material. When covered with a photoconductive coating the electroconductive layer may be used in electrophotographic recording materials. When an insulating layer is applied on the electroconductive layer an electrographic recording material is formed.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member is produced by a method in which a photoconductive layer is provided on a base, a polymeric solventless-type liquid resin adhesive is placed between said photoconductive layer and an overlying insulating layer and, by applying pressure on said insulating layer to spread said resin, said insulating layer is secured closely to the photoconductive layer through said adhesive layer. Fine grains of photoconductive material may be dispersed in said adhesive to provide a second photoconductive layer.This invention relates to a method for producing an electrophotographic photosensitive member and further to a method for obtaining a novel photosensitive member by employing said method.

Abstract: Bicharge photoconductive zinc oxides useful in the production of photoprint papers providing good quality photoprints in both positive charge and reversal modes are prepared by heating photoconductive zinc oxide in air to a temperature of from about 100.degree.C. to about 500.degree.C. in the presence of iodine or an inorganic or organic iodide.

Abstract: There is disclosed a process of the manufacture of reprographic sheets for use in electrostatography and papers produced thereby. In this method a coating composition is applied to a substrate, generally paper, out of a solution of a mixture of mutually miscible organic liquids, one being a solvent for the polymer and the other a non-solvent for the polymer and removing the organic liquids with most of the solvent being removed before a significant amount of non-solvent is removed.

Abstract: An ion modulator of improved sensitivity and capable of producing copies of excellent quality is provided in the form of a conductive metal screen which is coated with a photoconductor or insulator and having a supplementary electrode forming an integral part thereof. The supplementary electrode functions to provide a positive or negative bias potential resulting in a larger transmission coefficient, better gray scale, improved light sensitivity, and the ability to operate in both positive and negative modes.

Abstract: An electro-photographic method and apparatus in which the photo-conductive material is on an optically transparent base, the voltage at each position on the photo-conductive material or on small areas of conductive material associated therewith being depended on the amount of light impinging on the photo-conductive layer through the transparent base and on a potential set up between an electrically conductive layer located between the base and the photo-conductive layer and on an element located on the other side of the photo-conductive layer, pigment being accepted in an amount depending on the variable voltage.

Abstract: A photosensitive member for electrophotographic use having a photosensitive binder layer comprising zinc oxide and titanium dioxide photoconductive particles blended in a ratio of about 50:50 to 80:20 by weight and homogeneously dispersed into a film forming insulating resin binder, the particles having an average size of about 0.05 micron to 1.0 micron and the zinc oxide and titanium dioxide particles diffusing in light sensitivity by a factor of more than about 1.2 based on a gray filtered mean daylight source.

Abstract: Photoconductive coating compositions for application to solid substrates which are to be utilized in electrophotographic operations are described; the resultant photoconductive coatings comprise a layer of photoconductive pigment particles bonded to themselves and to the solid substrate with a binder comprising a novel interpolymer, at least one of whose constituent monomers contains bromine. Novel bromine-containing monomers are also disclosed.

Abstract: Electrophotographical recording process wherein a pattern of increased conductivity is produced image-wise in a photoconductive insulating recording layer containing as essential photoconductive compound a photoconductive 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline. The photoconductive compound can be chemically and spectrally sensitized and charged either negatively or positively.

Abstract: Print contrast in zinc oxide-coated electrostatic copy paper is improved by the incorporation of small quantities of manganous chloride or manganous bromide.

Abstract: An electrophotographic sensitive member comprises of a flexible web having a photosensitive layer and provided with a longitudinally uni-directionally heat contractible insulating connector sheet of a predetermined length extending from one end thereof. In attaching the sensitive member over an endless support, the free end of the sensitive member is adhered to the free end of the connector sheet and the connector sheet is contracted to tightly embrace the member on the endless support upon the application of heat.