Abstract: A downhole composition includes a carrier fluid and at least one shape-changing nanoparticle. The shape-changing nanoparticle is configured to change shape upon exposure to elevated temperature for a period of time. A method of monitoring temperature in a reservoir is provided. The method includes introducing a temperature monitoring composition into the reservoir, the temperature monitoring composition including a carrier fluid and at least one shape-changing nanoparticle. Then, after a predetermined period, producing a produced fluid from the reservoir, collecting samples of the produced fluid, measuring an optical property of the shape-changing nanoparticle, and based on the measured property of the shape-changing nanoparticle, determining a temperature of at least a portion of the reservoir.

Abstract: A vehicle component includes a polymeric material, a first filler, and a second filler. The polymeric material can be present at a concentration of at least about 35% by weight of the vehicle component. The first filler can be a carbon-containing filler dispersed within the polymeric material. The carbon-containing filler can be present at a concentration of at least about 20% by weight of the vehicle component. The second filler includes a substrate and carbon nanotubes. The carbon nanotubes extend from a surface of the substrate.

Abstract: Described is a personal device and methods for measuring the concentration of an analyte in a sample of gas. The device and method may utilize a chemically selective sensor element with low power consumption integrated with circuitry that enables wireless communication between the sensor and any suitable electronic readout such as a smartphone, tablet, or computer. In preferred form, the sensor circuitry relies upon the quantum capacitance effect of graphene as a transduction mechanism. Also in preferred form, the device and method employ the functionalization of the graphene-based sensor to determine the concentration of ethanol in exhaled breath.

Abstract: Provided are a novel fullerene derivative which can adsorb quickly and efficiently an allergen which may cause a pollen allergy without releasing the allergen again, does not contain a metal or the like which may cause a harmful effect to a human body, and is easily applicable, impregnable, or chemically bondable onto surface of various materials: and a process for producing the same. The fullerene derivative is characterized in that a halogen group and many hydroxyl groups are bonded directly to a fullerene nucleus. In the case that the halogen group is chlorine, the fullerene derivative can be synthesized by a partial hydroxylation of a chlorinated fullerene or a partial chlorination of a hydroxylated fullerene.

Abstract: Disclosed is a single-walled carbon nanotube dispersion liquid containing a single-walled carbon nanotube, a fullerene and a solvent.

Abstract: Provided are a novel fullerene derivative which can adsorb quickly and efficiently an allergen which may cause a pollen allergy without releasing the allergen again, does not contain a metal or the like which may cause a harmful effect to a human body, and is easily applicable, impregnable, or chemically bondable onto surface of various materials; and a process for producing the same. The fullerene derivative is characterized in that a halogen group and many hydroxyl groups are bonded directly to a fullerene nucleus. In the case that the halogen group is chlorine, the fullerene derivative can be synthesized by a partial hydroxylation of a chlorinated fullerene or a partial chlorination of a hydroxylated fullerene.

Abstract: The present invention provides a photoelectric conversion device having at least a fullerene derivative as an electron acceptor and a compound as an electron donor between a pair of electrodes, wherein the fullerene derivative has 2 to 4 organic groups which each independently have 1 to 50 carbon atoms, and wherein when the fullerene derivative has two organic groups, these organic groups do not bind to each other to form a ring.

Abstract: A novel hydrogen absorption material is provided comprising a mixture of a lithium hydride with a fullerene. The subsequent reaction product provides for a hydrogen storage material which reversibly stores and releases hydrogen at temperatures of about 270° C.

Abstract: A light sensing device is disclosed. The light sensing device includes a first light sensor and a second light sensor. The first light sensor formed on a substrate includes a first metal oxide semiconductor layer for absorbing a first light having a first waveband. The second light sensor formed on the substrate includes a second metal oxide semiconductor layer and an organic light-sensitive layer on the second metal oxide semiconductor layer for absorbing a second light having a second waveband.

Abstract: Photovoltaic cells comprising an active layer comprising, as p-type material, conjugated polymers such as polythiophene and regioregular polythiophene, and as n-type material at least one fullerene derivative. The fullerene derivative can be C60, C70, or C84. The fullerene also can be functionalized with indene groups. Improved efficiency can be achieved.

