Abstract: A method for expanding human corneal endothelial cells includes: (a) providing an amniotic membrane with or without amniotic cells, wherein the amniotic membrane has an extracellular matrix; (b) placing onto the amniotic membrane, a sheet of endothelial layer, or a cell suspension including human corneal endothelial stem cells; and (c) culturing the corneal endothelial cells on the amniotic membrane for a duration sufficient for the corneal endothelial stem cells to expand to an appropriate area. The invention also relates to a method for creating a surgical graft for a recipient site of a patient using the method for expanding human corneal endothelial cells, and the surgical graft prepared therefrom.

Abstract: A bioactive PMMA (polymethylmethacrylate) bone cement contains a powder component and a reactive monomer liquid, wherein the powder component and the reactive monomer liquid when mixed with one another react with one another and form a polymer-based solid material. The powder component contains particulate polymer powder of polymethylmethacrylates; a radical starter; and anionic copolymer nanoparticles. The anionic copolymer nanoparticles are distributed in nano-particulate form within the particulate powder component or coated as a film on particles of the particulate polymer powder.

Abstract: The present invention provides biocompatible composite materials that can be fabricated into a scaffold having properties suitable for bone repair and regeneration. These scaffolds have sufficient mechanical strength to be useful for the repair and regeneration of cortical bone.

Abstract: A biomedical implant according to this invention comprises ceramic complex, which includes a surface-modified basic ceramic particles, which are basic ceramic particles modified their surface with first biodegradable polymers, and the second biodegradable polymers. The first and second biodegradable polymer are combined each other and form a stereo complex. The biomedical implant has a superior effect to suppress inflammation caused by degradation of biodegradable polymers with improving its mechanical property.

Abstract: Nanoparticles are functionalized for use as bio-imaging probes using a novel, modular approach. Particle surface modification is based on a phosphonate monolayer platform on which was built a multi-segmented, multi-functional film: the first segment provided hydrolytic stability, the second aqueous suspendability, and the third, selectivity for cell attachment. In vitro imaging experiments visualized nanoparticle-cell surface binding. Peptide-derivatized nano-particles were not displaced from cells by soluble peptide. Methods for coating the host particles and use of rare earth ion-doped particles in imaging methods and photodynamic therapy methods are also disclosed.

Abstract: A neural graft includes a biological substrate, a carbon nanotube structure and a neural network. The carbon nanotube structure is located on the biological substrate. The carbon nanotube structure includes a number of carbon nanotube wires crossed with each other to define a number of pores. The neural network includes a number of neural cell bodies and a number of neurites branched from the neural cell bodies. An effective diameter of each pore is larger than or equal to a diameter of the neural cell body, the neurites substantially extend along the carbon nanotube wires such that the neurites are patterned.

Abstract: The present invention relates to thiol- or an amine-associated ferromagnetic or superparamagnetic copper nanoparticles with an average diameter less than 30 nm, to the method for obtaining them and their applications in biomedicine and other fields.

Abstract: The present invention provides multifunctional popcorn-shaped gold nanomaterial for sensing, treatment and for a unique way of monitoring treatment effectiveness during therapy process of different human cancer cells and pathogenic bacteria. It consists of the following steps 1) Synthesis of popcorn-shaped gold nanoparticles of different sizes. 2) Design of multifunctional popcorn-shaped gold nanoparticle for targeted sensing, therapy and monitoring therapy effectiveness for different human cancer cells (liver, breast, skin and prostate) and drug resistance bacteria. 3) Design of portable SERS sensor for cancer detection, treatment and for monitoring treatment effectiveness using the same instrument. and 4) Application of our approach to detect and kill MDRB from food sample.

Abstract: Some embodiments provide a system for external manipulation of magnetic nanoparticles in vasculature using a remotely placed magnetic field-generating stator. In one aspect, the systems and methods relate to the control of magnetic nanoparticles in a fluid medium using permanent magnet-based or electromagnetic field-generating stator sources. Such a system can be useful for increasing the diffusion of therapeutic agents in a fluid medium, such as a human circulatory system, which can result in substantial clearance of fluid obstructions, such as vascular occlusions, in a circulatory system resulting in increased blood flow.

