Abstract: A process for preparing a phase change memory semiconductor device comprising a (plurality of) nanoscale electrode(s) for alternately switching a chalcogenide phase change material from its high resistance (amorphous) state to its low resistance (crystalline) state, whereby a reduced amount of current is employed, and wherein the plurality of nanoscale electrodes, when present, have substantially the same dimensions.

Abstract: A light emitting diode (LED) having a p-type layer having a thickness of 100 nm or less, an n-type layer, and an active layer, positioned between the p-type layer and the n-type layer, for emitting light, wherein the LED does not include a separate electron blocking layer.

Abstract: This disclosure discloses novel responsive polymers that comprise a rod segment and (or) a coil segment. This disclosure also discloses nanomaterial-polymer composite comprising the responsive polymers that are covalently linked with nanomaterials. Also disclosed are polymeric transducer materials and sensor systems that comprise the nanomaterial-polymer composite.

Abstract: Described in example embodiments are nanocomposite powders including calcium phosphate and silver nanoparticles on the surface of the calcium phosphate. Other example embodiments, describe methods of forming nanocomposite powders comprising a) preparing a nanometric calcium phosphate by a sol-gel processing route; and b) depositing silver nanoparticles on the calcium phosphate surface. Compositions including nanocomposite powders and uses of those compositions are also described.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a semiconductor device includes a resistor element and a stacked-gate type memory cell transistor. The resistor element includes a first conductive layer which is formed on a second conductive layer via a first insulating layer, and is electrically connected to an interconnect, the second conductive layer being on a substrate and in a floating state. The stacked-gate type memory cell transistor is on the substrate, and includes a floating gate formed of the same material as the second conductive layer.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to metal oxide materials with varied nanostructural morphologies. More specifically, the disclosure relates to zinc oxide and cobalt oxide nanostructures with varied morphologies. The disclosure further relates to methods of making such metal oxide nanostructures.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of forming a strained semiconductor channel, comprising: forming a relaxed SiGe layer on a semiconductor substrate; forming a dielectric layer on the relaxed SiGe layer and forming a sacrificial gate on the dielectric layer, wherein the dielectric layer and the sacrificial gate form a sacrificial gate structure; depositing an interlayer dielectric layer, which is planarized to expose the sacrificial gate; etching to remove the sacrificial gate and the dielectric layer to form an opening; forming a semiconductor epitaxial layer by selective semiconductor epitaxial growth in the opening; depositing a high-K dielectric layer and a metal layer; and removing the high-K dielectric layer and metal layer covering the interlayer dielectric layer by planarizing the deposited metal layer and high-K dielectric layer to form a metal gate. The present invention also provides a semiconductor device manufactured by this process.

Abstract: Processes for producing carbon fibre, the filament thereof and pre-oxidized fibre are provided. In one embodiment, the gel spinning of polyacrylonitrile filament is achieved by using small-molecule gelling agent, and the carbon fibre obtained thereby is increased by 15% to 40% in tensile strength and by 20% to 35% in toughness. In another embodiment, the melt spinning process of polyacrylonitrile is conducted by using imidazole type ion liquid as plasticizer, the process reduces environment pollution, is suitable for industrial production and the fibre produced thereby is improved in its strength. In yet another embodiment, polyacrylonitrile pre-oxidized fibre is produced by melt spinning, so low cost and controllable pre-oxidization of polyacrylonitrile can be achieved. In a further embodiment, high strength carbon fibre is manufactured by using polymer thickening agent.

Abstract: Methods for making composite membranes (graphene/graphene oxide platelet composite membranes) and methods of aligned transfer of such composite membranes to substrates are shown. Compositions and devices that include such composite membranes are further shown.

Abstract: A structure comprising high aspect ratio molecular structures (HARM-structures), wherein the structure comprises an essentially planar network (2) of HARM-structures, and a support (3) in contact with the network (2). The support (3) has an opening (5) therein, at the peripheral region (4) of which opening (5) the network (2) is in contact with the support (3), such that the middle part of the network (2) is unsupported by the support (3). The network (2) comprises essentially randomly oriented HARM-structures.

