Abstract: Communication apparatus includes a memory, which is configured to hold data packets, having respective packet sizes, for transmission over a data link, and a transmitter, which is configured to transmit the data packets over the data link at a bit rate determined by a wire speed of the data link. A shaper is coupled to throttle transmission of the data packets by the transmitter responsively to the respective packet sizes, whereby some of the data packets are transmitted over the data link at a transmission rate that is less than the bit rate.

Abstract: Communication apparatus includes multiple interfaces configured to be connected to a packet data network for receiving and forwarding of data packets of multiple types. A memory is coupled to the interfaces and configured as a buffer to contain packets received through the ingress interfaces while awaiting transmission to the network via the egress interfaces. Packet processing logic is configured to maintain multiple transmit queues, which are associated with respective ones of the egress interfaces, and to place both first and second queue entries, corresponding to first and second data packets of the first and second types, respectively, in a common transmit queue for transmission through a given egress interface, while allocating respective spaces in the buffer to store the first and second data packets against separate, first and second buffer allocations, which are respectively assigned to the first and second types of the data packets.

Abstract: Communication apparatus includes multiple interfaces configured for connection to a packet data network. A memory, coupled to the interfaces, is configured as a shared buffer to contain packets in multiple sets of queues for transmission to the network. Each set of queues receives in the shared buffer a respective allocation having an allocation size that varies over time in response to an amount of space in the shared buffer that is unused at any given time. A controller is configured to apply congestion control to a respective fraction of the packets that are queued for transmission from each set of queues in the shared buffer to the network, such that the respective fraction is set for each set of queues at any given time in response to a relation between a length of the queues in the set and the allocation size of the respective allocation at the given time.

Abstract: Communication apparatus includes multiple ports configured to serve as ingress ports and egress ports for connection to a packet data network. A single memory array is coupled to the ports and configured to contain both a respective headroom allocation for each ingress port and a shared buffer holding data packets for transmission in multiple queues via the egress ports. Control logic is configured to adjustably allocate to each ingress port a respective volume of memory within the single memory array to serve as the respective headroom allocation, and to queue the data packets in the multiple queues in the single memory array for transmission through the egress ports.

Abstract: A switching device includes a plurality of ports and a switching core, which is coupled to transfer data packets between ingress and egress ports. Switching logic maintains a descriptor queue containing respective descriptors corresponding to the data packets that have been received and queued by the ports, and responsively to the respective descriptors, instructs the switching core to transfer the queued data packets between the ports. Port logic, which is associated with each port, is configured, upon receipt of a data packet from the network at the port, to signal the switching logic to place a descriptor corresponding to the data packet in the descriptor queue and, upon identifying the data packet as meeting a predefined criterion, to convey a request to the switching logic, bypassing the descriptor queue, to instruct the switching core to transfer the data packet immediately to an egress port.

Abstract: Communication apparatus includes multiple ports for connection to a packet data network. A memory contains, for each port, a respective first, fixed headroom allocation to hold packets received from the network through the port and to contain a shared headroom buffer, which is available to be shared among a plurality of the ports. Flow-control logic allocates to each of the ports, within the shared headroom buffer, a respective second, variable headroom allocation, which varies responsively to fill levels of the respective first headroom allocation and of the shared headroom buffer, thereby defining, for each of the ports, a respective total headroom allocation comprising the respective first and second headroom allocations. The logic is configured to apply flow-control operations in response to the packets received from the network through each port responsively to a total fill level of the respective total headroom allocation of the port.

Abstract: Communication apparatus includes multiple interfaces connected to a packet data network. A memory is coupled to the interfaces and configured as a buffer to contain packets received through ingress interfaces while awaiting transmission to the network via respective egress interfaces. Packet processing logic is configured, upon receipt of a multicast packet through an ingress interface, to identify a number of the egress interfaces through which respective copies of the multicast packet are to be transmitted, to allocate a space in the buffer for storage of a single copy of the multicast packet, to replicate and transmit multiple copies of the stored copy of the multicast packet through the egress interfaces, to maintain a count of the replicated copies that have been transmitted, and when the count reaches the identified number, to release the allocated space in the buffer.

Abstract: A switching device includes a plurality of ports and a switching core, which is coupled to transfer data packets between ingress and egress ports. Switching logic maintains a descriptor queue containing respective descriptors corresponding to the data packets that have been received and queued by the ports, and responsively to the respective descriptors, instructs the switching core to transfer the queued data packets between the ports. Port logic, which is associated with each port, is configured, upon receipt of a data packet from the network at the port, to signal the switching logic to place a descriptor corresponding to the data packet in the descriptor queue and, upon identifying the data packet as meeting a predefined criterion, to convey a request to the switching logic, bypassing the descriptor queue, to instruct the switching core to transfer the data packet immediately to an egress port.

Abstract: A method for communication includes storing packets received from a sending node over a communication link in a receive buffer of a receiving node. The receive buffer includes one or more blocks having a first block size. A first credit count, corresponding to a number of available blocks in the receive buffer, is derived. The first credit count is converted to a second credit count so as to represent an available space in the receive buffer in accordance with a second block size, which is different from the first block size. A transmission rate of the sending node is controlled by publishing the second credit count to the sending node over the communication link.

