Abstract: Disclosed are nanocomposite-based biosensors. The biosensors include an electrode, a nanocomposite over the surface of the electrode, the nanocomposite comprising a population of carbon nanotubes and a population of magnetic nanoparticles dispersed in the population of carbon nanotubes, wherein the magnetic nanoparticles comprise a ferromagnetic metal or compound thereof, and one or more biomolecules over the surface of the electrode, wherein the biomolecules are capable of undergoing a redox reaction with a target molecule. Also disclosed are nanocomposites, modified electrodes, kits, and methods for using the biosensors.

Abstract: The present invention answers the demands of power generating device and biosensor development and provides a flexible, free-standing type protein containing carbon nanotube film, and a sensor and power generating device each equipped with the carbon nanotube film as an electrode. According to the present invention a carbon nanotube free standing film is provided including a carbon nanotube aggregate formed by aggregating a plurality of carbon nanotubes, and a plurality of enzymes included between the plurality of carbon nanotubes. The carbon nanotube film may include a different protein to the enzyme and may include a surfactant agent between the plurality of carbon nanotubes.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a biomemory device, comprising (a) a substrate; and (b) a heterolayer comprising a protein having a redox potential and an inorganic particle; wherein the heterolayer is immobilized on the substrate. By applying inorganic particles, the present invention provides a biomemory device capable of enhancing low current signals detected electron transfer between biomolecules and substrates up to at least five (5) times greater signals. The present invention is capable of controlling the redox states with help of redox potentials of proteins depending on applied potential. The present invention provides a new-concept biomemory device as an information storage device based on the principle of electron transfer of a naturally occurring biomolecule.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure provides for nanozymes, methods of making nanozymes, methods of using nanozymes, and the like.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are cellular compositions, stable continuous cell cultures, reporter cell lines, pharmaceutical preparations, cell penetrable pluripotent stem cells transcription factors and methods related thereto, related to reprogrammed somatic cells.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of detecting even a very small amount of a target substance by mixing a linker and a spacer at a suitable ratio and immobilizing the mixture on the surface of carbon nanotubes in a carbon nanotube-based biosensor. This method detects a specific substance at the level of femtomoles and lowers the detection limit of conventional carbon nanotube transistor sensors. Accordingly, the method detects even a very small amount of a target substance, and thus the carbon nanotube-based biosensor is a highly useful sensor which can be used either as a medical sensor for diagnosing diseases or as an environmental sensor.

Abstract: The invention relates to decontaminating composites, and methods, compositions, and kits comprising the same. In some aspects, the invention relates to a decontaminating composite, comprising a perhydrolase associated with a carbon nanotube, that is useful for producing peracids.

Abstract: A carbon nanohorn (CNH) is oxidized to make an opening in the side of the CNH. A substance to be included, e.g., a metal, is introduced through the opening. The inclusion substance is moved to a tip part of the carbon nanohorn through heat treatment in vacuum or an inert gas. The CNH is further heat treated in an atmosphere containing oxygen in a low concentration to remove the carbon layer in the tip through catalysis of the inclusion substance. This exposes the inclusion substance. If the inclusion substance is a metal which is not moved to a tip part by the heat treatment in vacuum or an inert gas, the carbon part surrounding the fine catalyst particle is specifically burned by a heat treatment in an low oxygen concentration atmosphere, while utilizing the catalysis. Thus, the fine catalyst particle is fixed to the tip part of the CNH.

Abstract: A high-sensitivity field effect transistor using as a channel ultrafine fiber elements such as carbon nanotube, and a biosensor using it. The field effect transistor comprises a substrate, a source electrode and a drain electrode arranged on the substrate, a channel for electrically connecting the source electrode with the drain electrode, and a gate electrode causing polarization due to the movement of free electrons in the substrate. For example, the substrate has a support substrate consisting of semiconductor or metal, a first insulating film formed on a first surface of the support substrate, and a second insulating film formed on a second surface of the support substrate, the source electrode, the drain electrode, and the channel arranged on the first insulating film, the gate electrode disposed on the second insulating film.

