Abstract: A method of making nanocrystals involves adding a chalocogen source to a hot solution of a metal-containing non-organometallic compound, such as CdO, in a first ligand solvent, such as TOP, and preferably subsequently cooling the resulting mixture to a lower temperature to grow the nanocrystals at said lower temperature. The method can involve either one ligand or two-ligand systems.

Abstract: Polycrystalline cerium oxide powder in the form of aggregates of primary particles with a specific surface of between 70 and 150 m2/g, an average primary particle diameter of between 5 and 20 nm and an average, projected aggregate diameter of between 20 and 100 nm. It is produced in that an aerosol is reacted in a flame obtained from a hydrogen-containing combustible gas and primary air and the solid obtained is then separated from the gaseous substances.

Abstract: Disclosed are metal chalcogenide nanocomposites made of guest metal chalcogenide precursors and host metal oxide sols made by mixing at least one metal alkoxide, at least one organosilane, at least one boron oxide compound, and a liquid, and chalcogenizing the mixture. Also disclosed are dielectric nano-composites containing a dielectric material such as a polymer and the metal chalcogenide nanocomposites.

Abstract: A novel NPBL and ANPL light emitting semiconductor device and a method for fabricating the same are provided. In the present invention, plural nano-particles are applied in the active layer of the light emitting semiconductor device, so that the leakage current thereof is reduced. In addition, the provided light emitting semiconductor device fabricated via a planar technology process is microscopically planar, but not planar at micro- and nano-scale. Hence the parasitic wave guiding effect, which suppresses the light extraction efficiency of the light emitting semiconductor device, is destroyed thereby.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods for synthesis of IV–VI nanostructures, and thermoelectric compositions formed of such structures. In one aspect, the method includes forming a solution of a Group IV reagent, a Group VI reagent and a surfactant. A reducing agent can be added to the solution, and the resultant solution can be maintained at an elevated temperature, e.g., in a range of about 20° C. to about 360° C., for a duration sufficient for generating nanoparticles as binary alloys of the IV–VI elements.

Abstract: The present invention provides nanoprisms etched to generate triangular framework structures. These triangular nanoframes possess no strong surface plasmon bands in the ultraviolet or visible regions of the optical spectrum. By adding a mild reducing agent, metal ions remaining in solution can be reduced, resulting in metal plating and reformation of nanoprisms. The extent of the backfilling process can be controlled, allowing the formation of novel nanoprisms with nanopores. This back-filling process is accompanied by a regeneration of the surface plasmon bands in the UV-visible spectrum.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a process for producing nano-powders and powders of nano-particle loose aggregate, which includes: (a) providing at least two reactant solutions A and B capable of rapidly reacting to form deposits; (b) supplying the at least two reactant solutions A and B at least at the reaction temperature into a mixing and reaction precipitator respectively, in which mixing reaction and precipitation are continuously carried out in sequence, the mixing and reaction precipitator being selected from at least one of a tubular ejection mixing reactor, a tubular static mixing reactor and an atomization mixing reactor; and (c) treating the deposit-containing slurry continuously discharged from the mixing reaction precipitator.

Abstract: The present invention relates composite core/shell nanoparticles and a two-step method for their preparation. The present invention further relates to biomolecule-core/shell nanoparticle conjugates and methods for their preparation. The invention also relates to methods of detection of biomolecules comprising the biomolecule or specific binding substance-core/shell nanoparticle conjugates.

Abstract: A method for making a nanocrystal-based material capable of emitting light over a sufficiently broad spectral range to appear white. Surface-modifying ligands are used to shift and broaden the emission of semiconductor nanocrystals to produce nanoparticle-based materials that emit white light.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for preparing fine metal oxide particles, comprising the following steps of reacting a reactant mixture comprising i) water, ii) at least one water-soluble metal nitrate and iii) ammonia or ammonium salt at 250–700° C. under 180–550 bar for 0.01 sec to 10 min in a reaction zone to synthesize the metal oxide particles, the metal nitrate being contained at an amount of 0.01–20 wt % in the reactant mixture; and separating and recovering the metal oxide particles from the resulting reaction products. According to the present invention, nano-sized metal oxide particles are synthesized, while the harmful by-products generated concurrently therewith are effectively decomposed in the same reactor.

