Abstract: A light guide may include a light guide core, light-extracting elements and cladding layers having lower refractive indices than that of the light guide core. The light guide may be a component of a front light system for a display. The display may be a reflective display, such as a reflective liquid crystal display (LCD). One cladding layer may include color filters for the display and may be disposed between the light guide and the display. The front light system may include a light source system capable of providing light (which may be polarized) to the light guide. The light-extracting elements may be capable of extracting light from the light guide and providing extracted light to the display, via the color filters. The light-extracting elements may include electrodes, such as electrodes for a touch sensor system.

Abstract: This disclosure provides systems, methods and apparatus for an electromechanical systems reflective display device. In one aspect, an electromechanical systems display device includes a reflective layer and an absorber layer. The absorber layer is spaced apart from the reflective layer to define a cavity between the absorber layer and the reflective layer. The absorber layer is capable of transmitting light into the cavity, absorbing light, and reflecting light, and includes a metal layer. A plurality of matching layers are on a surface of the absorber layer facing away from the cavity, the plurality of matching layers including a first matching layer disposed on the absorber layer and a second matching layer disposed on the first matching layer.

Abstract: A display apparatus may include a multi-state IMOD, such as an analog IMOD (AIMOD), a 3-state IMOD (such as having a white state, a black state and one colored state) or a 5-state IMOD (such as having a white state, a black state and three colored states). The multi-state IMOD may include a movable reflective layer and an absorber stack. The absorber stack may include a first absorber layer having a first absorption coefficient and a first absorption peak at a first wavelength, a second absorber layer having a second absorption coefficient and a second absorption peak at a second wavelength, and a third absorber layer having a third absorption coefficient and a third absorption peak at a third wavelength. The first, second and third absorption layers may have absorption levels that drop to nearly zero at the center of each neighboring absorber layer's absorption peak.

Abstract: This disclosure provides systems, methods, and apparatus for an analog or multistate electromechanical systems display devices including movable absorber together with a movable reflective layers. In one aspect, an electromechanical systems display device may include a movable reflector assembly and a movable absorber assembly. The absorber assembly may be disposed between the reflector assembly and a substrate. The absorber assembly may be configured to move to an absorber white state position proximate the reflector assembly and defining a first gap when the reflector assembly is in a reflector white/black position. The absorber assembly may be configured to move to a closed position closer to the substrate, defining a second gap, when the reflector assembly is in the reflector white/black position. The reflector assembly may be configured to move from the reflector white/black position to increase a height of the second gap when the absorber assembly is in the closed position.

Abstract: This disclosure provides systems, methods and apparatus for enhancing the brightness and/or contrast ratio of display devices. In one aspect, the display devices can include a light redirector that is optically coupled with a diffuser. The light redirector includes a plurality of holographic features that can receive near-collimated light at non-normal angles with respect to a normal to a surface of the light redirector and redirects the received light along a direction that is substantially normal to the surface.

Abstract: This disclosure provides systems, methods and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on computer storage media, for making and controlling single-mirror interferometric modulators (IMODs), which may be multi-state IMODs or analog IMODs. In one aspect, a movable reflector stack or an absorber stack of an IMOD may include at least one protrusion that is configured to cause the movable reflector stack to be tilted relative to the absorber layer when the movable reflector stack is moved close to the absorber stack. The protrusion may be configured to cause color averaging when the IMOD is in a white state. The absorber stack may include an absorber layer having a lower extinction coefficient value at a red wavelength and a higher extinction coefficient value at a blue wavelength.

Abstract: An optical touch sensor may include traces of photoconductive material formed on a substantially transparent substrate. Each photoconductive trace may be capable of responding to an incident light intensity increase on a portion of the photoconductive trace by increasing the number of charged carriers, thereby raising the electrical conductivity of that portion of the photoconductive trace. An incident light intensity decrease on a portion of the photoconductive trace will lower the electrical conductivity of that portion of the photoconductive trace. The corresponding changes in voltage may be measured by circuits that include conductive traces formed substantially perpendicular to, and configured for electrical connection with, the traces of photoconductive material. A diode (such as a Schottky diode) may be formed at the electrical connections between the conductive traces and the photoconductive traces.

Abstract: A display device may include a display, an optical touch system proximate the display and a control system. The control system may be capable of receiving input for initiating a peer-to-peer data transfer and of performing an authentication process for the peer-to-peer data transfer. The authentication process may involve obtaining fingerprint images via the optical touch system. The display device may provide a prompt to position the display device proximate a second device, e.g., with the display adjacent to a display of the second device. The display may display data transfer parameters for the peer-to-peer data transfer. The optical touch system may receive a confirmation that the second device received the data transfer parameters. The peer-to-peer data transfer may be performed, at least in part, by an array of optical transceivers.

Abstract: A display device may include a display, an optical touch system proximate the display and a control system. The control system may be capable of receiving input for initiating a peer-to-peer data transfer and of performing an authentication process for the peer-to-peer data transfer. The authentication process may involve obtaining fingerprint images via the optical touch system. The display device may provide a prompt to position the display device proximate a second device, e.g., with the display adjacent to a display of the second device. The display may display data transfer parameters for the peer-to-peer data transfer. The optical touch system may receive a confirmation that the second device received the data transfer parameters. The peer-to-peer data transfer may be performed, at least in part, by an array of optical transceivers.

Abstract: This disclosure provides systems, methods and apparatus related to an electromechanical display device. In one aspect, an analog interferometric modulator (AIMOD) includes a reflective display pixel having a movable reflective layer and a stationary absorber layer, the reflective layer and absorber layer defining a cavity therebetween. A color notch filter may be employed to produce an improved white state. In some implementations, the color notch filter is positioned on a side of the substrate opposite the absorber layer. In some other implementations, the color notch filter is positioned between the substrate and the movable reflective layer.

