Abstract: The component plates stacked in a filter press type structure in a repeated sequence of cathode, separator, anode and conductive plate are of cylindrical shape with an outer frame carrying the channels for supplying and withdrawing the reagents. Hollowed-out inlet and outlet portions communicating with appropriate channels pressing through the frames are provided for passing the reagents across the active portions of the components at a desired cross-feed angle between adjacent units, 30.degree. in one case and 60.degree. in another.

Abstract: A threaded cap screwed into the piston head with a sealed joint to a sleeve tube open and flanged at the other end are provided to encase the clamping screws that fasten the piston head and the upper piston body member and lower piston body member together. The casing thus formed shields the screws from possibly corrosive coolant that under operating conditions could work through the joints between the parts of a composite piston in spite of the clamping pressure of the screws. Each screw is screwed into the threaded cap at the piston head end and its head or a nut bears on the flange of the sleeve tube at the other end. The screws and their protective casings fit within bores in an annular strut forming a large part of the upper piston body member that butts against a low annular ridge on the underside of the piston head into which the end caps of the screw casings are screwed.

Abstract: A coating liquid is squirted through a needle control nozzle directed into open end of internal threads of a fitting or tube and is deflected radially to form a spray cone by an air jet from a revolving nozzle set slightly in front and off the axis of the nozzle for the coating liquid. An end plate affixed to the revolving nozzle limits the forward spread of the spray cone, so that the coating thickness taper is cut off at the inner end of the coating on the threads. The thickness taper produced at the outer end of the threads by the spray cone favors easy engagement of the threads in making a tight threaded joint.

Abstract: The inductance of a coil wound on one end of an elongated rectangular core with an elongated central window is caused to vary by the displacement of a conducting plate or ring arrangement lengthwise of the core. The other end of the core may also be wound with a coil to produce a differential type of transducer. The elongated core may be bent around into a circle in order to provide a transducer for rotational displacement. Additional ferromagnetic bodies in fixed relation to the core or to the short-circuiting rings can be used to modify the translation characteristic.

Abstract: Thorium tetrabromide has been found to exhibit fluorescence and radioluminescence with emission of blue light in the range from 3400 to 4800 A with a maximum around 4000 A in response to electromagnetic waves shorter than 3000 A, whether ultraviolet, X or gamma rays and also in response to energetic charged particle radiation, such as alpha rays, beta rays, protons and heavy ions. Because of the radioactive decay of thorium, there is a background autoluminescence. Crystals of thorium tetrabromide are transparent to its luminescence radiation and are particularly suitable for radiation detectors and measurements, frequency converter, standards, radioisotopic microgenerators of electricity, and the like. They are also useable as neutron flux detectors, for thermal and fast neutrons because the component elements of the crystal react with neutrons to respectively produce neutrons activation reactions and fission reactions.

Abstract: The output of an amplification assembly is coupled with the input of an integrating circuit by means of a first controlled switch. The output of the integrating circuit is coupled with the input of an intermediate stage and subtracted from the amplifier input signal during quiescence of the amplifier. The signal delivered by the amplification assembly is also applied to the input of a logical detection circuit which opens the first switch and closes a second switch discharging the integrating circuit in response to any rapid-variation pulse applied to its input, thus disabling the integration-subtraction operation, but closes the first switch and opens the second to enable integration and subtraction when the signal applied to the input of the detection circuit is steady or is subject only to slow variations.

Abstract: The ignition cable of a motor vehicle engine is permanently connected at each end to the shell component of a connector. Each shell is of the same design and has sawtooth catch ridges. A mating plug connector, for example a apart of an interposed connector housing an interference suppression resistor and fitting onto an electrical component such as a spark plug, distributor cap, spark coil or the like, likewise, has sawtooth catch ridges so that the force for joining the shell and plug is substantially less than necessary for pulling them apart. The steeper sides of the catch ridges on the plug, however, are less steep when the plug is a connection stud of an electrical component of the ignition system, such as the distributor cap, spark coil or the like, so that when the ignition cable is pulled, the cable or interposed connector will come off the distributor cap or spark plug without separating the cable from any detachable "interposition" connector that may be connected to the cable.