Abstract: A conductive mesoporous carbon composite comprising conductive carbon nanoparticles contained within a mesoporous carbon matrix, wherein the conductive mesoporous carbon composite possesses at least a portion of mesopores having a pore size of at least 10 nm and up to 50 nm, and wherein the mesopores are either within the mesoporous carbon matrix, or are spacings delineated by surfaces of said conductive carbon nanoparticles when said conductive carbon nanoparticles are fused with each other, or both. Methods for producing the above-described composite, devices incorporating them (e.g., lithium batteries), and methods of using them, are also described.

Abstract: Photovoltaic cells comprising an active layer comprising, as p-type material, conjugated polymers such as polythiophene and regioregular polythiophene, and as n-type material at least one fullerene derivative. The fullerene derivative can be C60, C70, or C84. The fullerene also can be functionalized with indene groups. Improved efficiency can be achieved.

Abstract: A negative active material and a lithium battery are provided. The negative active material includes a composite core, and a coating layer formed on at least part of the composite core. The composite core includes a carbonaceous base and a metal/metalloid nanostructure disposed on the carbonaceous base. The coating layer includes a metal oxide coating layer and an amorphous carbonaceous coating layer.

Abstract: Disclosed in that a fullerene aggregate and a method for preparing the same, and the fullerene aggregate including a cube-shaped crystalline C70 non-solvent aggregate.

Abstract: An organic photovoltaic cell, containing a first electrode; a second electrode; and a photoelectric conversion layer between the first electrode and the second electrode, wherein the photoelectric conversion layer contains a polymer having a structural unit represented by formula (I): wherein X represents S, NR2, O, Se or Te; Y represents NR2, O, Te, SO, SO2 or CO; and R1 and R2 represent a hydrogen atom or a substituent.

Abstract: A photoelectric conversion element comprising: a photoelectric conversion layer; an electron extraction electrode; a hole extraction electrode; and an electron transport layer, wherein the electron transport layer contains a substance represented by the following chemical formula and a reactant thereof: M(X)a??(1) wherein M is selected from the group consisting of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, group 2B and 3B metals, and transition metals; X is selected from a halogen, a carboxylate group, an alkoxy group, an alkyl group, and an acetonate group represented by the following formula; and a is a positive integer determined in accordance with the valence of M: wherein R1 and R2 are selected from hydrogen, a C1-20 linear or branched alkyl group, and a C1-20 linear or branched alkoxy group, and R1 and R2 may or may not be the same as each other.

Abstract: A method of synthesis of a fulleride of metal nano-cluster is provided. The method is characterized in mechanically alloying metal nano-clusters with fullerene-type clusters. Fullerene molecules in the fulleride of metal nano-cluster are preserved. The alloying is done by milling in a planetary mill. A material including a fulleride of a metal nano-cluster is also provided.

Abstract: Disclosed is an organic photoelectric conversion element having high photoelectric conversion efficiency and high durability. Also disclosed are a solar cell and an optical sensor array, each using the organic photoelectric conversion element. The organic photoelectric conversion element comprises a bulk heterojunction layer wherein an n-type semiconductor material and a p-type semiconductor material are mixed. The organic photoelectric conversion element is characterized in that the n-type semiconductor material is a polymer compound and the p-type semiconductor material is a low-molecular-weight compound.

Abstract: Improved methods of fullerene derivative production including use of less solvent, or elimination of solvent, as well as use of shorter reaction times and higher reaction temperatures. Methods useful for production of bis-, tris-, tetra-, penta-, and hexa-fullerene derivatives. Indene is a preferred derivative. The derivatives used in active layers for solar cell applications.

Abstract: This invention concerns a polymer coating material composition (PCM) comprising as components a polymer matrix, carbon nanotubes (CNT) as optical power limiters (OPL), and carbon rich molecules. One aspect of the invention is where the Polymer Matrix is a hyperbranched polymer, such as a hyperbranched polycarbosiloxane polymer. Another aspect of the invention is where the CNT is a short multiwall carbon nanotube (sMWNT). A further aspect of the invention is where the carbon-rich molecules are triethoxysilyl anthracene derivatives. The composition wherein the ratio in weight percent of Polymer Matrix to CNT to carbon-rich molecule is from 94:3:3 to 99.8:0.1:0.1. The composition can further contain one or more of multi-photon absorbers (MPA) chromophores or reverse saturable absorbers (RSA) chromophores. These compositions can be used as: a) a film, b) a coating, c) a liquid, d) a solution, or e) a sandwiched film between two transparent substrates.

