Abstract: An optical m-ary modulator includes an optical loop forming a polarization maintaining closed optical path. A loop input-output unit splits linearly polarized input signal light into a first component and a second component and feeds the first and second components into the optical loop in opposite directions. A pair of phase modulators modulate the first and second components according to respective control signals. The loop input-output unit recombines the modulated first and second components. The optical phase bias unit creates a phase difference between the first and second components so that they combine to form an m-ary modulated optical signal. Since the first and second components travel around the same optical path, when they recombine their phases are correctly aligned, making the modulator immune to environmental effects and permitting the use of high-speed optical modulation techniques.

Abstract: Excitation light is irradiated onto a GaN layer on a silicon carbide substrate constituting a layered product that is set on a stage. Then light is emitted from a defective part caused by a structural defect of the silicon carbide substrate out of the GaN layer. By using this light luminescence phenomena, a position of a defective part of the silicon carbide substrate can be detected.

Abstract: A decoding apparatus includes a standard predicted image generating unit which generates a standard decoded image and a standard predicted image of standard image quality; a non-standard decoded image generating unit which generates a non-standard decoded image different in image quality based on a prediction error information; a non-standard predicted image generating unit which generates a non-standard predicted image different in image quality based on the non-standard decoded image; and a correction value calculating unit which calculates correction values corresponding to differences between the standard and non-standard predicted images. The non-standard decoded image generating unit includes a predicted image reconstructing unit which corrects the non-standard predicted image, and a decoding unit which inverse-quantizes the prediction error information and adds the inverse-quantized prediction error information and the corrected non-standard predicted image to generate the non-standard decoded image.

Abstract: A radio communications apparatus includes a network position detector for detecting information on the position of the communication device on a radio telecommunications network, a network connection detector for detecting the disengagement of the device from the network, and a controller for controlling the transmission timing of join signals. The controller is adapted to vary a transmission timeout period, upon expiring of which a join signal is sent out, depending on the information about the positions on the network. The radio communications device is thus able to decrease the probability of occurrence of collision to thereby reduce the time taken for reestablishing the network.

Abstract: In a packet transfer network node, the receiving ratio of first packets transmitted from its adjacent node is calculated to represent a proportion of the number of the first packets received from each adjacent node to the total number of those packets received from all adjacent nodes. Based on the receiving ratio calculated for a combination of a source and a destination corresponding to the destination and source of the second packets, respectively, the transmitting ratio of second packets is calculated for each adjacent node to define a proportion in which the second packets transmitted from a source corresponding to the destination of the first packets and meant for a destination corresponding to the source of the first packets are to be transmitted to an adjacent communication node. Based upon the transmitting ratios thus calculated, an adjacent node is selected to which a second packet is to be transmitted.

Abstract: An image processing apparatus for receiving a plurality of images, saving the plurality of images, and executing image processing includes an identifying unit for identifying a first image and a second image from the plurality of the images, an image recognizing unit for recognizing information on the second image from the first image, and a processing setting unit for setting processing for the second image based on recognition at the image recognition unit, wherein the images are processed based on the setting set at the processing setting unit, thereby automatically processing documents of plural types and greatly reducing work loads on the operator such as operator's setting paper and instructing start operation.

Abstract: An optical pulse time spreading apparatus wherein an optical splitter divides an input optical pulse into first to U-th input optical pulses; first to U-th optical pulse time spreaders respectively have the first to U-th input optical pulses input thereto and output first to U-th chip pulse sequences each consisting of N chip pulses from a first to an N-th chip pulse arranged in order on a time axis into which the input optical pulse is time-spread; and an interval between adjacent ones of unit FBGs arranged in a p-th optical pulse time spreader and a Bragg reflection wavelength of the unit FBGs in the p-th optical pulse time spreader are set such that spectra of the first to U-th chip pulse sequences are different from each other.

Abstract: A semiconductor light-emitting device capable of increasing an amount of light irradiated to the outside is provided. A semiconductor light-emitting device (1) includes a substrate (2), an n-type semiconductor layer (3), a light-emitting layer (4), a p-type semiconductor layer (5), an n-side pad electrode (6), an n-side pad electrode (7), a p-side electrode (8), a reflecting layer (9), and a p-side pad electrode (10). The n-side pad electrode (7) is electrically connected to the n-type semiconductor layer (3) via the n-side pad electrode (6). The p-side pad electrode (10) is electrically connected to the p-type semiconductor layer (5) via the p-side electrode (8).

Abstract: A cumulative function of image is obtained according to its gray levels of pixels. This function is then mapped to obtain a backlight modulation function according to a reference line. The backlight brightness provided for different regions of the liquid crystal display are decided by the backlight modulation function while displaying the images.

Abstract: A print data generation apparatus includes a pattern data registration unit, a pattern data conversion unit and an image conversion unit. The pattern data registration unit registers pattern data corresponding to a print image readable by an electronic pen printed on a recording medium. The pattern data conversion unit converts the print image into the pattern data registered in the pattern data registration unit. The image conversion unit converts the pattern data converted by the pattern data conversion unit into drawing data of the print image.