Abstract: To detect defective elements in a composite semiconductor unit, such as a plurality of transistors, diodes, or the like, connected together to provide desired output levels, the elements are arranged in the unit, for example by providing coupling resistors, or melt positions in the connections to the respective units so that defective elements in the unit can be recognized and isolated from the remaining, non-defective elements in the unit, so that, overall, a semiconductor unit results which is operative and from which defective sub-elements have been, electrically, removed.

Abstract: A lapping tool for grinding or polishing glass such as optical lens having exact curvature with the lens to be worked is manufactured by pouring a liquid resin into a mold having incompatability with the liquid resin at a portion corresponding to pellets to be adhered onto a blank dish body, and then hardening the resin in the mold, while the blank dish body is being press-contacted against the mold surface thus, molding the pellets onto the tool blank. The mold is shaped to a precise curvature of the lens to be worked by means of a master lapping tool equipped with lapping pellets.

Abstract: To carburize the inner surface of hollow, narrow work pieces, such as valve seats in blind bores, and avoid the use of salt baths which have residues containing Prussic acid, a mandrel is made fitting with little clearance in the order of 0.1 mm into the blind bore, and having a carbon content in the range in which carbon is yielded which is higher than the carbon content of the work piece to be carburized, the mandrel or carburizing element having a surface which fits or matches the surface of the work piece with the clearance. The work piece and the carburizing element are heated to carburizing, incandescent temperature and the carburizing element is removed from the work piece after carburizing thereof.

Abstract: In a digital storage system for oscilloscope trace data, in order to obtain precisely the ordinate of an oscilloscope trace at the intersection of a scanning line therewith in a television camera image of the trace, a scan/trace intersection profile signal is compared with a multiplicity of threshold values to generate a set of rectangular pulses of a duration equal to the threshold-override interval, and the pulse for the highest threshold is selected and processed to determine the true intersection ordinate by forming the half-sum of the ordinates of the leading and trailing edges of the pulse. This ordinate and the line scan number are provided as a pair of digital quantities (addresses) for storage in a digital memory.

Abstract: While a mold assembly providing an antechamber for the mold is fixed in the operating position, another such mold antechamber assembly is set up, adjusted and preheated in a standby position, and mechanical displacement arrangements make possible a rapid substitution of the mold assembly in the standby position for the mold assembly in the operating position, either in case trouble develops with the latter or when it is desired to shift from operations with a mold of one cross section to operations with a mold of another cross section. The cast rod is pulled horizontally out of the mold. Operating and standby positions are provided on a rotatable positioning table. A reservoir oven is arranged for discharging molten metal into the antechamber located in the operating position as needed to maintain the melt level in the antechamber of the operating mold assembly within prescribed limits.

Abstract: An electronic commutation circuit for feeding from a direct-current source an electric motor consisting of a stator with a polyphase winding and a magnetized rotor coupled mechanically with a position and angular speed sensor, comprises for each phase of the stator winding a transistor switching circuit, the operation of the switching circuits being sequentially controlled from signals received from the sensor in such a way that the various phases of the stator winding are fed by a system of polyphase bidirectional currents of substantially sinusoidal form rising and falling in steps, the frequency and phase angle of these currents being determined by the speed of the rotor and by its position relative to the stator. Each of the switching circuits is preceded by an electronic trigger with three stable positions and which delivers a positive, zero or negative voltage to provide control of the binary state of the associated commutation circuit.

