Abstract: A circuit component that exhibits a region of negative differential resistance includes: a first layer of material; and a second layer of material in contact with the first layer of material, the contact forming a first self-heating interface. The first self-heating interface is structured such that an electrical current flowing from the first layer of material to the second layer of material encounters an electrical impedance occurring at the first interface that is greater than any electrical impedance occurring in the first and second layers of material, wherein heating occurring at the first interface is dominated by Joule heating caused by the electrical impedance occurring at the first interface, and wherein the electrical impedance occurring at the first interface decreases with increasing temperature to induce a region of negative differential resistance.

Abstract: A system for re-initializing a memory array is described. The system includes a processor and a memory array communicatively coupled to the processor. The system also includes a memory manager. The memory manager includes an establish module to establish a reference state for the memory array. The reference state includes a number of target resistance values for the memory array. The memory manager includes a write module to write data to the memory array. The memory manager includes a re-initialize module to re-initialize the memory array to the established reference state.

Abstract: A charge trapping memristor is disclosed. An example charge trapping memristor includes a first electrode and second electrode configured on opposite sides of a channel to generate an electric potential across the channel, and a charge barrier. The example charge trapping memristor also includes a charge trapping material configured to store and release an electric charge therein, wherein storing and releasing the electric charge changes electrical properties of the channel.

Abstract: A device includes a cross-point array and an access circuit to access subsets of memory elements respectively corresponding to encoded blocks of data. For each of the subsets of memory elements, a row or a column of the cross-point array that includes a first memory element in the subset and a second memory element in the subset further includes a third memory element that is between the first and second memory elements along the row or column and is in one of the subsets corresponding to another of the encoded blocks.

Abstract: A memristor device with a thermally-insulating cladding includes a first electrode, a second electrode, a memristor, and a thermally-insulating cladding. The memristor is coupled in electrical series between the first electrode and the second electrode. The thermally-insulating cladding surrounds at least a portion of the memristor.

Abstract: According to an example, methods for forming three-dimensional (3-D) nano-particle assemblies include depositing SES elements onto respective tips of nano-fingers, in which the nano-fingers are arranged in sufficiently close proximities to each other to enable the tips of groups of adjacent ones of the nano-fingers to come into sufficiently close proximities to each other to enable the SES elements on the tips to be bonded together when the nano-fingers are partially collapsed. The methods also include causing the nano-fingers to partially collapse toward adjacent ones of the nano-fingers to cause a plurality of SES elements on respective groups of the nano-fingers to be in relatively close proximities to each other and form respective clusters of SES elements, introducing additional particles that are to attach onto the clusters of SES elements, and causing the clusters of SES elements to detach from the nano-fingers.

Abstract: A nonlinear memristor device with a three-layer selector includes a memristor in electrical series with a three-layer selector. The memristor comprises at least one electrically conducting layer and at least one electrically insulating layer. The three-layer selector comprises a three-layer structure selected from the group consisting of XN—XO—XN; XN—YO—ZN: XN—YO—XN; XO—XN—XO; XO—YN—XO; XO—YN—ZO; XO—YO—XO; XO—YO—ZO; XN—YN—ZN; and XN—YN—XN, X represents a compound-forming metal different from Y and Z.

Abstract: A reflective color display has at least a color pixel disposed to receive ambient light for front lighting and has a light source optically coupled to the color pixel to provide back light for backlighting. The color pixel has a first sub-pixel and a second sub-pixel. The first sub-pixel has a first luminescent layer with a luminescent material for converting a portion of the ambient light spectrum into light of a first color. An unpatterned mirror is disposed under the luminescent layer of the first sub-pixel and extends through the first and second sub-pixels. The unpatterned mirror reflects at least light of the first color while transmitting the back light to the first luminescent layer for conversion by the first luminescent material into light of the first color.

Abstract: A scattering spectroscopy nanosensor includes a nanoscale-patterned sensing substrate to produce an optical scattering response signal indicative of a presence of an analyte when interrogated by an optical stimulus. The scattering spectroscopy nanosensor further includes a protective covering to cover and protect the nanoscale-patterned sensing substrate. The protective covering is to be selectably removed by exposure to an optical beam incident on the protective covering. The protective covering is to prevent the analyte from interacting with the nanoscale-patterned sensing substrate prior to being removed.

Abstract: The present disclosure is directed towards emissive dendrimer compositions, luminescence-based pixels, luminescence-based sub-pixels, and associated methods with an emissive dendrimer having various structures as described herein.