Abstract: A method for fabricating nanostructures, which includes the steps of forming a multi-segmented nanowire; and performing a galvanic displacement reaction on the multi-segmented nanowire. The method utilizes template directed electrodeposition to fabricate nanowires with alternating layers of sacrificial/noble metal, enabling a new level of control over particle spacing, aspect ratio, and composition. Moreover, by exploiting the redox potential dependent reaction of galvanic displacement, nanopeapod materials can be extended (semiconductor/metal, p-type/n-type, metal/metal, ferromagnetic/nonmagnetic, etc.) beyond the fundamental metal/metal-oxide nanopeapods synthesized by high temperature techniques. In accordance with an exemplary embodiment. Co/Au and Ni/Au multisegmented nanowires were used to create Te/Au nanopeapods by galvanic displacement, producing Te nanotubes and nanowires with embedded Au particles, respectively.

Abstract: Nanoelectronic devices for the detection and quantification of biomolecules are provided. In certain embodiments, the devices are configured to detect and measure blood glucose levels. Also provided are methods of fabricating nanoelectronic devices for the detection of biomolecules.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods of fabricating nanostructures using a replacement reaction. In a preferred embodiment, metal particles in an inert atmosphere undergo a replacement reaction to form a layer on the metal particle which is removed to form a high surface area nanostructure. A preferred embodiment includes the fabrication of heater elements, powders and heater assemblies using the nanostructures.

Abstract: A shiny is manufactured using a low-molecular-weight organic acid as a dispersant and a nonaqueous organic solvent as a solvent, whereby a coated electrode for a power storage device in which an active material which has been made into microparticles each having a particle diameter of 100 nm or less is uniformly dispersed can be manufactured. By the use of the coated electrode manufactured in this manner, a power storage device with high charge/discharge characteristics can be manufactured. In other words, a power storage device with high capacity density can be realized because the amount of impurities is small and the power density is high due to the sufficient dispersion of the active material in the active material layer.

Abstract: Under one aspect, an interventional device includes a balloon having a flexible wall. The flexible wall includes a composition including between 0.005 wt. % and 0.20 wt. % of carbon nanotubes dispersed in a polymer. Under another aspect, a method of making an interventional device includes contacting a plurality of polymer particles with a plurality of nanotubes; extruding the polymer particles and the nanotubes to form a composition comprising the polymer and the nanotubes; and blow-casting the composition into a balloon.

Abstract: Methods of forming metal oxide structures and methods of forming metal oxide patterns on a substrate using a block copolymer system formulated for self-assembly. The metal oxide structures and patterns may be used, for example, as a mask for sublithographic patterning during various stages of semiconductor device fabrication. A block copolymer at least within a trench in the substrate and including at least one soluble block and at least one insoluble block may be annealed to form a self-assembled pattern including a plurality of repeating units of the at least one soluble block laterally aligned with the trench and positioned within a matrix of the at least one insoluble block. The self-assembled pattern may be exposed to a metal oxide precursor that impregnates the at least one soluble block. The metal oxide precursor may be oxidized to form a metal oxide. The self-assembled pattern may be removed to form a pattern of metal oxide lines on the substrate surface.

Abstract: A method of producing a core-shell catalyst particle, the method including: preparing a core particle that contains an alloy including a first core metal having a standard electrode potential of at least 0.6 V and a second core metal having a standard electrode potential lower than that of the first core metal; eluting the second core metal at least at a surface of the core particle, the elution being carried out under conditions at which an equilibrium is maintained for the first core metal between a metal state and a hydroxide and at which an equilibrium is maintained for the second core metal between a metal state and a metal ion; and, with the core particle being designed as a core portion, coating this core portion with a shell portion after the elution of the second core metal.

