Abstract: A covering element for a floor covering comprising an upper surface having a relief structure, wherein the relief structure comprises excavations having a depth decreasing towards at least one perimetric edge of the covering element.

Abstract: A support structure for a heating or cooling system comprises a base; and a plurality of projections that extend from said base and are capable of retaining one or more thermal elements positioned adjacent thereto; wherein each of said projections comprises a wall extending from said base, at least part of said wall having an oscillating form to increase the crush resistance of the support structure. During installation, many potential sources of pressure that can crush and/or damage the structure. For example, an installer may stand on the structure while inserting the thermal elements, or heavy equipment may apply a concentrated load upon the structure. The walls of the structure are largely responsible for crush resistance of the structure, wherein an oscillating wall has an effective thickness greater than its actual thickness and enhances crush resistance of the structure without a large increase in material.