Abstract: A semiconductor memory device capable of suppressing an increase in power consumption and avoiding data destruction due to the row hammer problem is provided. The semiconductor memory device includes a refresh control unit (first control unit) that sets a memory cell refresh interval based on information about a memory cell refresh interval included in a predetermined command input from the outside.

Abstract: In accordance with one embodiment, an automated probe system includes a probe configured to be reversibly inserted into a live body part, a robotic arm attached to the probe and configured to manipulate the probe, a first sensor configured to track movement of the probe during an insertion and a reinsertion of the probe in the live body part, a second sensor configured to track movement of the live body part, and a controller configured to calculate an insertion path of the probe in the live body part based on the tracked movement of the probe during the insertion, and calculate a reinsertion path of the probe based on the calculated insertion path while compensating for the tracked movement of the live body part, and send control commands to the robotic arm to reinsert the probe in the live body part according to the calculated reinsertion path.

Abstract: An electronic device includes a command generation circuit configured to generate a refresh command and a driving control signal, which are enabled during an all-bank refresh operation, according to a logic level combination of an internal chip selection signal and an internal command address. The electronic device also includes a buffer control circuit configured to generate, from the refresh command and the driving control signal, a first buffer enable signal for enabling a first group of buffers and a second buffer enable signal for enabling a second group of buffers.

Abstract: An integrated circuit includes a plurality of memory cells, a first pair of complementary data lines, and a second pair of complementary data lines. The plurality of memory cells include a first array of memory cells and a second array of memory cells. The first pair of complementary data lines are coupled to the first array of memory cells. The second pair of complementary data lines are different from the first pair of complementary data lines and are coupled to the second array of memory cells. A number of memory cells in the first array of memory cells is different from a number of memory cells in the second array of memory cells.

Abstract: Memory devices, memory cell strings and methods of operating memory devices are shown. Configurations described include directly coupling an elongated body region to a source line. Configurations and methods shown should provide a reliable bias to a body region for memory operations such as erasing.

Abstract: A steerable endoscope is provided with active steering control. An endoscope includes a flexible tubular body with first and second articulating segments, and a camera. In an embodiment, the endoscope includes an orientation sensor. A controller for the endoscope performs an automated analysis of an alignment between the motion axis of the endoscope and the viewing axis of the camera, and actively steers the endoscope to improve the alignment.

Abstract: A storage device includes a memory device and a memory controller. The memory device stores a history read table including root bit information, read voltage information, and error bit information on each of a plurality of memory blocks, and performs a read operation of reading data stored in the plurality of memory blocks based on the history read table. When the read operation fails, a memory controller changes a level of a read voltage, and controls the memory device to perform a read retry operation of retrying the read operation by using the changed read voltage. When the read retry operation passes, the memory controller determines whether the history read table is to be updated by comparing the root bit information of the read retry operation with the root bit information of the history read table.

Abstract: An insertion support system includes a state acquisition apparatus configured to acquire first information. The first information includes at least one of: a plurality of pieces of position information related to a plurality of positions of an insertion section to be inserted into an insertion target body; and a plurality of pieces of direction vector information in a longitudinal axis direction of the insertion section. The insertion support system also includes a support information calculator configured to calculate second information related to a rotation quantity of the insertion section based on the first information, and an output section configured to output the second information.

Abstract: Disclosed in some examples are NAND devices, firmware, systems, methods, and devices that apply smart algorithms to process ECC errors by taking advantage of excess overprovisioning. In some examples, when the amount of overprovisioned blocks are above a predetermined threshold, a first ECC block error handling mode may be implemented and when the overprovisioned blocks are equal or less than the predetermined threshold, a second mode of ECC block error handling may be utilized.

Abstract: A medical endoscopy/stereo colposcopy instrument is configured to selectively take stereo colposcopy images of a patient's uterus and endoscopy images of the patient's bladder or uterus. Any of the images can be white light images or images for a selected narrow wavelength band or fluorescence images. The images can be displayed individually or as spatially registered composite images to highlight selected features of the imaged anatomy. A cup-shaped device can be positioned at the patient's cervix and provided with a light source and a fluorescence camera module to monitor changes in fluorescence in response to a photoactivated substance.

Abstract: A shared-housing ultrasound transducer and machine-vision camera system is disclosed for registering the transducer's x, y, z position in space and pitch, yaw, and roll orientation with respect to an object, such as a patient's body. The position and orientation are correlated with transducer scan data, and scans of the same region of the object are compared in order to reduce ultrasound artifacts and speckles. The system can be extended to interoperative gamma probes or other non-contact sensor probes and medical instruments. Methods are disclosed for computer or remote guiding of a sensor probe or instrument with respect to saved positions and orientations of the sensor probe.

