Abstract: A multi-layer material including a cellulose-based naturally decomposing basic layer, at least one polyhydroxyalkanoate layer on the basic layer and at least one biodegradable polylactide layer between the basic layer and the at least one polyhydroxyalkanoate layer.

Abstract: A method for reverse cutting with material wherein a blade holder includes two blades which are each designed for cutting web material (e.g., dry film photoresist) in a reverse manner prior to application of the material to a substrate (e.g., dielectric-conductor structure) designed for eventual usage as a printed circuit board or as part thereof (e.g., if laminated up with other, similarly formed substrate members).

Abstract: A device including an injection molding tool for use once or a few times for producing a sinterable ceramic and/or metallic product. The device includes at least one first tool part. At least one second tool part is combinable with the at least one first tool part to form a molding space for the product. The second tool part is produced using a wet composition and is made of a readily worked and form-stable material containing pores and admixed heat-conducting particles. A wet composition-enclosing member can engage the first tool part during the production of the second tool part. A unit can be connected to the at least one second tool part and can be arranged with the at least one first tool part for absorbing internal lateral displacement forces arising during squeezing or injection of an injection molding composition.

Abstract: A plasma discharge device and method for removing material from a substrate having dynamic tuning, which permits operation with a variety of process gasses over a range of operating conditions. A longitudinally extending microwave cavity is defined at the ends by microwave traps, the positions of which are longitudinally adjustable to provide dynamic tuning. An adjustable antenna is provided, and operation utilizes the TM.sub.012 mode.

Abstract: An apparatus for cooling an electrodeless lamp including a supersonic outlet jet for providing a stream of cooling gas. A common manifold including mounting elements for a plurality of conduits of equal length for transporting cooling gas, wherein the mounting elements are at staggered elevational positions so that the conduits provide cooling gas in the vicinity of lamp envelope at different elevational positions.

Abstract: A radiant heating apparatus for reducing the cumulative temperature gradient over a semiconductor workpiece during a low temperature process is comprised of a plurality of reflecting units, wherein each reflecting unit is comprised of a back reflector, a tubular reflector extending from the back reflector towards the workpiece, and a radiant energy source disposed in the tubular reflector in front of the back reflector, wherein a cross section of the tubular reflector is in the shape of a truncated segment of a circle.

Abstract: An apparatus for forming liquid hydrocarbons from solid coal. The coal is pulverized to provide a particulate coal feed, which is then extruded to provide a hollow tube of compressed coal supported inside of a support tube. A clay feed is extruded to provide a hollow tube of compressed clay supported inside of the coal tube and a combustible fuel is burned inside of the clay tube. The temperature of combustion is sufficient to fire the extruded clay and pyrolyze the extruded coal to produce hydrocarbon gases and coal char. The support tube has holes for releasing the hydrocarbon gases, which contain suspended particles formed during combustion. The suspended particles are removed from the hydrocarbon gases to provide clean gases, which are passed through an ionizing chamber to ionize at least a portion thereof. The ionized gases are then passed through a magnetic field to separate them from each other according to their molecular weight.

Abstract: A waterway for a boat amusement ride comprising first and second water troughs connected by a basin such that water flowing in the waterway changes direction through a sharp turning angle in flowing from the basin inlet to the basin outlet. Vanes in the basin cause a boat buoyantly supported and propelled by the water flow to move laterally such that the end of the boat first entering the basin leaves the basin behind the end of the boat last entering the basin, the orientation of the boat thereby being reversed as it passes through the basin. Optional elements for moving the boat laterally include water jets directed by nozzles on sidewalls of the basin and a rotating pushing member for engaging the last entering boat end. The pushing member may also be actuated laterally while abutting the last entering boat end.

Abstract: A centering compensator for resisting movement of the steerable wheels of a vehicle to either side of a selected center position, and for returning them to this center position after each such movement. The apparatus includes a cam follower member connected to the steerable wheels for movement therewith and arranged to engage the cam surface of a cam ring having one or more static rotational positions relative to its housing mounted on the vehicle frame. The cam surface has a centering depression and the follower member is carried by an arm member extending laterally from a centering shaft mounted for rotational movement relative to the cam ring. An actuator assembly applies a resilient biasing force to the follower arm for pressing the follower member into the centering depression in response to fluid pressure in a piston and cylinder assembly. The center position may be varied either locally or remotely by changing the static rotational position of the cam ring or the length of a centering shaft linkage.