Abstract: A method of forming a nanowire and a semiconductor device comprising the nanowire are provided. The method of forming a nanowire includes forming a patterned SiyGe1-y layer (where, y is a real number that satisfies 0?y<1) on a base layer, and forming a first oxide layer and at least one nanowire within the first oxide layer by performing a first oxidation process on the patterned SiyGe1-y layer.

Abstract: The present invention pertains to nanoparticles, comprising a metal and/or polymer core, with 7-alpha hydroxylase, or an enzymatically active fragment thereof, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) and antibodies, or antibody fragments, specific for low density lipoprotein (LDL), attached to the core. The invention also concerns methods for reducing LDL cholesterol in a human or animal subject by administering nanoparticles of the invention. In a preferred embodiment, both circulating LDL and plasma cholesterol levels are reduced in the subject.

Abstract: The present invention is related to a biochip and a biomolecular detection system using the same. In particular, the biomolecular detection system is capable of detecting biological molecules (biomolecules) such as DNA or protein at a high speed. The biochip comprises a supporting structure, conductive materials aligned vertically on, and associated with, the supporting structure, and biomolecule probes operably linked to the conductive materials. The biomolecular detection system using the biochip may precisely detect biomolecules as well as the density of the biomolecules.

Abstract: Conductive carbon nanotubes (CNTs) obtained by dotting carboxylated CNTs with metal nanocrystals by chemical functional groups, are described, as well as a method for fabricating a pattern or film of the conductive CNTs which involves repeatedly depositing conductive CNTs on a substrate to achieve high surface density. A biosensor is described, in which bioreceptors that bind to target biomolecules are selectively attached to conductive CNTs or a conductive CNT pattern or film. By use of the conductive biosensor, various target biomaterials that bind or react with the bioreceptors can be precisely measured directly or by electrochemical signals at large amounts in one step. Additionally, the biosensor can be used for an electrical detection method capable of providing precise measurement results even with a small amount of source material.

Abstract: A nanoengineered membrane for controlling material transport (e.g., molecular transport) is disclosed. The membrane includes a substrate, a cover defining a material transport channel between the substrate and the cover, and a plurality of fibers positioned in the channel and connected to and extending away from a surface of the substrate. The fibers are aligned perpendicular to the surface of the substrate, and have a width of 100 nanometers or less. The diffusion limits for material transport are controlled by the separation of the fibers. In one embodiment, chemical derivatization of carbon fibers may be undertaken to further affect the diffusion limits or affect selective permeability or facilitated transport. For example, a coating can be applied to at least a portion of the fibers. In another embodiment, individually addressable carbon nanofibers can be integrated with the membrane to provide an electrical driving force for material transport.

Abstract: Disclosed is a composition and method for fabricating novel hybrid materials comprised of, e.g., carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and crosslinked enzyme clusters (CECs). In one method, enzyme-CNT hybrids are prepared by precipitation of enzymes which are subsequently crosslinked, yielding crosslinked enzyme clusters (CECs) on the surface of the CNTs. The CEC-enzyme-CNT hybrids exhibit high activity per unit area or mass as well as improved enzyme stability and longevity over hybrid materials known in the art. The CECs in the disclosed materials permit multilayer biocatalytic coatings to be applied to surfaces providing hybrid materials suitable for use in, e.g., biocatalytic applications and devices as described herein.

Abstract: The present invention relates to microelectode arrays (MEAs), and more particularly to carbon nanotube nanoelectrode arrays (CNT-NEAs) for chemical and biological sensing, and methods of use.

Abstract: Biofunctional nanoprobes are disclosed having nanoscale dimensions enabling the non-destructive penetration of lipid membranes. They are functionalized to perform a bio-chemical process using bio-compatible, porous coating in which enzymes are structurally constrained.