Abstract: Nanoparticles comprising titanium, such as nanoscale doped titanium metal compounds, inorganic titanium compounds, and organic titanium compounds, their methods of manufacture, and methods of preparation of products from nanoparticles comprising titanium are provided.

Abstract: A method of preparing metal chalcogenide particles. The method comprising the step of reacting an amine and metal complex precursors. The metal complex precursors comprising a chalcogenide and an electrophilic group. The reaction forming metal chalcogenide particles substantially free of the electrophilic group.

Abstract: A particulate fluorescent conjugated polymer surfactant complex and method of making and using same. The particles are between about 15 and about 50 nm and when formed from a lipsome surfactant have a charge density similar to DNA and are strongly absorbed by cancer cells.

Abstract: Rare earth compositions comprising nanoparticles, methods of making nanoparticles, and methods of using nanoparticles are described. The compositions of the nanomaterials discussed may include scandium (Sc), yttrium (Y), lanthanum (La), cerium (Ce), praseodymium (Pr), neodymium (Nd), promethium (Pm), samarium (Sm), europium (Eu), gadolinium (Gd), terbium (Tb), dysprosium (Dy), holmium (Ho), erbium (Er), thulium (Tm), ytterbium (Yb), and lutetium (Lu). The nanoparticles can be used to make organometallics, nitrates, and hydroxides. The nanoparticles can be used in a variety of applications, such as pigments, catalysts, polishing agents, coatings, electroceramics, catalysts, optics, phosphors, and detectors.

Abstract: The present invention is a method of increasing particle surface area and decreasing the concentration of over-sized particles in a process for making metal oxide particles, particularly nanoparticle TiO2, in an inlet-fed, plug flow, plasma reactor by vapor phase reaction of titanium tetrachloride and oxygen in the presence of a source of hydrogen to form titanium dioxide particles.

Abstract: Silicon nanocrystals with chemically accessible surfaces are produced in solution in high yield. Silicon tetrahalide such as silicon tetrachloride (SiCl4) can be reduced in organic solvents, such as 1,2-dimethoxyethane(glyme), with soluble reducing agents, such as sodium naphthalenide, to give halide-terminated (e.g., chloride-terminated) silicon nanocrystals, which can then be easily functionalized with alkyl lithium, Grignard or other reagents to give easily processed silicon nanocrystals with an air and moisture stable surface. The synthesis can be used to prepare alkyl-terminated nanocrystals at ambient temperature and pressure in high yield. The two-step process allows a wide range of surface functionality.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a process for producing nanometer powders, comprising the following steps: (a) providing reactant solution A and reactant solution B that can rapidly react to form precipitate; (b) continuously adding said solution A and solution B into a mixing and reacting precipitator with a stator and a rotor in operation, respectively; and (c) post-treating the precipitate-containing slurry discharged continuously from the mixing and reacting precipitator. The present process could produce nanometer powders with adjustable particle size, good homogeneity in size and good dispersity. The method also has the characteristics of high production yield, simplicity in process and low consumption of energy. It could be applied to produce various nanometer powders of metals, oxides, hydroxides, salts, phosphides and sulfides as well as organic compounds.

Abstract: A high temperature non-aqueous synthetic procedure for the preparation of substantially monodisperse IV-VI semiconductor nanoparticles is provided. The procedure includes introducing a first precursor selected from the group consisting of a molecular precursor of a Group IV element and a molecular precursor of a Group VI element into a reaction vessel that comprises at least an organic solvent to form a mixture. Next, the mixture is heated and thereafter a second precursor of a molecular precursor of a Group IV element or a molecular precursor of a Group VI element that is different from the first is added. The reaction mixture is then mixed to initiate nucleation of IV-VI nanocrystals and the temperature of the reaction mixture is controlled to provide nanoparticles having a diameter of about 20 nm or less.

