Abstract: A system and method for sending and receiving data with a reliable communication protocol. The system includes a computer at a node having a backplane, a CPU board plugged into the backplane, software instructions for the CPU, and a special network board plugged into the backplane. The CPU board, software, and network card act to implement the TCP/IP protocol suite. The network card or board includes an interface to receive data packets from the physical layer, and circuitry to verify the TCP checksum before de-encapsulation and routing of the TCP segment by the network layer software. It also includes circuitry to automatically prepare the acknowledgement signal to be sent by the receiving computer to the sending computer. It additionally includes circuitry to calculate the error detecting code on outgoing signals from the sending computer to the receiving computer.

Abstract: A technique for etching a silicon oxide film using a silicon nitride film as a stopper is provided so that a contact hole is opened in a self-aligned manner, etc., which corresponds to a semiconductor with a microstructure and a high aspect ratio. In a method of manufacturing a semiconductor device including an etching process for etching a silicon oxide film using a silicon nitride film as a stopper, atoms of one or more kinds selected from a group consisting of carbon and atoms whose reactivity to fluorine and oxygen is equivalent to that of carbon are implanted into said silicon nitride film by an ion implantation method before said etching process, so that selectivity of silicon oxide for silicon nitride in said etching process is increased.

Abstract: Conventional file-based engineering design data for an engineering model are represented by a plurality of components. Each component has a unique identifier, a set of fields, each field having a data type and a data value, and a program which interprets and modifies the fields. The plurality of components are stored in a repository of a server. The repository also stores a history of any changes made to the components. A plurality of client computers are bidirectionally connected to the server. Each client computer may obtain the current version of the components and may send locally edited versions of the components back to the server to replace the current versions in the repository. At the client computer, the user interacts with the components using conventional file-based software.

Abstract: The present invention implements a decrease in chip size. The device is comprised of memory cell arrays 34a and 34b, a bank selector 36, a cell select circuit 38a, a data multiplexer 40, and an input/output buffer 42. The bank selector generates a bank select signal and selects the memory cell arrays alternately. The cell select circuit selects a predetermined memory cell of the memory cell array selected by the bank select signal and performs a read operation from and a write operation to this memory cell. The data multiplexer transfers the read data from the memory cell array selected by the bank select signal to the input/output buffer.

Abstract: An optical module comprising: an optical semiconductor element, an optical fiber optically coupled to the optical semiconductor element, a substrate on which the optical semiconductor element and optical fiber are mounted, and a sealing section wherein the optical semiconductor element and the region of the optical fiber containing the end face thereof adjacent to the optical semiconductor element are covered by a sealant. A sealant retaining section is formed in the substrate. The sealing section has a dome shape formed by a single layer of sealant, and the end portions of this sealing section, apart from the side thereof adjacent to the optical fiber, are fixed by a sealant retaining section. According to this composition, the optical fiber, optical semiconductor element and the optical coupling section between the optical fiber and the optical semiconductor element are sealed satisfactorily.

Abstract: A method in which a gate structure having a ferroelectric film and a conductor film is processed easily and without causing damage is provided. A first IrO2 film is deposited on a substrate. A ferroelectric film is formed by applying a light-sensitive sol-gel solution containing a ferroelectric material dissolved therein onto the first IrO2 film. A difference in solubility at the time of development is made between an exposed portion and an unexposed portion of the light-sensitive sol-gel solution. A second IrO2 film is deposited on the ferroelectric film. A shading film and an etching mask of predetermined patterns are formed on the second IrO2 film. The second IrO2 film is processed using the etching mask and an upper electrode is formed. The pattern of the shading film is transferred to the ferroelectric film by effecting exposure. An exposed region of the ferroelectric film is removed by effecting development. Only an unexposed region remains as a ferroelectric film.

Abstract: There is provided a technique of connecting easily the lead terminal to the board of the module. A plurality of clip lead terminals each has at one end thereof clip portions which are connected electrically to connecting terminals by sandwiching an end portion of a board of a module and the connecting terminals formed thereon between clip members of said clip portions and has a lead portion at the other end thereof. The clip lead terminals are arranged so as to be spaced from one another in parallel with one another with the leading edges of the respective clip portions aligned on a straight line. The clip lead terminals are connected to one another through a tie bar and a guide as a connecting portion, respectively, whereby the connecting clip lead terminal 18 is formed as one-body. The lead portions are bent on every other one, leading end portions of the bent lead portions and leading end portions of the non-bent lead portions are in parallel with each other viewing from a side of the board.

Abstract: Control signal systems for use in configuring an optical switch such that a communication signal transmittable from a first fiber end may be transmitted along a desired pathway between the first fiber end and a second fiber end are disclosed. The systems include transmitting a control signal, either on-path or, if the switch is mirror based, off-path with a communication signal pathway over which the communication signal is transmittable in the optical switch. The transmitted control signal is received by a control signal detector that is maintained in a known spatial relation relative to the desired pathway. A feedback signal relating to the spatial relationship between the communication signal pathway and the desired pathway is output by the detector. The feedback signal may be utilized in configuring the optical switch in order to make the communication signal pathway coincident with the desired pathway and thereby achieve transmission of the communication signal over the desired pathway.