Abstract: This invention concerns a polymer coating material composition (PCM) comprising as components a Polymer Matrix, carbon nanotubes (CNT) as optical power limiters (OPL), and carbon-rich molecules. One aspect of the invention is where the Polymer Matrix is a hyperbranched polymer, such as a hyperbranched polycarbosiloxane polymer. Another aspect of the invention is where the CNT is a short multiwall carbon nanotube (sMWNT). A further aspect of the invention is where the carbon-rich molecules are triethoxysilyl anthracene derivatives. The composition wherein the ratio in weight percent of Polymer Matrix to CNT to carbon-rich molecule is from 94:3:3 to 99.8:0.1:0.1. The composition can further contain one or more of multi-photon absorbers (MPA) chromophores or reverse saturable absorbers (RSA) chromophores. These compositions can be used as: a) a film, b) a coating, c) a liquid, d) a solution, or e) a sandwiched film between two transparent substrates.

Abstract: Photovoltaic cells comprising an active layer comprising, as p-type material, conjugated polymers such as polythiophene and regioregular polythiophene, and as n-type material at least one fullerene derivative. The fullerene derivative can be C60, C70, or C84. The fullerene also can be functionalized with indene groups. Improved efficiency can be achieved.

Abstract: Disclosed are synthetic nanocarrier methods, and related compositions, comprising B cell and/or MHC Class II-restricted epitopes and immunosuppressants in order to generate tolerogenic immune responses, such as the generation of antigen-specific regulatory B cells.

Abstract: An organic solar cell includes a first sub-cell including a first active layer and a second sub-cell including a second active layer, wherein at least one of the first active layer and the second active layer includes at least two types of electron acceptors having different light absorbance from each other.

Abstract: The present application discloses novel endohedral fullerenes having enclosed therein one or more ozone molecules, e.g. fullerenes selected from C60-fullerene (Buckminsterfullerene), C70-fullerene, C76-fullerene, C78-fullerene, C82-fullerene, C84-fullerene, and C120-fullerene. The application further discloses a composition comprising the endohedral fullerene and a carrier material, e.g. where the carrier material is a skin lotion, such as a skin lotion comprising L-ascorbic acid or Vitamin E. Moreover, various uses of the novel fullerenes are disclosed, e.g. for skin UV-protection; in or on the surface of sun glasses; in or on the surface of window glass; in or on the surface of textiles, fabrics, clothes, wood, paint, paper, cushions, leather, hair-care products, and plants.

Abstract: A thin film chalcogenide photovoltaic device and method for forming the same are disclosed. The thin film chalcogenide photovoltaic device includes a first electrode, a second electrode and an active layer disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode, wherein the active layer includes a p-type chalcogenide semiconductor layer, an n-type inorganic semiconductor layer, and an n-type carbon-containing material layer formed between the p-type chalcogenide semiconductor layer and the n-type inorganic semiconductor layer.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compositions and methods of using free radical scavengers with reduced 1O2 generation. In certain embodiments, these compositions and methods of use relate to fullerene-derived ketolactams and fullerene-derived keto lactam derivatives, fullerene derivatives, and/or fullerenes. In yet other embodiments, the invention relates to cosmetic or dermatological compositions comprising said free radical scavengers with reduced 1O2 generation.

Abstract: The present invention provides a photoelectric conversion device having at least a fullerene derivative as an electron acceptor and a compound as an electron donor between a pair of electrodes, wherein the fullerene derivative has 2 to 4 organic groups which each independently have 1 to 50 carbon atoms, and wherein when the fullerene derivative has two organic groups, these organic groups do not bind to each other to form a ring.