Abstract: A plasma ashing chamber that uses an external radiant power source to uniformly heat the wafer is provided with a double plate window through which radiant heat and exhaust gases flow without interfering with each other.

Abstract: The envelope of an electrodeless lamp which would tend to produce a discharge which does not substantially fill the interior of the envelope if the envelope is not rotated or is rotated at insufficient speed, is rotated at a high enough speed to cause the discharge to substantially fill the interior of the envelope.

Abstract: A tank structure of a hot-water supply unit capable of permitting tap water under a high pressure to be supplied thereto without using any safety mechanism. An inner barrel of a tank body is formed by rounding or bending a flat plate of an increased thickness by rolling and then joining both lateral ends of the plate to each other by welding. The inner barrel and an outer barrel are joined together through a joint ring of a thickness between a thickness of the inner barrel and that of the outer barrel. Thus, the tank body can be readily manufactured using any specific equipment.

Abstract: An oil burner capable of ensuring normal combustion of quality-deteriorated kerosine. A burner body including a vaporization section is fed with fuel and air from a fuel pump and an air fan, respectively. A combustion control unit controls the fuel pump and air fan to control a combustion quantity in the burner body. The combustion control unit increases the combustion quantity to a combustion level sufficient to permit tar collected in the vaporization section to be burned at a predetermined time interval. Also, the combustion control unit keeps the combustion quantity increased to the combustion level for a predetermined period of time which permits tar collected in the burner body prior to an increase in combustion quantity to the combustion level to be substantially exhausted. This permits the combustion quantity to be intermittently increased, to thereby ensure substantial exhaustion of tar collected in the burner body.

Abstract: A method of forming liquid hydrocarbons from solid coal. The coal is pulverized to provide a particulate coal feed, which is then extruded to provide a hollow tube of compressed coal supported inside of a support tube. A clay feed is extruded to provide a hollow tube of compressed clay supported inside of the coal tube and a combustible fuel is burned inside of the clay tube. The temperature of combustion is sufficient to fire the extruded clay and pyrolyze the extruded coal to produce hydrocarbon gases and coal char. The support tube has holes for releasing the hydrocarbon gases, which contain suspended particles formed during combustion. The suspended particles are removed from the hydrocarbon gases to provide clean gases, which are passed through an ionizing chamber to ionize at least a portion thereof. The ionized gases are then passed through a magnetic field to separate them from each other according to their molecular weight.

Abstract: An injection mold is disclosed which includes cavities, resin passages for feeding resin toward the cavities and gates for injecting resin fed through the resin passages into the cavities. The gates each are arranged in a manner to be deviated from each of the cavities, so that only a part of an opening of the gate at an end of the gate facing the cavity is open to the cavity. Such construction, when tensile force is applied between a molded article and an in-the-gate molded resin portion to release the molded article from the mold, facilitates separation therebetween while keeping the in-the-gate molded resin portion from being left on a side of the molded article.

Abstract: A method of removing material from a substrate, and a plasma discharge device wherein a plasma is excited by microwave energy having an electric field which is azimuthally and axially uniform in relation to the plasma tube. The microwave cavity is divided longitudinally into sections by conducting partitions, each of which is separately fed with microwave energy, and the plasma tube extends through openings in the partitions.

Abstract: A solar energy baking apparatus comprises one or more baking containers for receiving material to be baked or dried; reflectors with respect to the baking containers for reflecting solar energy and collecting and focusing the light on the baking containers; and a driving device for moving the reflectors to locate above or below the baking container. The present device may be used to set the baking temperature and the operating time. Through monitoring the controlling device, two driving devices are controlled respectively for operating the baking container, and for causing the reflectors to move to the lower portion of the baking container for reflecting and collecting solar energy, or rotate to the upper portion of the baking container so as to prevent the solar energy to radiate the baking containers. Thus the baking temperature and time are controlled and the process of baking by solar energy is improved.

Abstract: The hands of the timepiece are connected to a barrel spring which also drives the rotor of a generator at a speed greater than a desired speed Vc. The electric energy supplied by the generator energizes a slaving circuit that includes a transistor which short-circuits the coil of the generator and thus brakes the rotor down to a speed less than the desired speed Vc when a comparator indicates that this rotor is ahead with respect to its theoretical angular position. A limiting circuit limits the duration of the braking action of the rotor to a fraction of the period of the a.c. voltage supplied by the generator. This arrangement ensures that the slaving circuit is adequately energized even if the rotor is substantially ahead.