Abstract: In alternative embodiments, the invention provides articles of manufacture comprising biocompatible nanostructures comprising PolyEther EtherKetone (PEEK) surface-modified (surface-nanopatterned) to exhibit nanostructured surfaces that promote osseointegration and bone-bonding for, e.g., joint (e.g., knee, hip and shoulder) replacements, bone or tooth reconstruction and/or implants, including their use in making and using artificial tissues and organs, and related, diagnostic, screening, research and development and therapeutic uses, e.g., as primary or ancillary drug delivery devices. In alternative embodiments, the invention provides biocompatible nanostructures that promote osseointegration and bone-bonding for enhanced cell and bone growth and e.g., for in vitro and in vivo testing, restorative and reconstruction procedures, implants and therapeutics.

Abstract: In semiconductor devices having a copper-based metallization system, bond pads for wire bonding may be formed directly on copper surfaces, which may be covered by an appropriately designed protection layer to avoid unpredictable copper corrosion during the wire bond process. A thickness of the protection layer may be selected such that bonding through the layer may be accomplished, while also ensuring a desired high degree of integrity of the copper surface.

Abstract: The present invention relates to growth of III-V semiconductor nanowires (2) on a Si substrate (3). Controlled vertical nanowire growth is achieved by a step, to be taken prior of the growing of the nanowire, of providing group III or group V atoms to a (111) surface of the Si substrate to provide a group III or group V 5 surface termination (4). A nanostructured device comprising a plurality of aligned III-V semiconductor nanowires (2) grown on, and protruding from, a (111) surface of a Si substrate (3) in an ordered pattern in compliance with a predetermined device layout is also presented.

Abstract: A nanowire array is described herein. The nanowire array comprises a substrate and a plurality of nanowires extending essentially vertically from the substrate; wherein: each of the nanowires has uniform chemical along its entire length; a refractive index of the nanowires is at least two times of a refractive index of a cladding of the nanowires. This nanowire array is useful as a photodetector, a submicron color filter, a static color display or a dynamic color display.

Abstract: Methods for depositing ruthenium-containing films are provided herein. In some embodiments, a method of depositing a ruthenium-containing film on a substrate may include depositing a ruthenium-containing film on a substrate using a ruthenium-containing precursor, the deposited ruthenium-containing film having carbon incorporated therein; and exposing the deposited ruthenium-containing film to an oxygen-containing gas to remove at least some of the carbon from the deposited ruthenium-containing film. In some embodiments, the oxygen-containing gas exposed ruthenium-containing film may be annealed in a hydrogen-containing gas to remove at least some oxygen from the ruthenium-containing film. In some embodiments, the deposition, exposure, and annealing may be repeated to deposit the ruthenium-containing film to a desired thickness.

Abstract: Hybrid silicon-carbon nanostructured electrodes are fabricated by forming a suspension including carbon nanostructures and a fluid, disposing the suspension on a substrate, removing at least some of the fluid from the suspension to form a carbon nanostructure layer on the substrate, and sputtering a layer of silicon over the carbon nanostructure layer to form the hybrid silicon-carbon nanostructured electrode. Sputtering the layer of silicon facilitates fabrication of large dimension electrodes at room temperature. The hybrid silicon-carbon nanostructured electrode may be used as an anode in a rechargeable battery, such as a lithium ion battery.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for an electronic substrate having a plurality of semiconductor devices is described. A thin film of nanowires is formed on a substrate. The thin film of nanowires is formed to have a sufficient density of nanowires to achieve an operational current level. A plurality of semiconductor regions are defined in the thin film of nanowires. Contacts are formed at the semiconductor device regions to thereby provide electrical connectivity to the plurality of semiconductor devices. Furthermore, various materials for fabricating nanowires, thin films including p-doped nanowires and n-doped nanowires, nanowire heterostructures, light emitting nanowire heterostructures, flow masks for positioning nanowires on substrates, nanowire spraying techniques for depositing nanowires, techniques for reducing or eliminating phonon scattering of electrons in nanowires, and techniques for reducing surface states in nanowires are described.

