Abstract: An endless tape cartridge, preferably for use with magnetic recording-reproducing apparatuses, comprises a plurality of loose rollers opposed to one end face of an endless tape coil in the cartridge and disposed radially of the tape coil. Within the cartridge, brake means having its end face for uniform resilient engagement with the end face of the tape coil is cockably or pivotally mounted. The brake means is arranged so that its resilient pressure force imparted to the coil end face may be released from outside the cartridge through openings formed in the cartridge wall.

Abstract: Waste salt solution from cyclohexanone manufacture is acidulated in a neutralizer, after which the organic phase is separated and subjected to a counter-current extraction with a saturated aqueous solution of mostly monocarboxylic acids separated from a later stage of the process. The watery extract carries off sodium sulphate that would otherwise interfere with further refining and this extract is then returned to the neutralizing vessel where the waste salt solutions are being acidulated, thereby reducing the need for externally supplied water to keep sodium sulphate from precipitating in the neutralizer and also enabling the dissolved monocarboxylic acids to be recovered. The organic phase leaving the counter-current extractor then goes to a flash evaporator in a condition now free of sodium sulphate, so that the evaporator may continuously remove water and monocarboxylic acids, which are then condensed and separated, with the water phase going back to the extractor as previously mentioned.

Abstract: RC low-pass and high-pass filters are fed in common with a demodulated broadcast signal through a noise blanking switch device and the outputs of the respective filters are added in a summing amplifier, of which the output is supplied to the low-frequency stages of the receiver. For stereo reception, the crossover between the filters is made lower than the lowest pilot frequency of the composite demodulated signal, so that the circuit functions as an all-pass filter in the absence of disturbances and stores only the audible frequency program signal for transmission to the low-frequency stages during blanking intervals.

Abstract: A tantalum electrode is provided on a probe dipping into the electrically conducting contents of a reaction vessel of which the steel shell is protected by an enamel layer pierced by one or more protective tantalum plugs and an alternating voltage is applied between the tantalum electrode and the metallic shell of the reaction vessel. Both the electrode and the plug or plugs are provided with a passivating layer by the resulting alternating current and when these layers are formed the current stops except that it continues or starts again when there is a defect in the enamel layer. Very small currents can be used since the a-c component can be filtered and amplified for reliable detection.

Abstract: A device for obturating leaky tubes in heat exchangers, characterized in that it comprises a sleeve adapted to be sealingly mounted in an orifice, or port, of the upper wall of said heat-exchanger, a vertical stem provided, at the lower end thereof, with an arm of variable length at right angles to said stem, the free end of said arm being integral with an assembly carrying a deformable capsule with a vertical axis adapted to penetrate into one of said tubes and to obturate said tube after having been deformed, means integral with said assembly adapted to deform said capsule, means for dissociating said capsule from said assembly, means for carrying said arm to rotate about the vertical axis of said stem, means for vertically moving said arm and means for varying the length of said arm.

Abstract: An additional diode is provided in series with the charging diode through which the storage capacitor of a magneto ignition system is charged and the shutdown switch for the engine is connected between the common connection of the two diodes and the common connection of the magneto generator, and the capacitor diodes, because of their high back resistance, prevent any high positive or negative voltages from appearing across an open shutdown switch.

Abstract: In an ignition system in which the spark coil is wound right on the magneto armature and the spark is produced by electronic interruption of a short circuit across the primary winding, the first of a succession of rectified half waves applied to the electronic circuit unit has its amplitude reduced either by insertion of a circuit component in one half wave path of the rectifier to provide damping, or by the configuration of the armature core, or both. The magneto rotor has a U-shaped permanent magnet, the pole faces on the end of the legs of which are rotated past opposed pole faces of the armature core, which has the desired effect if the latter is of asymmetric U-shape or of symmetrical E-shape.

Abstract: The engine of a motor vehicle is used to accelerate a flywheel up to a suitable test speed through rollers engaged with driven wheels of the vehicle. Then, when the wheels are braked, one torsion coupling gives a signal corresponding to the total braking force on both wheels and another torsion coupling between two of the rollers gives a signal corresponding to the braking force on one wheel. The braking force on the other wheel is obtained through a subtraction circuit. For testing undriven wheels, the flywheel is first brought up to speed by means of a set of driven wheels, then a clutch is released to free the flywheel while the rollers are stopped and the undriven wheel brought into position, after which the clutch is re-engaged and the undriven wheels are tested.

Abstract: A bucket brigade device (BBD) circuit is used to delay the output of the limiter in an FM receiver for use in a coincidence-type FM demodulator to which the undelayed limiter output is also supplied. The BBD circuit is stepped forward by a fixed frequency oscillator of a frequency conversion stage additional to the tunable converter of the receiver and the amount of delay is determined by a frequency division operation as well as the BBD length. The fixed frequency oscillator can be used also for automatic fine tuning and an arrangement for disabling the BBD stepping provides a good form of muting or blanking. The circuits are integrable in monolithic form.

Abstract: Two disturbance recognition circuits are supplied in parallel with the output of the receiver demodulator, one of them having a threshold characteristic with a sensitivity maximum only slightly above the frequency band of the received signal and a steep sensitivity frequency characteristic between that maximum and the upper edge of the signal band, while the other recognition circuit has its sensitivity well above the main sensitivity range of the first-mentioned recognition circuit. An AND-circuit is provided at the ouputs of the recognition circuits so that a blanking pulse will be produced only when both recognition circuits respond. The output pulse of the recognition circuit with the higher frequency sensitivity is broadened so that it will persist in the AND-circuit long enough to allow for the slower response time of the other recognition circuit. Blanking is disabled by a parallel switch when the rate of operation of the AND-circuit reaches a rate at which audible effects would be produced anyway.