Abstract: An x-ray/gamma ray imaging apparatus includes a pixilated x-ray/gamma ray detector (3) including a member configured to detect incident x-ray/gamma ray wavelength photons, a position for a body under test (2), an x-ray or gamma ray source (1), and a structure configured to perturb the energy spectrum (6), each lying on a common axis. The source is arranged to direct an x-ray gamma ray energy spectrum along the common axis to impinge upon a structure configured to perturb the x-ray energy spectrum and a positioned body/object under test. The structure and the position for the body under test lie between the source and the detector member, and the structure includes at least three adjacent regions, each region different to immediately adjacent regions and configured to perturb the x-ray energy spectrum differently. Detected photons are subject to a random noise reduction algorithm.

Abstract: Liquid crystal coupled light modulation includes a light guide to guide light by total internal reflection (TIR), a diffraction grating and a liquid crystal sandwiched between the diffraction grating and the light guide. The liquid crystal has a state with a first refractive index to defeat TIR and another state with a second refractive index to facilitate TIR at a surface of the light guide. The liquid crystal in the first refractive index state is to couple out a portion of the guided light to the diffraction grating and the diffraction grating is to provide diffractive redirection of the coupled portion out of the light modulator.

Abstract: A reflective color display pixel has a top surface for receiving ambient light, and a plurality of sub-pixels including a first sub-pixel and a second sub-pixel. The first sub-pixel has a luminescent layer for absorbing a portion of the ambient light and emitting light of a first color. The second sub-pixel has a color tunable reflector for reflecting the ambient light in a selected band.

Abstract: A scattering spectroscopy nanosensor includes a nanoscale-patterned sensing substrate to produce an optical scattering response signal indicative of a presence of an analyte when interrogated by an optical stimulus. The scattering spectroscopy nanosensor further includes a protective covering to cover and protect the nanoscale-patterned sensing substrate. The protective covering is to be selectably removed by exposure to an optical beam incident on the protective covering. The protective covering is to prevent the analyte from interacting with the nanoscale-patterned sensing substrate prior to being removed.

Abstract: A light modulator includes a light guide to guide light by total internal reflection, a diffraction grating at a surface of the light guide, and a liquid crystal in contact with the diffraction grating. The liquid crystal has a first state with a first refractive index that substantially matches a refractive index of a material of the diffraction grating to defeat the diffractive coupling. The liquid crystal has a second state with a second refractive index that differs from the first refractive index to facilitate the diffractive coupling.

Abstract: An x-ray detector apparatus includes at least one x-ray detector (3) having a position for a material under test (2), an x-ray source (1), and a plurality of structures (4) each configured to perturb an x-ray energy spectrum differently. The structures (4) may be placed in the path of the x-ray energy spectrum sequentially or concurrently. A plurality of x-ray detectors (3) may be formed into a linear array.

Abstract: An x-ray X-ray imaging apparatus includes an x-ray detector (3) that is configured to convert incident x-ray wavelength photons directly into electronic signals, a position for a material under test (2), an x-ray source (1), and a structure (4) configured to perturb an x-ray energy spectrum, each lying on a common axis. The x-ray source (1) is arranged to direct an x-ray energy spectrum along the common axis to impinge upon the member, the structure (4) configured to perturb the x-ray energy spectrum, and positioned material under test (2). The structure (4) lies between the x-ray source (1) and the member to one side of the position for material under test (2) intersecting the common axis, and the structure (4) includes at least three adjacent regions, each region different to immediately adjacent regions and configured to perturb the x-ray energy spectrum differently.

Abstract: A dual-sided display includes outer layers switchable between a transparent state and an opaque state and inner layers disposed between the outer layers and switchable between the transparent state and a colored state.

Abstract: Polarization selective surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) includes a plurality of nanofingers arranged as a SERS multimer to exhibit a polarization-dependent plasmonic mode and one or both of a stimulus source and a Raman detector. The stimulus source is to illuminate the SERS multimer with a stimulus signal and the Raman detector is to detect a Raman scattering signal emitted by an analyte in a vicinity of the SERS multimer. One or both of the Raman scattering signal has a polarization state dictated by or associated with the polarization-dependent plasmonic mode and the stimulus signal has a polarization state corresponding to the polarization-dependent plasmonic mode.

Abstract: An assembly corresponding to a pixel includes sub-assemblies that each correspond to a sub-pixel of the pixel. At least one of the sub-assemblies includes a luminescent fluid, black particles and a mirror. The luminescent fluid converts wavelengths of light less than a conversion wavelength of the sub-assembly to the conversion wavelength. The black particles are positionable within luminescent fluid in accordance with a color to be displayed by the assembly. The mirror is disposed at a bottom end of the sub-assembly.