Abstract: The present invention provides compositions and methods for the detection of red blood cells antigens. The methods and compositions are based on antibodies, serving as primary antibodies or secondary antibodies, that are labeled with a rare-earth based crystal. Methods utilizing antibodies labeled with a rare-earth based crystal enhance the efficiency and accuracy of blood compatability tests and red blood cells phenotyping.

Abstract: Example embodiments relate to methods of manufacturing p-type Zn oxide nanowires and electronic devices including the p-type Zn oxide nanowires. The method may include forming Zn oxide nanowires in an aqueous solution by using a hydrothermal synthesis method and annealing the Zn oxide nanowires to form p-type Zn oxide nanowires.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the synthesis and processing of materials, including nanostructures such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs). Methods and devices are presented for controlling the growth and/or assembly of nanostructures, in some cases using small channel-type environments (e.g., microfluidic channels). In these micro-scale environments, forces can be applied to nanostructures during their growth process, for instance, to control the rate and/or direction of growth of the nanostructures. These forces can also be used to direct the assembly of nanostructures into ordered configurations such as strands or other assemblies having micro- and macroscopic length scales. In some embodiments, multiple forces are applied simultaneously to direct the growth and/or assembly of nanostructures.

Abstract: The present invention provides a coloring composition which comprises pigment particles whose average particle size is not more than 200 nm and binder polymer particles. The composition permits the formation of a thin and uniform colored and coated layer on the surface of a fibrous structure without forming any color spot and without impairing the aesthetic properties and the flexibility of the fibrous structure and it has a good color-developing ability and excellent fastness of color. The method for coloring a fibrous structure using this composition permits the coloration of even a mixed material using a single coloring composition and at a single coloration step and the method is quite simple, it can ensure a high working efficiency, a high energy efficiency and quite effective use of water resources and it is free of any environmental pollution.

Abstract: Novel aqueous dispersions of thermoplastic polymers suitable for generation of films, notably for the sizing of fibers for facilitating their handling and for making composite materials.

Abstract: A photovoltaic device and related methods. The device has a structured material positioned between an electron collecting electrode and a hole collecting electrode. An electron transporting/hole blocking material is positioned between the electron collecting electrode and the structured material. In a specific embodiment, negatively charged carriers generated by optical absorption by the structured material are preferentially separated into the electron transporting/hole blocking material. In a specific embodiment, the structured material has an optical absorption coefficient of at least 103 cm?1 for light comprised of wavelengths within the range of about 400 nm to about 700 nm.

Abstract: Extension regions 7 are formed through implantation using offset sidewalls 6a of a footing profile as a mask, and sidewalls 9 are formed on the offset sidewalls 6a so that source and drain regions 10 are formed into the sidewall through implantation, so that the extension regions 7 are made separated away from both edges of the gate, contributing to enlargement in an effective gate length, and dealing with the narrowed gate pitch, without increasing the number of processes.

Abstract: A platinum-based nano catalyst supported carbon nano tube electrode and a manufacturing method thereof, more particularly to a manufacturing method of a carbon nano tube electrode and a carbon nano tube electrode supported with the platinum-based catalyst by growing the carbon nano tube on the surface of the carbon paper and using a CVD method on the surface of the carbon nano tube. By growing the carbon nano tube directly, the broad surface area and excellent electric conductivity of the carbon nano tube can be utilized maximally, and especially, the nano catalyst particles with minute sizes on the surface of the carbon nano tube by using the CVD method as a supporting method of the platinum-based catalyst on the surface of the carbon nano tube, the amount of the platinum can be minimized and still shows an efficient catalyst effect and by improving the catalyst activity by increasing the distribution, so academic and industrial application in the future is highly expected.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a composite material, the method comprising: providing a first layer (14) of CNTs reinforcement elements (13) with liquid matrix material in interstitial gaps between the reinforcement elements; dipping a second layer of reinforcement elements into the liquid matrix material in the interstitial gaps such that the reinforcement elements in the second layer become partially embedded in the first layer of reinforcement elements and partially protrude from the first layer of reinforcement elements, impregnating the protruding parts of the reinforcement elements in the second layer with liquid matrix material; and curing the liquid matrix material.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods and systems for nanowire alignment and deposition. Energizing (e.g., an alternating current electric field) is used to align and associate nanowires with electrodes. By modulating the energizing, the nanowires are coupled to the electrodes such that they remain in place during subsequent wash and drying steps. The invention also provides methods for transferring nanowires from one substrate to another in order to prepare various device substrates. The present invention also provides methods for monitoring and controlling the number of nanowires deposited at a particular electrode pair, as well as methods for manipulating nanowires in solution.