Abstract: A memory cell arrangement is provided that may include: a plurality of first control lines; a plurality of second control lines; a plurality of third control lines; each of a plurality of memory cell sets includes memory cells and is assigned to a corresponding one of the plurality of first control lines and includes at least a first memory cell subset addressable via the corresponding first control line, a corresponding one of the plurality of second control lines, and the plurality of third control lines, and at least a second memory cell subset addressable via the corresponding first control line, the plurality of second control lines, and a corresponding one of the plurality of third control lines. The corresponding one of the plurality of third control lines addresses the second memory cell subset of each memory cell set of the plurality of memory cell sets.

Abstract: A memory device includes a page made of a plurality of memory cells arranged in rows on a substrate. A page write operation is performed, during which, in each of the memory cells included in the page, a first voltage V1 is applied to a first drive control line PL, a second voltage V2 is applied to a word line WL, a third voltage V3 is applied to a source line SL, a fourth voltage V4 is applied to a bit line BL, a group of holes generated by an impact ionization phenomenon is retained in an inside of the channel semiconductor layer. A page erase operation is performed, during which the voltages to be applied to the first drive control line PL, the word line WL, the source line SL, and the bit line BL are controlled to discharge the group of holes from the inside of the channel semiconductor layer, and the voltage of the channel semiconductor layer is decreased.

Abstract: Described herein are devices for reversibly constraining an endoscope. Such devices may comprise: a base positionable proximate a patient; a column extending vertically from the base; an arm extending horizontally from the column; and a clamp coupled to the arm. In some embodiments, the clamp comprises a holder comprising an annular ring defining an endoscope receiving area or a first sidewall and a second sidewall together defining an endoscope receiving area. The holder is transitionable between a first configuration in which the annular ring or the first and second sidewall are configured to set apart from an endoscope in the endoscope receiving area and a second configuration in which the annular ring or the first and second sidewall are configured to clamp the endoscope in the endoscope receiving area.

Abstract: A defect detecting method for a Word Line (WL) driving circuit includes: m WLs correspondingly connected to m different WL driving circuits are selected from a memory cell array and corresponding WL driving circuit arrays to serve as m WLs to be tested, one of which is set as a first WL and the remaining m-1 ones are set as second WLs; first potential is written into memory cells correspondingly connected to the m WLs to be tested; second potential is written into memory cells correspondingly connected to the first WL; real-time potentials of the memory cells connected to respective second WLs are sequentially read, and when difference value between the real-time potential of one target memory cell and the first potential is greater than first pre-set value, it is determined that the WL driving circuit connected to the second WL corresponding to the target memory cell has a defect.

Abstract: Provided is an endoscope capable of operating a bending part with a higher degree of freedom while enabling a related-art operation of moving a pair of bending operating wires forward and backward. The endoscope has an insertion part having a bendable bending part; an operating part continuously provided on a proximal end side of the insertion part; a pair of bending operating wires inserted into the insertion part and fixed to a distal end side of the insertion part; a first bending operating mechanism that operates the bending part by moving the pair of bending operating wires forward and backward in conjunction with each other; and a second bending operating mechanism that operates the bending part by independently moving the pair of bending operating wires forward and backward.

Abstract: A method includes determining whether a data reliability parameter associated with a set of memory cells is greater than a threshold data reliability parameter and in response to determining that the data reliability parameter is greater than the threshold data reliability parameter, performing an error recovery operation. The method further includes, subsequent to performing the error recovery operation, determining whether the data reliability parameter associated with the set of memory cells is less than the threshold data reliability parameter and in response to determining that the data reliability parameter is less than the threshold data reliability parameter, setting an offset associated with the error recovery operation as a default read voltage for the set of memory cells.

Abstract: A detachable endoscope having a buffer function includes: an operation part for operating the front end of an insertion part having an illuminating photographing part to be bent and a detachable unit for detachably coupling the insertion part and the operation part, wherein the detachable unit includes: a first detachable module connected to the respective other ends of first, second, third, and fourth operation wires having the respective one ends connected to the front end inside the insertion part and provided on the rear end of the insertion part, and a second detachable module connected to first, second, third, and fourth connection wires of a direction conversion part for converting a rotational motion into a linear motion in the operation part and provided on the front end of the operation part.

Abstract: A detachable endoscope includes: an operation part for operating the front end of an insertion part having a lighting photographing part to be bent and a detachable unit for detachably coupling the operation part and the insertion part, wherein the detachable unit includes: a first detachable module connected to first, second, third, and fourth operation wires arranged parallel to each other so that the respective one ends are connected to the front end inside the insertion part and provided on the rear end of the insertion part, a second detachable module connected to first, second, third, and fourth connection wires of a direction conversion part for converting a rotational motion into a linear motion in the operation part and provided on the front end of the operation part, and a bending control part for adjusting an angle at which the front end of the insertion part is bent and displaced vertically or horizontally.

Abstract: A handle for endoscope including a handle housing, an operating member (7) accommodated in said handle housing, at least one guide tube (16) adapted for surrounding and supporting at least one pull wire (17), and an anchoring block (15). The anchoring block (15) comprises at least one bore (20) adapted for insertion of said at least one guide tube (16) and at least one inlet passage in fluid communication with said at least one bore.