Abstract: This disclosure provides circuits and methods for reducing sub-threshold leakage currents discharging floating nodes. In one aspect, feedback from a floating node is provided to a feedback transistor configured to bias other nodes such that leakage through turned-off transistors is reduced. Additionally, leakage contributing to static power consumption may also be reduced.

Abstract: This disclosure provides systems, methods and apparatus related to an electromechanical display device. In one aspect, an analog interferometric modulator (AIMOD) includes a reflective display pixel having a movable reflective layer and a stationary absorber layer, the reflective layer and absorber layer defining a cavity therebetween. A color notch filter may be employed to produce an improved white state. In some implementations, the color notch filter is positioned on a side of the substrate opposite the absorber layer. In some other implementations, the color notch filter is positioned between the substrate and the movable reflective layer.

Abstract: This disclosure provides systems, methods and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on computer storage media, for making and controlling single-mirror interferometric modulators (IMODs), which may be multi-state IMODs or analog IMODs. In one aspect, a movable reflector stack or an absorber stack of an IMOD may include at least one protrusion that is configured to cause the movable reflector stack to be tilted relative to the absorber layer when the movable reflector stack is moved close to the absorber stack. The protrusion may be configured to cause color averaging when the IMOD is in a white state. The absorber stack may include an absorber layer having a lower extinction coefficient value at a red wavelength and a higher extinction coefficient value at a blue wavelength.

Abstract: This disclosure provides systems, methods and apparatus for enhancing the brightness and/or contrast ratio of display devices. In one aspect, the display devices can include an annular diffuser that is configured to scatter light into a ring shaped region. The annular diffuser can include a plurality of axicon lenses or holographic features. The reflective display can include an annular diffuser to shift the direction along which most of the modulated light is scattered away from the direction along which light is specularly reflected by the display devices to reduce specular glare and enhance brightness and/or contrast ratio.

Abstract: This disclosure provides systems, methods and apparatus for a thin film stack with surface-conditioning buffer layers. In one aspect, the thin film stack includes a plurality of thin film layers each having a thickness greater than about 10 nm and a plurality of surface-conditioning buffer layers each having a thickness between about 1 nm and about 10 nm. The surface-conditioning buffer layers are alternatingly disposed between the thin film layers. Each of the surface-conditioning buffer layers are formed with the same or substantially the same thickness and composition. In some implementations, the surface-conditioning buffer layers are formed by atomic layer deposition.

Abstract: This disclosure provides systems, methods and apparatus for an electromechanical systems reflective display device. In one aspect, an electromechanical systems display device includes a reflective layer and an absorber layer. The absorber layer is spaced apart from the reflective layer to define a cavity between the absorber layer and the reflective layer. The absorber layer is capable of transmitting light into the cavity, absorbing light, and reflecting light, and includes a metal layer. A plurality of matching layers are on a surface of the absorber layer facing away from the cavity, the plurality of matching layers including a first matching layer disposed on the absorber layer and a second matching layer disposed on the first matching layer.

Abstract: This disclosure provides systems, methods and apparatus for fabricating thin film transistor devices. In one aspect, a substrate having a source region, a drain region, and a channel region between the source region and the drain region is provided. The substrate also includes an oxide semiconductor layer, a first dielectric layer overlying the channel region, and a first metal layer on the dielectric layer. A second metal layer is formed on the oxide semiconductor layer overlying the source region and the drain region. The oxide semiconductor layer and the second metal layer are treated to form a heavily doped n-type oxide semiconductor in the oxide semiconductor layer overlying the source region and the drain region. An oxide in the second metal layer also can be formed.

Abstract: This disclosure provides systems, methods and apparatus for a thin film transistor (TFT) device on a substrate. In one aspect, the TFT device includes a gate electrode, an oxide semiconductor layer, and a gate insulator between the gate electrode and the oxide semiconductor layer. The oxide semiconductor layer includes at least two metal oxides, with the two metal oxides having a varying concentration relative to one another between a lower surface and an upper surface of the oxide semiconductor layer. The TFT device also includes a source metal adjacent to a portion of the oxide semiconductor layer and a drain metal adjacent to another portion of the oxide semiconductor layer. The composition of the oxide semiconductor layer can be precisely controlled by a sequential deposition technique using atomic layer deposition (ALD).

Abstract: This disclosure provides systems, methods and apparatus for an electromechanical systems reflective display device. In one aspect, an electromechanical systems display device includes a reflective layer and an absorber layer. The absorber layer is spaced apart from the reflective layer to define a cavity between the absorber layer and the reflective layer. The absorber layer is capable of transmitting light into the cavity, absorbing light, and reflecting light, and includes a metal layer. A plurality of matching layers are on a surface of the absorber layer facing away from the cavity, the plurality of matching layers including a first matching layer disposed on the absorber layer and a second matching layer disposed on the first matching layer.

Abstract: This disclosure provides systems, methods, and apparatus related to electromechanical systems display devices. In one aspect, an apparatus includes a display assembly, a sensor, and a processor. The display assembly may include an array of electromechanical systems display devices. The sensor may be configured to provide a signal indicative of an illumination angle, a viewing angle, or both, with respect to a line perpendicular to the display assembly. The processor may be configured to receive the signal from the sensor, to determine the illumination angle and/or viewing angle, and to process image data to compensate for the determined illumination angle and/or viewing angle. In one implementation, the image data is processed to compensate for a shift in a wavelength of light reflected from at least one of the electromechanical systems display devices that would have occurred as a result of a non-normal illumination and/or viewing angle.