Abstract: According to an example embodiment a method of plating resin using a graphene thin layer includes forming a graphene thin layer on a resin substrate and electroplating the resin substrate having the graphene thin layer fog on the resin substrate.

Abstract: Provided are novel multidimensional electrode structures containing high capacity active materials for use in rechargeable electrochemical cells. These structures include main support structures and multiple nanowires attached to the support structures and extending into different directions away from these supports. The active material may be deposited as a layer (uniform or non-uniform) surrounding the nanowires and, in certain embodiments, the main supports and even substrate. The active material layer may be sufficiently thin to prevent pulverization of the layer at given operating conditions. Interconnections between the electrode structures and/or substrate may be provided by overlaps formed during deposition of the active layer. Silicide-based nano wires structures may be formed on the main supports in a fluidized bed reactor by suspending the metal-containing main supports in a silicon-containing process gas. A layer of silicon may be then deposited over these silicide nanowires.

Abstract: Films for optical use, articles containing such films, methods for making such films, and systems that utilize such films, are disclosed.

Abstract: Provided is a method of inhibiting magnetically induced aggregation of ferrimagnetic and/or ferromagnetic nanoparticles by encapsulating the nanoparticles in a silica shell. The method entails coating magnetic nanoparticle surfaces with a polyacid polymer to form polymer-coated magnetic nanoparticles and treating the polymer-coated magnetic nanoparticles with a silica precursor to form uniform silica-coated magnetic nanoparticles. By controlling the thickness of the silica encapsulating the nanoparticles, the inherent magnetically induced aggregation of the nanoparticles can be completely inhibited.

Abstract: Nanowires suspended from a substrate surface and methods of making nanowires suspended from a substrate surface are provided. The suspended nanowires are comprised of a variety of materials, including metals and mixtures of metals. Suspended nanowires supply large surface areas for applications such as, for example, energy storage and catalysis. Embodiments of the invention provide three dimensional nanowires attached to a substrate surface and arrays of three dimensional nanowires.

Abstract: A substrate is provided that has a metallic layer on a substrate surface of a substrate. A film made of a two dimensional (2-D) material, such as graphene, is deposited on a metallic surface of the metallic layer. The metallic layer is dewet and/or removed to provide the film on the substrate surface.

Abstract: Nanosized filamentary carbon structures (CNTs) nucleating over a catalyzed surface may be grown in an up-right direction reaching a second surface, spaced from the first surface, without the need of applying any external voltage source bias. The growth process may be inherently self-stopping, upon reaching a significant population of grown CNTs on the second surface. A gap between the two surfaces may be defined for CNT devices being simultaneously fabricated by common integrated circuit integration techniques. The process includes finding that for separation gaps of up to a hundred or more nanometers, a difference between the respective work functions of the materials delimiting the gap space, for example, different metallic materials or a doped semiconductor of different dopant concentration or type, may produce an electric field intensity orienting the growth of nucleated CNTs from the surface of one of the materials toward the surface of the other material.

Abstract: Natural biopolymers in the form of cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) are shown to have the required characteristics to serve as chemically reactive biotemplates for metallic and semiconductor nanomaterial synthesis. Silver (Ag), gold (Au), copper (Cu) and platinum (Pt), cadmium sulfide (CdS), zinc sulfide (ZnS) and lead sulfide (PbS) nanoparticles, nanoparticle chains and nanowires may be synthesized on CNCs by exposing metallic precursor salts to a cationic surfactant, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), and a reducing agent. The nanoparticle density and particle size may be controlled by varying the concentration of CTAB, pH of the salt solution, as well as the reduction time or reaction time between the reducing agent and the metal precursor.