Abstract: Titanium dioxide nanopowder is produced by a process, comprising: (a) reacting titanium tetrachloride and an oxygen containing gas in the vapor phase in a flame reactor, at a flame temperature of at least about 800° C. in the presence of (i) water vapor in an amount ranging from about 1000 to about 50,000 parts per million, based on the weight of titanium dioxide under production, (ii) a diluent gas in an amount greater than about 100 mole percent based on the titanium tetrachloride and oxygen containing gas and (iii) a nucleant consisting essentially of a cesium substance wherein the cesium substance is present in an amount ranging from about 10 to about 5000 parts per million, based on the weight of the titanium dioxide under production, the pressure of reaction being sufficient to form titanium dioxide nanopowder.

Abstract: One aspect of the present invention relates to magnetic nanoparticles colloidally stabilized in aqueous milieu by association with an organic phase. The organic phase may be either a fluorinated polymer or an organic hydrocarbon bilayer, wherein the two layers are chemically bonded to each other. The stabilized particles are further non-toxic and provide useful enhancements in bioprocesses. Another aspect of the present invention relates to compositions comprising an oxygen-dissolving fluid vehicle and surface modified, nanometer-sized magnetic particles. The inventive compositions have utility in a wide range of applications, but are particularly suitable for use as recyclable oxygen carriers, separation and purification vehicles, and bioprocessing media, including fermentation processes.

Abstract: Zinc-oxide nanostructures are formed by forming a pattern on a surface of a substrate. A catalyst metal, such as nickel, is formed on the surface of the substrate. Growth of at least one zinc oxide nanostructure is induced on the catalyst metal substantially over the pattern on the surface of the substrate based on a vapor-liquid-solid technique. In one exemplary embodiment, inducing the growth of at least one zinc-oxide nanostructure induces growth of each zinc-oxide nanostructure substantially over a patterned polysilicon layer. In another exemplary embodiment, when growth of at least one zinc-oxide nanostructure is induced, each zinc-oxide nanostructure grows substantially over an etched silicon substrate layer.

Abstract: A colloidal solution and/or nanocomposite having enhanced energy transfer between thermal, electron, phonons, and photons energy states. The composition comprises a synergistic blend of electrides and alkalides within a medium that effectively alters the mean free path. The composition is optionally further enhanced through externally generated fields and made into energy conversion devices.

Abstract: An inorganic compound sol comprises a dispersion medium and, dispersed therein, inorganic compound particulates whose surface has been modified by an organic compound exhibiting a molecular polarizability of from 2×10?40 to 850×10?40C2m2J?2. The inorganic compound sol modified by an organic compound possesses a desirable affinity with the dispersion media, providing excellent dispersion stability in solvents while avoiding aggregation of particulates.

Abstract: A quantum supercapacitor having nanostrucutured material located between electrodes. The material includes clusters with tunnel-transparent gaps. The clusters have sizes within the range of 7.2517 nm?r?29.0068 nm, at which the resonant characteristics of the electron are exhibited. The size is determined by the circular radius of the electronic wave according to the formula r0=/(me?2c)=7.2517 nm (Plank constant , electron mass me, fine structure constant ?=1/137,036, speed of light c). The cluster size is set within the range r0?4r0; the width of the tunnel-transparent gap being ?r0=7.2517 nm. The energy in the supercapacitor is stored by means of controlled breakthrough of the material—a dielectric, with subsequent restoring thereof. The energy is stored uniformly along the whole volume of the material due to the resonant coupling of the electrons on the cluster. The maximum stored specific energy stored is 1.66 MJ/kg.

