Abstract: The present invention generally provides compositions including carbon-based nanostructures, catalyst materials and systems, and related methods. In some cases, the present invention relates to carbon-based nanostructures comprising a high density of charged moieties. Methods of the invention may provide the ability to introduce a wide range of charged moieties to carbon-based nanostructures. The present invention may provide a facile and modular approach to synthesizing molecules that may be useful in various applications including sensors, catalysts, and electrodes.

Abstract: Disclosed is a positive electrode forming material for a positive electrode of a battery, the material including particles of a positive electrode active material and fine carbon fibers adhering to surfaces of particles of the positive electrode active material in a shape of a network. The positive electrode active material is preferably fine particles having an average particle diameter of 0.03 to 40 ?m. Each of the fine carbon fibers is preferably carbon nanofiber having an average fiber diameter of 1 to 100 nm and an aspect ratio of 5 or greater. The carbon nanofiber is surface-oxidized. The positive electrode forming material includes a binder. The content of the fine carbon fibers is 0.5 to 15 parts by mass and the content of the binder is 0.5 to 10 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the positive electrode active material.

Abstract: A self-supporting carbon electrode can include, or consist essentially of, nanostructured carbon, for example, oxygen-functionalized nanostructured carbon.

Abstract: A hybrid memory system having electromechanical memory cells is disclosed. A memory cell core circuit has an array of electromechanical memory cells, in which each cell is a crossbar junction at least one element of which is a nanotube or a nanotube ribbon. An access circuit provides array addresses to the memory cell core circuit to select at least one corresponding cell. The access circuit is constructed of semiconductor circuit elements.