Abstract: The invention relates to an aqueous composition used in the laser repair treatment of fibrous connective tissue, including: gold nanoparticles in a concentration of between 1.5×109 particles per ml and 1×1010 particles per ml; and albumin and/or collagen in a concentration of between 30 wt % and 45 wt %. The invention also relates to an assembly including such a composition.

Abstract: A nerve graft includes a carbon nanotube structure, a hydrophilic layer, and a nerve network. The hydrophilic layer having a polar surface is located on a surface of the carbon nanotube structure. The nerve network positioned on the polar surface of the hydrophilic layer includes a number of neurons connecting with each other. The nerve network has a polarity. The polar surface of the hydrophilic layer has a polarity attracted to the polarity of the nerve network.

Abstract: A method of manipulating a living cell is disclosed. The method comprises, directing a pulsed optical field to at least one conductive nanoparticle present in the vicinity of the cell, so as to generate cavitations at or near the conductive nanoparticle at sufficient amount to effect at least one cell modification selected from the group consisting of cell-damage and cell-fusion.

Abstract: The present invention provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient and a compound of the formula: wherein R1, R2, R3, R5, R6 and R8 are each independently a member selected from the group consisting of H, C1-6 alkyl and OH; R4, R7 and R9 are each independently selected from the group consisting of C1-6 alkoxy and OH; R10 is a member selected from the group consisting of H, —OH, —OP(O)Me2, —O—(CH2)n—OH and —O—(CH2)m—O—(CH2)o—CH3, wherein subscripts n and m are each independently from 2 to 8 and subscript o is from 1 to 6; each of L1 and L4 are independently selected from the group consisting of: each of L2 and L3 are independently selected from the group consisting of: and salts, hydrates, isomers, metabolites and prodrugs thereof.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a medical agent that has an excellent effect on the diseases resulting from one of inflammation and remodeling and that can prevent or treat them in response to various mechanisms of onset and development of the diseases. Thus, the present invention relates to a medical agent for preventing or treating diseases resulting from one of inflammation and remodeling in blood vessel, including nanobubbles.

Abstract: In alternative embodiments, the invention provides articles of manufacture comprising biocompatible nanostructures comprising PolyEther EtherKetone (PEEK) surface-modified (surface-nanopatterned) to exhibit nanostructured surfaces that promote osseointegration and bone-bonding for, e.g., joint (e.g., knee, hip and shoulder) replacements, bone or tooth reconstruction and/or implants, including their use in making and using artificial tissues and organs, and related, diagnostic, screening, research and development and therapeutic uses, e.g., as primary or ancillary drug delivery devices. In alternative embodiments, the invention provides biocompatible nanostructures that promote osseointegration and bone-bonding for enhanced cell and bone growth and e.g., for in vitro and in vivo testing, restorative and reconstruction procedures, implants and therapeutics.

Abstract: Hydrogels formed from hyaluronic acid, a nanoclay and gelatin-type A. The hyaluronic acid is preferably dissolved in a cell culture medium containing amino acids, salts, glucose, vitamins and an antibiotic to form a hyaluronic acid solution. The gelatin-type A has a weight/volume of from about 0.02% to 0.08%. The nanoclay is exfoliated in deionized water and preferably includes SiO2, MgO, Na2O and Li2O.

Abstract: A method for growing bone cells. In one aspect, the present invention provides a method for growing bone cells, comprising the steps of (a) anodizing a titanium substrate to form an array of titanium dioxide nanotubes on a surface of the titanium substrate, (b) subjecting the anodized titanium substrate to a radio frequency plasma discharge to chemically modify the array of titanium dioxide nanotubes formed on the surface of the titanium substrate, (c) seeding bone cells onto the surface of the titanium substrate that has an array of titanium dioxide nanotubes thereon after the subjecting step, and (d) incubating the seeded bone cells for a period of time effective for the cells to grow and proliferate.