Abstract: Polymer solar cells with enhanced efficiency utilize an active layer formed of a composite of polymer/fullerene and Fe3O4 nanoparticles. During the formation of the solar cell, the composite mixture is subjected to an external magnetic field that causes the nanoparticles to align their magnetic dipole moments along the direction of the magnetic field, so as to form a plurality of Fe3O4 nanochains. These nanochains serve to adjust the morphology and phase separation of the polymer/fullerene, and also serve to induce an internal electrical field by spin-polarization of the nanochains serve to increase the charge separation and charge transport processes in the solar cell, enhancing the short-current density (Jsc) and ultimately, the photoelectric converted efficiency (PCE) of the solar cell.

Abstract: Nanostructures are doped to set conductivity characteristics. In accordance with various example embodiments, nanostructures such as carbon nanotubes are doped with a halogenated fullerene type of dopant material. In some implementations, the dopant material is deposited from solution or by vapor deposition, and used to dope the nanotubes to increase the thermal and/or electrical conductivity of the nanotubes.

Abstract: The present invention relates to particles that are useful for enhancing hindered settling in suspensions. One embodiment of the present invention provides a method of providing a subterranean treatment fluid including a base fluid and a weighting agent having a first average settling velocity; and a neutral-density particle; and mixing the subterranean treatment fluid with the neutral-density particle thereby reducing the weighting agent to a second average settling velocity.

Abstract: In certain examples, a porous silica-based matrix may be formed. In an exemplary embodiment, using sol gel methods, a coating solution of or including metal alkoxides such as TEOS and carbon-based structures such as fullerene structures may be used to form a layer(s) of or including silica and fullerene compounds in a solid matrix on (directly or indirectly) a glass substrate. The coated article may be heat treated (e.g., thermally tempered), which may cause the carbon-based fullerene structures to combust, resulting in a porous silica-based matrix. The layer of the porous silica-based matrix may be used as a broadband anti-reflective coating.

Abstract: A conductive mesoporous carbon composite comprising conductive carbon nanoparticles contained within a mesoporous carbon matrix, wherein the conductive mesoporous carbon composite possesses at least a portion of mesopores having a pore size of at least 10 nm and up to 50 nm, and wherein the mesopores are either within the mesoporous carbon matrix, or are spacings delineated by surfaces of said conductive carbon nanoparticles when said conductive carbon nanoparticles are fused with each other, or both. Methods for producing the above-described composite, devices incorporating them (e.g., lithium batteries), and methods of using them, are also described.

Abstract: Improved mechanical properties of either clay or carbon nanotube (CNT)-reinforced polymer matrix nanocomposites are obtained by pre-treating nanoparticles and polymer pellets prior to a melt compounding process. The clay or CNTs are coated onto the surfaces of the polymer pellets by a milling process. The introduction of moisture into the mixture of the nanoparticles and the polymer pellets results in the nanoparticles more easily, firmly, and thoroughly coating onto the surfaces of the polymer pellets.

Abstract: A composite material for electromagnetic interference shielding is provided. The composite material comprises a stack including at least two electrically conductive nanoscale fiber films, which are spaced apart from one another by at least one insulating gap positioned between the at least two nanoscale fiber films. The stack is effective to provide a substantial multiple internal reflection effect.

Abstract: When C60 was added to synovial fibroblasts, infiltrating lymphocytes, and macrophages, and the inflammatory cytokine production level was measured, the inflammatory cytokine production level was significantly suppressed in all cells. Furthermore, when C60 was added to osteoclast precursor cells and cultured in the presence of osteoclast differentiation-inducing factors, a certain concentration or more of C60 suppressed their differentiation into osteoclasts. Observation of the effect of C60 addition on bone resorption showed that C60 suppressed bone resorption by osteoclasts. In addition, the use of arthritis model animals confirmed in vivo that C60 suppressed inflammatory symptoms, as well as bone resorption and bone destruction by osteoclasts. C60 is effective for treating arthritic diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis through its effects of suppressing osteoclast differentiation, bone resorption, and inflammatory cytokines.

Abstract: All-carbon-based semiconductor devices are provided. In accordance with an example embodiment, an apparatus includes n-type and p-type carbon-based semiconductor material that form a p-n junction, which are respectively coupled to electrodes having a carbon allotrope. A first one of electrodes is connected to the n-type material and a second one of the electrodes is connected to the p-type material, and collect charge presented at the p-n junction.

