Abstract: A core of neural processing units is configured to efficiently process a depthwise convolution by maximizing spatial feature-map locality using adder trees. Data paths of activations and weights are inverted, and 2-to-1 multiplexers are every 2/9 multipliers along a row of multipliers. During a depthwise convolution operation, the core is operated using a RS×HW dataflow to maximize the locality of feature maps. For a normal convolution operation, the data paths of activations and weights may be configured for a normal convolution configuration and in which multiplexers are idle.

Abstract: Provided are a security processor for performing a remainder operation by using a random number and an operating method of the security processor. The security processor includes a random number generator configured to generate a first random number; a modular calculator configured to generate a first random operand based on first data and the first random number and generate output data through a remainder operation on the first random operand, wherein a result value of the remainder operation on the first input data is identical to a result value of the remainder operation on the first random operand.

Abstract: A general matrix-matrix (GEMM) accelerator core includes first and second buffers, and a processing element (PE). The first buffer receives a elements of a matrix A of activation values. The second buffer receives b elements of a matrix B of weight values. The matrix B is preprocessed with a nonzero-valued b element replacing a zero-valued b element in a first row of the second buffer based on the zero-valued b element being in the first row of the second buffer. Metadata is generated that includes movement information of the nonzero-valued b element to replace the zero-valued b element. The PE receives b elements from a first row of the second buffer and a elements from the first buffer from locations in the first buffer that correspond to locations in the second buffer from where the b elements have been received by the PE as indicated by the metadata.

Abstract: A general matrix-matrix (GEMM) accelerator core includes first and second buffers, a control logic circuit, and a first processing element (PE). The first buffer receives a elements of a first matrix A of activation values. The second buffer receives b elements of a second matrix B of weight values. The control logic circuit replaces a zero-valued a element in a first column of the first buffer with a nonzero-valued a element that is within a maximum borrowing distance of a location of the zero-valued a element in the first column of the first buffer. The PE receives a elements from the first column of the first buffer including the nonzero-valued element a selected to replace the zero-valued a element and receives b elements from locations in the second buffer that correspond to locations in the first buffer from where the a elements have been received by the PE.

Abstract: An encryption circuit includes a pipelined encryption core having a plurality of round cores therein. The pipelined encryption core is configured to perform a real round operation on each of a plurality of pieces of input data received therein and generate encryption data from the input data using an encryption operation comprising the real round operation. An encryption controller is provided, which is coupled to the pipelined encryption core. The encryption controller is configured to control the pipelined encryption core so that at least one of the plurality of round cores performs a virtual round operation as part of the encryption operation. The pipelined encryption core is configured to perform a virtual encryption operation using at least one of: (i) dummy data, and (ii) a dummy encryption key.

Abstract: A fuel cell electric vehicle and an electric vehicle, includes: a hydrogen tank that stores hydrogen and supplies the hydrogen to a fuel cell electric vehicle dispenser or a fuel cell stack pack; a fuel cell stack pack that operates in an electrolysis mode or a fuel cell mode; a battery pack that charges and stores DC power converted from AC power of a grid or power supplied from the fuel cell stack pack, and supplies the stored power to an electric vehicle dispenser; and a control unit that controls power transfer between the fuel cell stack pack and the battery pack and determines a driving mode of the fuel cell stack pack.

Abstract: A security device providing a security function for an image, a camera device including the same, and a system on chip (SOC) for controlling the camera device are provided. An image transmitting device may include an image processor configured to process an image to be transmitted to an external device, and a security circuit including a key shared with the external device. The security circuit may be configured to generate a tag used for image authentication by using data of a partial region of the image and the key based on region information for selecting the partial region of the image. The image transmitting device may be configured to transmit the tag, generated to correspond to the image, to the external device with data of the image.

Abstract: A system and method for weight preprocessing. In some embodiments, the method includes performing intra-tile preprocessing of a first weight tensor to form a first pre-processed weight tensor, and performing inter-tile preprocessing of the first pre-processed weight tensor, to form a second pre-processed weight tensor. The intra-tile preprocessing may include moving a first element of a first weight tile of the first weight tensor by one position, within the first weight tile, in a lookahead direction or in a lookaside direction. The inter-tile preprocessing may include moving a first row of a weight tile of the first pre-processed weight tensor by one position in a lookahead direction or by one position in a lookaside direction.