Abstract: Provided is a method of manufacturing a nano scale semiconductor device, such as a nano scale P-N junction device or a CMOS using nano particles without using a mask or a fine pattern. The method includes dispersing uniformly a plurality of nano particles on a semiconductor substrate, forming an insulating layer covering the nano particles on the semiconductor substrate, partly removing the upper surfaces of the nano particles and the insulating layer, selectively removing the nano particles from the insulating layer, and partly forming doped semiconductor layers in the semiconductor substrate by partly doping the semiconductor substrate through spaces formed by removing the nano particles.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a colloidal dispersion of amine-terminated silica particles having a narrowly controlled size range in an aqueous phase for use in diagnostic imaging, drug delivery and gene therapy, as well as methods for preparing surface-modified silica particles suitable for use in an aqueous colloidal carrier medium, for preparing a diagnostic or therapeutic agent for targeted delivery to specific anatomical structures of a patient, and for performing a diagnostic or therapeutic procedure by administration to a patient of at least one diagnostic or therapeutic agent coupled with a colloidal dispersion.

Abstract: A hydrogen gas sensor and/or switch fabricated from arrays nanowires composed of metal or metal alloys that have stable metal hydride phases. The sensor and/or switch response times make it quite suitable for measuring the concentration of hydrogen in a flowing gas stream. The sensor and/or switch preferably operates by measuring the resistance of several metal nanowires arrayed in parallel in the presence of hydrogen gas. The nanowires preferably comprise gaps or break junctions that can function as a switch that closes in the presence of hydrogen gas.

Abstract: A method for producing nanostructured multi-component or doped oxide particles and the particles produced therein. The process includes the steps of (i) dissolving salts of cations, which are either dopants or components of the final oxide, in an organic solvent; (ii) adding a dispersion of nanoparticles of a single component oxide to the liquid solution; (iii) heating the liquid solution to facilitate diffusion of cations into the nanoparticles; (iv) separating the solids from the liquid solution; and (v) heat treating the solids either to form the desired crystal structure in case of multi-component oxide or to render the homogeneous distribution of dopant cation in the host oxide structure. The process produces nanocrystalline multi-component or doped oxide nanoparticles with a particle size of 5–500 nm, more preferably 20–100 nm; the collection of particles have an average secondary (or aggregate) particle size is in the range of 25–2000 nm, preferably of less than 500 nm.

Abstract: A semiconductor device, which is arranged in a semiconductor body (1), and which comprises at least one source region (4) and at least one drain region (5), each being of the first conductivity type, and at least one body (8) of the second conductivity type, arranged between source region (4) and drain region (5), and at least one gate electrode (10) which is isolated with respect to the semiconductor body (1) via an isolation layer (9). Said isolation layer (9) comprises polarizable particles, which are composed of a nanoparticulate isolating core and a sheath of polarizable anions or polarizable cations. The isolation layer (9) exhibits a high dielectric constant ?.

Abstract: The invention concerns a colloidal dispersion of a phosphate of a rare earth and a process for its preparation. The dispersion is characterized in that it comprises anisotropic and disaggregated or disaggregatable particles of a phosphate of at least one rare earth and an anion of a monobasic acid, soluble in water and with a pKa of at least 2.5. It is prepared by a process in which a solution of a salt of at least one rare earth is mixed with phosphate ions while controlling the pH of the reaction medium to a value in the range 4 to 9 and in the presence of a monobasic acid, soluble in water and with a pKa of at least 2.5; the mixture obtained optionally undergoes a maturing step; the precipitate is then separated from the reaction medium; and said precipitate is then dispersed in water.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of preparing treated metal oxide nanoparticles from sols prepared from metal alkoxides and organosilanes. The treated nanoparticles are useful high refractive index additives in the manufacture of optical articles.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing powdered quantum dots comprising the steps of: a) reacting quantum dots comprising a core, a cap and a first ligand associated with the outer surfaces thereof with a second ligand, the second ligand displacing the first ligand and attaching to the outer surfaces of the quantum dots, b) isolating the quantum dots having the attached second ligand from the reaction mixture, c) reacting the isolated quantum dots having the attached second ligand with a small organic molecule whereby the small organic molecule attaches to the second ligand, d) reacting the quantum dots having the attached small organic molecule with a cross-linking agent to cross-link the small organic molecule attached to the second ligand with an adjacent second ligand attached to the surfaces of the quantum dots, e) isolating the quantum dots formed in step (d); and f) drying the isolated quantum dots to form powdered quantum dots. The invention includes the quantum dots.