Abstract: Featured are a biocompatible, injectable, self-setting, cohesive, bone-bonding and remodeling calcium phosphate composite material and its use in methods of repairing defective bone, e.g., in vertebroplasty augmentation and kyphoplasty.

Abstract: The present invention provides a dual crosslinked biodegradable polymer and methods of making and using the polymer. The dual crosslinked biodegradable polymer composition includes a multifunctional monomer; a diol; and an unsaturated di-acid at least partially polymerized to form a network and photocrosslinked into a dual crosslinked polymer network.

Abstract: The present invention relates porous osteoinductive nanocomposites and for the methods to prepare osteoinductive nanocomposites. The osteoinductive composites consist of biocompatible polymers and non-heated (or non-sintered), needle-shaped or plate-like calcium phosphate nanocrystals and the methods comprise the steps of: a. adding phosphate to a calcium solution thereby evoking precipitation of calcium phosphate nanocrystals; b. washing the nanocrystals with water and suspending them in an organic solvent or getting dry calcium phosphate nanocrystals after evaporating organic solvent; c.

Abstract: Methods and devices for selectively removing from a subject a target cell, pathogen, or virus expressing a binding partner on its surface are presented. In one embodiment, the device contains an excorporeal circuit, which includes, at least, a magnetic filter comprising a magnet and a removable, magnetizable substrate capable of capturing magnetic nanomaterials; and a pump in fluid communication with the magnetic filter, wherein the pump moves fluid through the excorporeal circuit. The magnet is capable of generating a magnetic field sufficient to capture magnetic nanomaterials in the magnetic field. In a preferred embodiment, the target cells are cancer cells and/or cells infected with pathogenic agents. The devices may be designed for extracorporeal or in vivo uses. Functionalized superparamagnetic nanoparticles are either mixed ex vivo with a biological fluid from the patient or injected into the patient.

Abstract: The disclosed is a biodegradable copolymer, an amphiphilic diblock copolymer, composed of a hydrophilic segment and a hydrophobic segment. The hydrophilic segment is an endcapped PEG or derivatives thereof. The hydrophilic segment is a random polymer polymerized of lactone or cyclic C3-C6 molecule and lactic acid/glycolic acid. There is no coupling agent between the hydrophilic and hydrophobic segments, and the biodegradable copolymer is formed by one-pot ring-opening polymerization. The biodegradable copolymer can be dissolved in water to form a thermosensitive material having a phase transfer temperature of 25 to 50° C., thereby being applied to biological activity factor delivery, tissue engineering, cell culture and biological glue.

Abstract: In various embodiments, methods described herein comprise the use of water-soluble cationic fullerene derivatives for improving plant genetic transformation. Cationic Fullerene derivatives of the invention possess DNA binding and compaction activity and provide a new method to deliver DNA into plant cells for plant transformation. Water-soluble fullerene derivatives of the invention with anionic or non-polar substituents possess antioxidant (free radical scavenging) activity, provide improved yields and efficiency of plant transformation methods such as biolistic, Agrobacterium tumefaciens, or electroporation methods by limiting cellular damage and resulting cell death leading to higher yields of viable transformed cells in the process.

Abstract: Products, compositions, systems, and methods for modifying a target structure which mediates or is associated with a biological activity, including treatment of conditions, disorders, or diseases mediated by or associated with a target structure, such as a virus, cell, subcellular structure or extracellular structure. The methods may be performed in situ in a non-invasive manner by placing a nanoparticle having a metallic shell on at least a fraction of a surface in a vicinity of a target structure in a subject and applying an initiation energy to a subject thus producing an effect on or change to the target structure directly or via a modulation agent. The nanoparticle is configured, upon exposure to a first wavelength ?1, to generate a second wavelength ?2 of radiation having a higher energy than the first wavelength ?1.

Abstract: Bone repair composition and method of making the same, the bone repair composition being formed by firstly mixing a first aqueous calcium phosphate suspension with bone graft granules to form an intermediate mixture. The intermediate mixture is then mixed with a second aqueous calcium phosphate suspension, wherein the first aqueous calcium phosphate suspension contains a lower weight concentration of calcium phosphate than the second aqueous calcium phosphate suspension.