Abstract: Provided is a planar lightwave circuit module in which the required optical components constituting an optical fiber amplifier and representing components other than amplifying optical fibers are formed into a unitary structure on a common substrate. This planar lightwave circuit module comprises signal light input ports, signal light output ports, and first and second connection ports. The first connection port is connected to the signal light output ports and to one end of an amplifying optical fiber. The second connection port is connected to the signal light input ports and to the other end of the amplifying optical fiber. Optical coupling means for feeding pumping light from an pumping source to the amplifying optical fiber are also provided in the form of waveguides or in integrated form. Amplifying optical fibers are connected from the outside to the first and second connection ports of this planar lightwave circuit module, yielding an optical fiber amplifier.

Abstract: An ohmic electrode for electrically connecting a shielding metal film and a window layer is provided to a semiconductor light-receiving element in which stray light is controlled by the shielding metal film. In this semiconductor light-receiving element, the ohmic electrode is disposed such that it encircles a p+ diffusion region while kept in contact with the window layer on a substrate. Crack propagation from the edgewise region into the ohmic electrode is thereby impeded.

Abstract: The wiring structure provided to the semiconductor memory device comprises a main wiring layer and barrier metal layer each established in the substrate and is connected to the lower electrode of a capacitive element. The main wiring layer and lower electrode are isolated from each other by a barrier metal layer acting as a material impermeable to oxygen; as a result, the main wiring layer is not easily oxidized.

Abstract: The first operation means of a master communication device computes a parity bit of main data. The parity bit and the main data are transmitted to a slave communication device. The second operation means of the slave communication device performs parity check of the main data using this parity bit. The third operation means computes a parity bit of a data constellation comprising a signal for indicating the result of the parity check and the main data to be transmitted to the master communication device. This parity bit is transmitted to the master communication device along with the main data. The fourth operation means of the master communication device performs parity check of the main data using this parity bit. If the result of parity check by the second operation means indicates generation of an error, the result of parity check by the fourth operation means always indicates generation of an error.

Abstract: The present invention expands a selective wavelength band and flattens light intensity in the selective wavelength band as good as or better than prior art, and makes power loss less than prior art. The invention as a period characteristic wavelength splitter and an arrayed waveguide diffraction grating wavelength splitter between the first input/output port and the second input/output port in this sequence. The period characteristic wavelength splitter is comprised of the third star coupler, the second arrayed waveguide comprised of multiple waveguides having different optical path lengths, and the fourth star coupler. When an optical signal is input from the first input/output port, the period characteristic wavelength splitter outputs optical signals which wavelengths sequentially deviated with difference &dgr; from multiple ports at the first star coupler side of the fourth star coupler.

Abstract: Telecommunication is exchanged between first telecommunication equipment and second telecommunication equipment. A response monitoring packet is sent from the first telecommunication equipment towards the second telecommunication equipment during telecommunication exchange. A timer is activated in the first telecommunication equipment and a response packet is received from the second telecommunication equipment during telecommunication exchange. A response time, defined as a time length from a time at which the response monitoring packet is sent and a time at which the response packet is received, is calculated. The response time is compared to a threshold value, which is defined corresponding to a specific communication class. A telecommunication line connecting the first telecommunication equipment and the second telecommunication equipment is disconnected if the response time is in excess of the threshold value.

Abstract: Bit line capacitance variation devices are respectively connected to the bit lines contained in a ferroelectric memory device. These bit line capacitance variation devices change the capacitance of bit lines according to the bit line potential during operations for reading data from the ferroelectric memory device.

Abstract: A fiber optic measurement system capable of greatly improving the cost, complexity, and efficiency with which flexible body shape estimates are made. The fiber optic shape measurement system uses Bragg grating sensor technology and time, spatial, and wavelength division multiplexing, to produce a plurality of strain measurements along one fiber path. Using a plurality of fibers, shape determination of the body and the tow cable can be made with minimal ambiguity. Also disclosed is a method to resolve the body shape based on strain-to-shape structural analysis. Possible applications include, but are not limited to, sensing the shape and position of flexible bodies, aid in improving the efficiency of existing acoustic surveying processing techniques, and related applications in geophysical prospecting.

Abstract: An agent-adapter architecture used in systems and methods to integrate applications of the type normally deployed across a networked enterprise. A plurality of adapters, each of which is adapted to perform a discrete function associated with respective ones of the plurality of enterprise applications is encapsulated by an agent. The agent is extensible, including one or more embedded objects, each of which is adapted to perform a discrete function that may or may not be associated with respective ones of the plurality of enterprise applications.

Abstract: A mobile cogeneration system fitted into modular intermodal transportation units for ease of transportation, relocation, configuration and reconfiguration, as well as providing an operating environment for the cogeneration system.

Abstract: Loss equalization is provided in an optical communications network. Included in a optical communications network are a number of optical switches which include various elements for the routing of optical signals. The optical paths through the switches may introduce loss into the signals which causes the strengths of the various signals transmitted over the plurality of lines to be different. Measurements of the optical signals may be taken at both the entry and the exit of the optical switch. Through this measurement, losses through the paths are measured. This information may then be used to adjust the routing devices within the optical switch to equalize the losses occurring along the paths. Measurements may also be taken at various points in the optical network to determine losses introduced by components such as splices or amplifiers. Equalization for these losses can also be made through the routing devices of the optical switch.

Abstract: A branching filter comprising a SAW resonator. The branching filter comprises a transmission SAW filter linked between an antenna terminal and a transmission terminal; a receiving SAW filter with different bandpass characteristics from the transmission SAW filter linked between the antenna terminal and the transmission terminal; a composite circuit that combines a frequency adjusting LC circuit linked between the antenna terminal and the transmission and receiving SAW filters with a branching filter circuit; and the branching filter circuit being structured to have a serial arm SAW resonator.