Abstract: A single isolation transformer supplies both the remote control receiver and the television receiver. A pulse generator such as a blocking oscillator which energizes the primary winding of the isolation transformer has its pulse width controlled in response to the loading of the circuit of the secondary winding of the isolation transformer, as measured by the voltage across a resistor in the circuit of a primary winding. This measuring resistor is interposed between the emitter of the switching transistor of the blocking oscillator and the receiver chassis. A transistor switching circuit for cutting off the low voltage supply to the scanning circuit oscillators of the television receiver is responsive to the output of the remote control receiver, to a signal from an operating control of the television receiver, and to an indication of overcurrent in the picture tube, independently.

Abstract: A frequency recognition circuit includes a first phase locked loop to detect the carrier tone frequency, which locks to the detected frequency and provides the frequency-modulation frequency to a second PLL for modulation frequency recognition. When the predetermined carrier and modulation frequencies are recognized, an AND-gate provides a signal that removes a short-circuit from a capacitor that then begins to charge through a time constant circuit. The time constant circuit triggers a threshold switch after a period determined as the minimum duration for a signal and the threshold switch operates to advance a flipflop which performs a switching function and, at the same time, changes the time constant circuit so that the threshold switch will operate the next time on a signal of a different minimum duration. The decoder is designed to switch the output of a radio receiver on and off for selectively listening to traffic announcements.

Abstract: A magnetic field, such as produced by a surrounding coil, lowers the breakdown voltage of a gas discharge device in series with a spark plug so that the ignition voltage will preferentially go to that spark plug rather than to others in series with gas discharge devices having no magnetic field. The switching of the field-producing coils of the gas discharge devices in accordance with the firing cycle of an engine may be produced by a transistor switching circuit excited by a simple rotary electric timing device that also times the spark pulses. A gas discharge device for this system is shown having an elongated cup-shaped anode and rodlike cathode, which can also be made to serve as the sealing tube, centered within the anode. Gas discharge devices for this system are shown in U.S. Pat. No. 3,951,144 to the same assignee.

Abstract: This invention relates to a fishing reel for mounting on a fishing rod, said reel comprising a foot, a spool for winding the line and a support attached to said foot, an elastic return member and a control device for the spool, the paying out of the line being done by casting from one side of the spool whose axis is parallel to the fishing rod during this casting operation and in which automatic clamping of the line is effected by rotation of the spool support under the effect of the elastic force of said return member constituted notably in the form of a tension spring and which is fixed on the one hand to the spool support and on the other hand to said foot, said control device being of the lever type and clamping said spool in casting position and causing, on its actuation, the sudden pivoting through 90.degree.

Abstract: A characteristic message exchange procedure is performed by a set of contler units at separate stations and of functionally identical design. The combination of a controller unit and a utilization unit that characterizes the application of the station constitutes a complete station. Among other things, the controller units provide sequencing of the transmitting privilege among the stations one by one. All message data are classified into four basic message models representing the applications of the stations. The stations are interconnected by a single common transmission channel and the controllers are equipped to be sensitive to only four basic message models. No central control unit is required for monitoring transmissions between stations. All active stations receive all messages essentially simultaneously.

Abstract: In the synchronous detection signals of frequency Fo immersed in a noise, an auxiliary signal is produced having a period 1/2 Fo and in the form of a rectified symmetrical wave, by rectifying a symmetrical wave of period 1/Fo. The signal to be filtered is multiplied by the auxiliary signal and synchronous filtering or synchronous detection on the frequency Fo is performed on the signal obtained after the above-mentioned multiplication. Preferably the auxiliary signal is produced in the form of a rectified sinusoidal wave and a square wave reference signal from which the above-mentioned symmetrical wave is derived, having the period 1/Fo, is also used to control the synchronous detection or the synchronous filtering.

Abstract: The conducting path width of a spiral printed circuit coil is reduced for the inside of the spiral coil to obtain more inductance in the same space without substantial sacrifice in Q. In another form of spiral coil with non-constant path width, the path width is reduced in a sector of the coil located between the inner and outer terminals to reduce the distance between terminals with minimum sacrifice in inductance or Q.