Abstract: Composite particles containing metallic shell layers are provided. The particles may include a coating layer, such as of a protective or electrically non-conducting material, over an outermost metallic shell layer. The particle preferably has a plasmon resonance associated with at least one metallic shell layer. The coating layer preferably imparts improved thermal stability to the plasmon resonance. Further, the present invention relates to particles that include at least two metallic shell layers, separated by a coating layer. The addition of a second metallic shell layer preferably allows the plasmon resonance of the shell layer to be more red-shifted with respect to a colloidal particle of the metal that the plasmon resonance of a particle of the same size but with only a single metallic shell.

Abstract: Nanoporous metal foams are prepared by ignition of high nitrogen transition metal complexes. The ammonium salts of iron(III) tris[bi(tetrazolato)-amine], cobalt(III) tris(bi(tetrazolato)amine), and high nitrogen compounds of copper and silver were prepared as loose powders, pressed into pellets and wafers, and ignited under an inert atmosphere to form nanoporous metal foam monoliths having very high surface area and very low density.

Abstract: This invention provides a novel fluorescent particle including a core or carrier particle having on its surface a plurality of smaller polymeric particles or nanoparticles, which are stained with different fluorescent dyes. When excited by a light source they are capable of giving off multiple fluorescent emissions simultaneously, which is useful for multiplexed analysis of a plurality of analytes in a sample. The coupled complex particles carrying on their surface fluorescent nanoparticles, methods of preparing such polymer particles, and various applications and methods of using such particles are claimed.

Abstract: A method for producing nanoscale titanium dioxide particles which are coated with an oxide, a hydroxide or an oxide hydroxide of Al, Ce, Zr and/or Si wherein the enzymatic precipitant system urease/urea is used. Said coated titanium dioxide particles can have an average size of less than 50 nm, the coating providing effective protection against photocatalytic reactions. The coated particles are suitable, in particular, as UV absorbers in a transparent organic matrix.

Abstract: Heteroporphyrin nanotubes, metal nanostructures, and metal/porphyrin-nanotube composite nanostructures formed using the nanotubes as photocatalysts and structural templates, and the methods for forming the nanotubes and composites.

Abstract: This invention relates to a composition comprising nano-structured metal oxide particles (particularly, zirconia) and at least one stabilizing agent, a method to produce the composition, and a method to produce the thermally stable nano-structured particles. The method to produce the nano-structured particles comprises first preparing a base solution and a nanoparticle precursor solution, then combining these solutions at a final pH 7 or greater to precipitate a colloidal hydrous oxide. The colloidal hydrous oxide is then treated with at least one silicate, phosphate, or aluminum phosphate stabilizing agent and dried. These nano-structured particle products have high thermal stability and are particularly advantageous in applications as catalysts or catalyst supports that operate at high temperatures.