Abstract: The invention relates to a product and a process for fabricating a ID, 2D, or 3D layered micro or nano component that comprises providing an electrode having a micro-scale or nano-scale tip, and applying an electric current to the electrode tip in the presence of a micro-scale or nano-scale powder.

Abstract: A composite material comprising at least one polymeric resin and optionally at least one fibrous reinforcement where the polymeric resin comprises at least one difunctional epoxy resin and at least one epoxy resin with a functionality greater than two having at least one meta-substituted phenyl ring in its backbone.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing an optical semiconductor device including: forming a mesa structure including a first conductivity type cladding layer, an active layer and a second conductivity type cladding layer in this order on a first conductivity type semiconductor substrate, an upper most surface of the mesa structure being constituted of an upper face of the second conductivity type cladding layer; growing a first burying layer burying both sides of the mesa structure at higher position than the active layer; forming an depressed face by etching both edges of the upper face of the second conductivity type cladding layer; and growing a second burying layer of the first conductivity type on the depressed face of the second conductivity type cladding layer and the first burying layer.

Abstract: A method of producing dried cellulose nanofibrils includes atomizing an aqueous suspension of cellulose nanofibrils and introducing the atomized aqueous suspension into a drying chamber of a drying apparatus. The aqueous suspension is then dried, thereby forming substantially non-agglomerated dried cellulose nanofibrils.

Abstract: It is described a gold nanoparticle coated with from two to five layers of a combination of a polyelectrolyte having amino functionality and a polyelectrolyte having sulfonic functionality, or with one single layer of said polyelectrolyte having amino functionality, preferably polyallylamine, or sulfonic functionality, preferably polystyrenesulfonic, characterized in that said nanoparticle comprises an outer layer of albumin. It is also described the process for its preparation, its use as carriers intended to cross blood-brain barrier and its use as medicament, in particular for treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, more in particular of diseases caused by protein aggregates, such as prion diseases, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Also described are pharmaceutical compositions comprising said nanoparticle.

Abstract: The amorphous silicon film formation method includes forming a seed layer on the surface of a base by heating the base and flowing aminosilane-based gas onto the heated base; and forming an amorphous silicon film on the seed layer by heating the base, supplying silane-based gas containing no amino group onto the seed layer on the surface of the heated base, and thermally decomposing the silane-based gas containing no amino group.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for making graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) by controlled unzipping of structures such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs) by etching (e.g., argon plasma etching) of nanotubes partly embedded in a polymer film. The GNRs have smooth edges and a narrow width distribution (2-20 nm). Raman spectroscopy and electrical transport measurements reveal the high quality of the GNRs. Such a method of unzipping CNTs with well-defined structures in an array will allow the production of GNRs with controlled widths, edge structures, placement and alignment in a scalable fashion for device integration. GNRs may be formed from nanostructures in a controlled array to form arrays of parallel or overlapping structures. Also disclosed is a method in which the CNTs are in a predetermined pattern that is carried over and transferred to a substrate for forming into a semiconductor device.

Abstract: A process for forming a porous metal oxide or metalloid oxide material, the process including: providing an anodic substrate including a metal or metalloid substrate; providing a cathodic substrate; contacting the anodic substrate and the cathodic substrate with an acid electrolyte to form an electrochemical cell; applying an electrical signal to the electrochemical cell; and forming shaped pores in the metal or metalloid substrate by: (c) time varying the applied voltage of the electrical signal to provide a voltage cycle having a minimum voltage period during which a minimum voltage is applied, a maximum voltage period during which a maximum voltage is applied, and a transition period between the minimum voltage period and the maximum voltage period, wherein the voltage is progressively increased from the minimum voltage to the maximum voltage during the transition period, or (d) time varying the current of the electrical signal to provide a current cycle having a minimum current period during which a mi