Abstract: A gateway device includes a SIP server and a media converter. The SIP server uses media communication control data output from communication terminal devices (CTDs) to discriminate the communication media standards adopted by the CTDs, based on a call control, to call-control the CTDs. The media converter uses the communication media standards discriminated and acquired to convert media data, delivered from the CTDs, involved in communication, to a signal of a relevant communication media standard. The SIP server causes the communication media standard and information used for communication to be stored in an information memory. The media converter includes input/output interfaces, a controller, a media converter circuit and a data switcher. The interfaces verify whether or not the received data is media data, the media converter circuit converts the communication media standard of received media data received from the source CTD to a communication media standard of the destination CTD.

Abstract: A image forming apparatus includes a rotatable image bearing body, an exposing unit that irradiates the image bearing body to form a latent image, a developer bearing body that develops the latent image to form a developer image, a transfer unit that transfers the developer image to a recording medium, a feeding unit that feeds the recording medium, a density detecting unit that detects a developer density of the developer image transferred to the recording medium, and a speed difference control unit that controls a difference of a circumferential speed of the image bearing body and a feeding speed of the recording medium fed by the feeding unit. The speed difference is controlled based on a density of a thin line pattern transferred to the recording medium detected by the density detecting unit.

Abstract: Provided is a self aligned field effect transistor structure. The self aligned field effect transistor structure includes: an active region pattern on a substrate; a first gate electrode and a second gate electrode facing each other with the active region pattern therebetween; and a source electrode and a drain electrode connected to the active region pattern and disposed to be symmetric with respect to a line connecting the first and second gate electrodes, wherein the first and second gate electrodes and the source and drain electrodes are disposed on the same plane of the substrate.

Abstract: A cooling apparatus for server rack is disclosed, which is disposed above at least one server rack. The cooling apparatus for server rack includes a fan module disposed at a back end above the least one server rack, a heat exchanger module disposed at a front end above the least one server rack, and an air guide connecting the fan module and the heat exchanger module. A hot air exhausted from the back end of the least one server rack is extracted by the fan module and is sent to the heat exchanger module through the air guide, and the hot air is cooled by the heat exchanger module, and a cool air is exhausted from the front end of the least one server rack.

Abstract: A method of producing a semiconductor device that has a silicon substrate including a first major surface and a second major surface thereof, a front surface device structure being formed in a region of the first major surface, the method has a step of forming a rear electrode in a region of the second major surface, which includes evaporating or sputtering aluminum-silicon onto the second major surface to form an aluminum silicon film as a first layer of the rear electrode, the aluminum silicon film having a silicon concentration of at least 2 percent by weight when the thickness thereof is less than 0.3 ?m.

Abstract: The present invention provides a heating device of a drinking fountain in a car. It has a helical pipe, a wire net, an iron container, fireproof mud and a car exhaust pipe. The helical pipe is installed outside the car exhaust pipe and the wire net is used to cover the pipes. The iron container covers the wire net, the helical pipe and the car exhaust pipe. Fireproof mud is poured into the reserved space in the iron container and it is sealed completely. One end of the helical pipe is a water outlet, while the other end is a water intake. The car exhaust pipe generates high temperature and heats the helical pipe which is insulated by fireproof mud. When users push the drinking fountain switch, a motor will operate to pump out water from water storage. The water is heated when it goes by the helical pipe.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a substrate with surface substrates by employing photothermal effect is described. Nanoparticles on the surface of the substrate excited by a beam convert light energy to thermal energy. The surface structure on the substrate is formed through the thermal energy generated by the excited nanoparticles. The substrate with plural pores is thus formed.

Abstract: An air conditioning system for communication equipment includes an indoor module placed inside a base station and an outdoor module placed outside the base station. The indoor module has a first indoor heat exchanger installed on a brine pipe and having a heat exchange tube, an expansion valve installed on a refrigerant pipe, a second indoor heat exchanger having a heat exchange tube to which the refrigerant pipe is connected, a compressor for compressing refrigerant, and an indoor blower. The outdoor module has a brine pump installed on the brine pipe, a first outdoor heat exchanger having a heat exchange tube to which the brine pipe extending from the brine pump and the first indoor heat exchanger is connected, a second outdoor heat exchanger having a heat exchange tube to which the refrigerant pipe, extending from the compressor and the expansion valve, is connected, and an outdoor blower.

Abstract: A Non-Continuous Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (NC-OFDM) system may be provided. The NC-OFDM system, including: a sensing unit to determine whether to use at least one frequency band; a band control unit to disable a subcarrier with respect to a frequency band in use as a result of the determination; a pruning determination unit to determine whether a number of points where the subcarrier is disabled is greater than a threshold value; a pruning retrieval unit to retrieve a pruning path generated by the disabling of the subcarrier, when the number of points is greater than the threshold value; and a Fourier transform unit to perform a Fast Fourier transform (FFT) or Inverse FFT (IFFT) by applying the pruning path to the subcarrier.

Abstract: Provided is a millimeter wave band patch antenna. The patch antenna includes a multi-layer substrate, at least one metal pattern layer, an antenna patch, a ground layer, and a plurality of vias. In the multi-layer substrate, a plurality of dielectric layers are stacked. The metal pattern layer is disposed between the dielectric layers except for a center region of the multi-layer substrate. The antenna patch is disposed on an upper surface of the multi-layer substrate in the center region. The ground layer is disposed on a lower surface of the multi-layer substrate opposing to the upper surface. The vias is disposed around the center region through the dielectric layers for electrically connecting the metal pattern layer to the ground layer. The center region, which is surrounded by the ground layer and the vias, functions as a resonator.