Abstract: A relief valve for limiting the pressure of the output of a feed pump being furnished to a main hydraulic pump is provided not only with a bore through the valve disk leading to a chamber at the rear of the guide piston for counteracting, as relief valving continues, the force of the spring tending to keep the valve closed, but also a pressure piston, in the form of an annular flange on the guide piston, subdividing an outer cylindrical space into two chambers respectively connected to a constriction in a hydraulic conduit, so that the amount of flow through the constriction will additionally modify the limit pressure at which relief valving takes place. The device is used to reduce the limit pressure when the feed pump provides excessive oil feed to the main pump.

Abstract: The voltage-to-ground or neutral of one phase conductor of a three-phase line is compared with the mesh or interphase voltage of the other two phases on an amplitude basis and the comparison result is used to trigger a threshold switch if the former is much smaller than the latter. The threshold switch may be connected to the selector of an excitation system of a network protection assembly or a nonselective excitation system may utilize the outputs of the threshold switches for each of the three comparisons, in order to produce selective triggering of a network protection assembly.

Abstract: A frequency sensitive network responsive to frequencies somewhat above the useful signal band of a demodulated radio signal is interconnected with the inputs of a differential amplifier, so that the desired signal and the portions of the interference signals unaffected by the frequency sensitive circuit cancel out and a "stripped" interference signal is obtained which is fed to a transistor circuit that produces trigger pulses for a multivibrator, regardless of which side of the differential amplifier first produces a pulse. The multivibrator provides pulses to a blanking switch and also charges a capacitor in a RC network, in which charge accumulates when the control pulses are bunched closely in time and this effect is used to produce a bias for disabling the provision of trigger pulses to the multivibrator until the capacitor charge leaks off.

Abstract: A film gate formed as one integral unit by molding a black synthetic resin material includes a film gate portion, a recess for receiving a film driving member for reciprocal movement therein, film guide walls, positioning means and protective walls to protect resilient side pressure members from damage from careless loading of a film magazine. The positioning means may be used as reference position to secure the gate unit to a fixed frame of a motion picture apparatus. The side pressure members are formed as extensions of a holding member that also applies resilient force to the film driving member near the root of its film-advancing pawl.

Abstract: An electrically operated recording measuring instrument burns out the trace of a curve on a moving record medium coated on both sides with an evaporated metal layer. The power supply for the burnout current also feeds an auxiliary writing member for burning out an additional trace to isolate an area of the metal layer under the curve and, if desired, to subdivide the area in a similar way. The power supply also furnishes a higher voltage to a test probe for burning out any remaining conducting bridges across the burnout traces before capacitance measurements are made which can read directly in terms of area or relative area. The method and apparatus are particularly usable for photoelectrically evaluating blood samples treated by electrophoresis to separate the proteins.

Abstract: In a lens structure having a movable portion, a pair of movable lenses and holder frames therefor are slidably fitted together within a guide cylinder, and a stationary cylindrical light shield is provided to cover the surface of the guide cylinder along which the lens holder frames are slidable. The frames each have a pair of radial connecting spokes extending through slots in the light shield, to connect the support of the movable lenses to the sliding member guided by the guide cylinder, so that the light shield extends to beyond the rearmost position of the forward movable lens and undesired reflection at the sliding surfaces of the movable lens frame and of the guide cylinder is prevented.

Abstract: Auxiliary spark gaps with magnetically or electromagnetically controllable gap spacing and gas-filled envelopes are used for distributing ignition pulses to the sparkplugs of a multicylinder internal combustion engine. A moving permanent magnet sequentially reduces the gap width in the firing order in a magnetically operated system. In an electromagnetically operated system, each gap device has a control and a switching circuit operating at low voltage and energizing the coils in turn.

Abstract: An information displaying apparatus includes, bundles of optical fibers with their ends coplanar and disposed in line. A movable masking member imposes information on the light input to the fiber array. At the output end, information markings are selectively illuminated or otherwise luminously designated to display various kinds of information. Displaying means may be disposed within a view finder or on the outer casing of a camera. An artificial light source operates to provide light through the masking member and may be switched on manually or automatically when needed for information display.

Abstract: The output of an oxygen sensor is fed in parallel to the inputs of amplifiers having amplification in different portions of the sensor output range and having different gain. The amplifier outputs are combined in a summing circuit. The result is to smooth out the characteristic of the measurement and to produce a signal that can drive an indicator to provide a meaningful indication in terms of air number. The temperature of the oxygen sensor must be regulated or compensated for for good results.

Abstract: To decrease the lifetime of minority carriers and thus increase switching speed, gold is diffused into a silicon body, the gold being applied by first electroless applying a nickel layer to a single crystal silicon to activate the silicon for reception of gold; and then, electroless applying the gold layer over the silicon layer. In accordance with a preferred process, the electrolessly applied nickel layer is sintered, a second nickel layer is applied thereover and the gold then applied over the second additional nickel layer. A further layer of nickel can be applied electrolessly, over which gold is applied to form a contact surface to which a contact wire can be soldered or fused.