Abstract: Communication apparatus includes multiple ports for connection to a packet data network. A memory contains, for each port, a respective first, fixed headroom allocation to hold packets received from the network through the port and to contain a shared headroom buffer, which is available to be shared among a plurality of the ports. Flow-control logic allocates to each of the ports, within the shared headroom buffer, a respective second, variable headroom allocation, which varies responsively to fill levels of the respective first headroom allocation and of the shared headroom buffer, thereby defining, for each of the ports, a respective total headroom allocation comprising the respective first and second headroom allocations. The logic is configured to apply flow-control operations in response to the packets received from the network through each port responsively to a total fill level of the respective total headroom allocation of the port.

Abstract: Communication apparatus includes multiple interfaces configured for connection to a packet data network. A memory, coupled to the interfaces, is configured as a shared buffer to contain packets in multiple sets of queues for transmission to the network. Each set of queues receives in the shared buffer a respective allocation having an allocation size that varies over time in response to an amount of space in the shared buffer that is unused at any given time. A controller is configured to apply congestion control to a respective fraction of the packets that are queued for transmission from each set of queues in the shared buffer to the network, such that the respective fraction is set for each set of queues at any given time in response to a relation between a length of the queues in the set and the allocation size of the respective allocation at the given time.

Abstract: A switching apparatus includes multiple ports, each including a respective buffer, and a switch controller. The switch controller is configured to concatenate the buffers of at least an input port and an output port selected from among the multiple ports for buffering traffic of a long-haul link, which is connected to the input port and whose delay exceeds buffering capacity of the buffer of the input port alone, and to carry out end-to-end flow control for the long haul link between the output port and the input port.

Abstract: A method for communication includes storing packets received from a sending node over a communication link in a receive buffer of a receiving node. The receive buffer includes one or more blocks having a first block size. A first credit count, corresponding to a number of available blocks in the receive buffer, is derived. The first credit count is converted to a second credit count so as to represent an available space in the receive buffer in accordance with a second block size, which is different from the first block size. A transmission rate of the sending node is controlled by publishing the second credit count to the sending node over the communication link.

Abstract: A switching apparatus includes multiple ports, each including a respective buffer, and a switch controller. The switch controller is configured to concatenate the buffers of at least an input port and an output port selected from among the multiple ports for buffering traffic of a long-haul link, which is connected to the input port and whose delay exceeds buffering capacity of the buffer of the input port alone, and to carry out end-to-end flow control for the long haul link between the output port and the input port.

Abstract: A method in a communication network includes defining a root congestion condition for a network switch if the switch creates congestion in the network while switches downstream are congestion free, and a victim congestion condition if the switch creates the congestion as a result of one or more other congested switches downstream. A buffer fill level in a first switch, created by network traffic, is monitored. A binary notification is received from a second switch, which is connected to the first switch. A decision whether the first switch or the second switch is in a root or a victim congestion condition is made, based on both the buffer fill level and the binary notification. A network congestion control procedure is applied based on the decided congestion condition.

Abstract: Provided is a film having a thickness of less than 500 ?m comprising a polymer and a plurality of surface-modified hexagonal boron nitride particles dispersed therewithin. The polymers can be polyimide or epoxy. A process for preparing the film by casting is provided.

Abstract: A method for communication, in a network element that includes multiple ports, includes buffering data packets entering the network element via the ports in input buffers that are respectively associated with the ports. Storage of the data packets is shared among the input buffers by evaluating a condition related to the ports, and, when the condition is met, moving at least one data packet from a first input buffer of a first port to a second input buffer of a second port, different from the first port. Respective output ports, via which the buffered data packets are to exit the network element, are selected from among the ports. The buffered data packets are forwarded to the selected output ports.

Abstract: The present invention deals with a novel coated article comprising a substrate and a curable adhesive bonding layer in adhering contact with said substrate wherein said substrate is a polymeric sheet or film and said curable adhesive bonding layer comprises a curable composition comprising a bis-benzoxazine and an amino-functionalized triazine composition. The coated article hereof is useful in the manufacture of encapsulated printed wiring boards, especially flexible printed wiring boards.

Abstract: The present invention deals with a novel multi-layer article useful for preparing flexible printed wiring boards, the multi-layer article comprising discrete conductive pathways contacting a novel curable composition comprising bis-benzoxazine and an amino-functionalized triazine, especially a di-isoimide, and the preparation of encapsulated printed wiring boards, especially flexible printed wiring boards, therefrom. The multi-layer article hereof allows the benefits of bis-benzoxazine as a crosslinkable encapsulant for flexible printed wiring boards to be realized at cure temperatures compatible with existing commercial processes.

Abstract: The present invention deals with a novel curable composition comprising bis-benzoxazine and an amine-functionalized triazine, especially a di-isoimide, and the use thereof in the preparation of encapsulated printed wiring boards, especially flexible printed wiring boards. The curable composition hereof beneficially effects crosslinking of bis-benzoxazine at a lower temperature than has heretofore been provided in the art.