Abstract: Fullerene inhibited the decrease in cell proliferation ability of chondrocytes which is observed when cultured chondrocytes are treated with a cartilage degenerating factor (IL-1? or H2O2). Fullerene inhibited production of cartilage matrix-degrading enzymes (matrix metalloprotease (MMP)-1, 3 and 13) which is induced in cultured chondrocytes by cartilage degenerating factors. Fullerene restored the decrease in cartilage matrix (proteoglycan) synthesizing ability which is observed in treating cultured chondrocytes with cartilage degenerating factors. In an analysis using an osteoarthritis rabbit model, the progress of cartilage degeneration was reduced by administering fullerene. Moreover, the dynamic friction coefficient was decreased by adding fullerene to synovial fluid.

Abstract: Disclosed are antigen-specific induced tolerogenic dendritic cells (itDCs) that are produced from combining itDCs with antigen in particulate form, as well as related compositions and methods.

Abstract: A donor-acceptor (DA) ?-conjugated polymer with high charge transfer mobility has a plurality of D1kAD1k portions, where k is 1 or 2, D1 is a donor unit having at least one solubilizing side chain, and A is an acceptor unit, and the donor-acceptor (DA) ?-conjugated polymer has a plurality of D2m spacer sequences situated between the D1kAD1k portions, where m is 1 to 6 and D2 is a second donor unit where all atoms of the unit are coplanar in at least one conformation that the unit can assume. The DA ?-conjugated polymer can reflect a blue tinted green, deep green, or yellow tinted green color. The DA ?-conjugated polymers have space-charge limited (SCL) zero field hole mobilities of at least 1×10?6 cm2V?1s?1.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods for generating humoral and cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) immune responses in a subject and related compositions.

Abstract: Optoelectronic devices and thin-film semiconductor compositions and methods for making same are disclosed. The methods provide for the synthesis of the disclosed composition. The thin-film semiconductor compositions disclosed herein have a unique configuration that exhibits efficient photo-induced charge transfer and high transparency to visible light.

Abstract: A solid mixture of fullerene and titanium hydride, a method of its formation, and a method of its use to rapidly produce a gaseous mixture of molecular hydrogen and fullerene on demand. The solid mixture may be resistively heated by discharge of a high power electrical current from a capacitor bank through the mixture to produce the mixture of hydrogen and fullerene within a few tens of microseconds. The resulting gaseous mixture of hydrogen and fullerene may be ionized and accelerated for the purpose of mitigating electromagnetic disruptions in a magnetically confined plasma.

Abstract: An anti-hepatitis C virus agent or anti-HIV agent comprising, as an active ingredient, a fullerene derivative which has a nitrogen atom forming a ring together with adjacent bonded carbon atom pairs constituting the carbon cluster skeleton of the fullerene or a quaternary amine salt thereof is provided.

Abstract: Disclosed are synthetic nanocarrier compositions, and related methods, comprising CD1d-restricted antigens and immunosuppressants that provide tolerogenic immune responses.

Abstract: Disclosed are synthetic nanocarrier methods, and related compositions, comprising administering B cell and/or MHC Class II-restricted epitopes of an antigen and immunosuppressants in order to reduce antigen-specific activation of innate immune cells.

Abstract: Disclosed are synthetic nanocarrier compositions, and related methods, comprising MHC Class I-restricted and/or MHC Class II-restricted epitopes associated with undesired CD8+ T cell responses and immunosuppressants that provide tolerogenic immune responses against antigens that comprise the epitopes.

Abstract: Disclosed are synthetic nanocarrier methods, and related compositions, comprising B cell and/or MHC Class II-restricted epitopes and immunosuppressants in order to generate tolerogenic immune responses, such as the generation of antigen-specific regulatory B cells.

Abstract: Disclosed are synthetic nanocarrier methods, and related compositions, comprising administering MHC Class I-restricted and/or MHC Class II-restricted epitopes of an antigen and immunosuppressants in order to generate tolerogenic immune responses against the antigen, such as the generation of antigen-specific CD8+ regulatory T cells.

Abstract: This invention relates, at least in part, to compositions comprising synthetic nanocarriers and immunosuppressants that result in immune suppressive effects. Such compositions can further comprise antigen and provide antigen-specific tolerogenic immune responses.