Abstract: In a metal oxide nanoparticle and a synthetic method thereof, and in particular to maghemite (?-Fe2O3) nanoparticles usable as a superhigh density magnetic recording substance by having good shape anisotropy and magnetic characteristics, hematite (?-Fe2O3) nanoparticles usable as a precursor to the maghemite or a catalyst, maghemite and hematite-mixed nanoparticles and a synthetic method thereof, the method for synthesizing metal oxide nanoparticles includes forming a reverse micelle solution by adding distilled water, a surfactant and a solvent to metallic salt not less than trivalent, precipitating and separating gel type amorphous metal oxide particles by adding proton scavenger to the reverse micelle solution; adjusting a molar ratio of metal oxide to the surfactant by washing the gel type amorphous metal oxide particles with a polar solvent; and crystallizing metal oxide nanoparticles through heating or reflux after dispersing the gel type amorphous metal oxide particles in a non-polar solvent having a h

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for producing particles, such as oxide nanoparticles, in a substantially water-free environment. The process involves mixing at least one metal compound of the formula MX(m?n) with at least one surfactant and at least one solvent, wherein M is an electropositive element of Groups 1–15; each X is independently selected from the group consisting of O1/2, F, Cl, Br, I, OR, O2CR, NR2, and R; each R is independently a hydrocarbyl group; n is equal to ½ the oxidation state of the metal M in the product particle; and m is equal to the oxidation state of the element M. The components are typically combined to form a mixture which is thermally treated for a time period sufficient to convert the metal compound into particles of the corresponding oxide, having sizes in a range between about 0.5 nanometer and about 1000 nanometers.

Abstract: A semiconductor device with a superlattice and method of making same includes forming a layer of amorphous silicon over a substrate, and forming a layer of nanocrystals by laser thermal annealing the layer of amorphous silicon. A gate dielectric is formed between the layer of amorphous silicon and the substrate. A dielectric layer is formed on the layer of amorphous silicon. The steps of forming the layer of amorphous silicon and forming the dielectric layer can be repeated. The thickness of the dielectric layer is between about 25 to 40 angstroms, and the thickness of the amorphous silicon layer is between about 30 to 50 angstroms. The average diameter of the nanocrystals is less than 40 angstroms.

Abstract: A process for producing nano sized boehmite aluminas which are stable at alkaline pH values wherein an aqueous medium of a peptized boehmite alumina is treated with a water dispersible polycarboxylic acid polymer and optionally with an organic water dispersible base having a molecular weight ranging from 500 to 3000 and having no more than three basic groupings to produce a treated boehmite alumina which forms a stable sol at a pH of greater than 6, the treated boehmite alumina having a dispersed particle size of less than 500 nm in the sol.

Abstract: A process of treating metal oxide nanoparticles that includes mixing metal oxide nanoparticles, a solvent, and a surface treatment agent that is preferably a silane or siloxane is described. The treated metal oxide nanoparticles are rendered hydrophobic by the surface treatment agent being surface attached thereto, and are preferably dispersed in a hydrophobic aromatic polymer binder of a charge transport layer of a photoreceptor, whereby ?—? interactions can be formed between the organic moieties on the surface of the nanoparticles and the aromatic components of the binder polymer to achieve a stable dispersion of the nanoparticles in the polymer that is substantially free of large sized agglomerations.

Abstract: A nano-scaled graphene plate material and a process for producing this material. The material comprises a sheet of graphite plane or a multiplicity of sheets of graphite plane. The graphite plane is composed of a two-dimensional hexagonal lattice of carbon atoms and the plate has a length and a width parallel to the graphite plane and a thickness orthogonal to the graphite plane with at least one of the length, width, and thickness values being 100 nanometers or smaller. The process for producing nano-scaled graphene plate material comprises the steps of: a). partially or fully carbonizing a precursor polymer or heat-treating petroleum or coal tar pitch to produce a polymeric carbon containing micron- and/or nanometer-scaled graphite crystallites with each crystallite comprising one sheet or a multiplicity of sheets of graphite plane; b). exfoliating the graphite crystallites in the polymeric carbon; and c).

Abstract: Nanostructures and methods of making the same are described. In one aspect, a film including a vector polymer comprising a payload moiety is formed on a substrate. The film is patterned. Organic components of the patterned film are removed to form a payload-comprising nanoparticle.