Abstract: An encryption device for performing virtual and real operations and a method of operating the encryption device. The method includes performing a virtual operation; when a real operation request signal is received, determining whether the virtual operation being performed is completed; and in response to the virtual operation being completed, performing a real operation in response to the real operation request signal.

Abstract: Provided is a security device, an electronic device, a secure boot management system, a method for generating a boot image and a method for executing a boot chain. The security device includes a key deriver configured to receive a root key and a protected boot key included in a boot image and generate a derived key according to a key protection method using the root key and the protected boot key, a key processor configured to perform verification according to the key protection method using the generated derived key to extract a boot key from the protected boot key included in the boot image, a secure booter configured to perform verification on a protected execution image included in the boot image using the extracted boot key, and a processor configured to execute a verified execution image on which the verification has been completed by the secure booter.

Abstract: An encryption device for generating an electronic signature for security includes a random number generation module configured to generate at least one random number, a random number adjusting module configured to generate a one-time random number satisfying a random number condition in an elliptic curve cryptography-based digital signature algorithm (ECDSA) by adjusting the at least one random number; and an electronic signature generation module configured to generate the electronic signature using the one-time random number based on the ECDSA.

Abstract: A security device includes a secure processor, a mail box, a cryptographic intellectual property (IP), a secure direct memory access (DMA) circuit, and an internal memory. The secure processor provides an isolated execution environment. The mail box transfers a request from a CPU to the secure processor. The cryptographic IP performs one or more secure operations, including a signature certification operation, an encryption/decryption operation, and an integrity verification operation, on secure data within the isolated execution environment and without intervention of the CPU. The secure DMA circuit controls the one or more secure operations within the isolated execution environment, wherein only the secure processor is configured to control the secure DMA circuit. The internal memory stores the secure data on which the one or more secure operations are performed. The cryptographic IP includes a DMA circuit configured to control data access to an external storage.

Abstract: Provided are a security processor for performing a remainder operation by using a random number and an operating method of the security processor. The security processor includes a random number generator configured to generate a first random number; a modular calculator configured to generate a first random operand based on first data and the first random number and generate output data through a remainder operation on the first random operand, wherein a result value of the remainder operation on the first input data is identical to a result value of the remainder operation on the first random operand.

Abstract: An encryption device for generating an electronic signature for security includes a random number generation module configured to generate at least one random number, a random number adjusting module configured to generate a one-time random number satisfying a random number condition in an elliptic curve cryptography-based digital signature algorithm (ECDSA) by adjusting the at least one random number; and an electronic signature generation module configured to generate the electronic signature using the one-time random number based on the ECDSA.

Abstract: An encryption circuit includes a pipelined encryption core having a plurality of round cores therein. The pipelined encryption core is configured to perform a real round operation on each of a plurality of pieces of input data received therein and generate encryption data from the input data using an encryption operation comprising the real round operation. An encryption controller is provided, which is coupled to the pipelined encryption core. The encryption controller is configured to control the pipelined encryption core so that at least one of the plurality of round cores performs a virtual round operation as part of the encryption operation. The pipelined encryption core is configured to perform a virtual encryption operation using at least one of: (i) dummy data, and (ii) a dummy encryption key.

Abstract: Disclosed is a system for recognizing a user location using sensor-based activity recognition. The system includes a mobile device which includes a sensor module configured to sense information about at least one of a user state and surrounding environments, a first processor configured to extract activity information based on the sensed information, and a first communication module configured to transmit the extracted activity information; and a user terminal device which includes a second communication module configured to receive the activity information from the first communication module, and a processor configured to determine a user location in a user space corresponding to a user activity based on the received activity information. By determining a user's location in a user space corresponding to a user activity, it is possible to control electronic devices corresponding to the user activity or provide a service of monitoring activities of the old and weak and the child.

Abstract: A device system that performs group authentication and an operating method thereof are provided. The device system includes multiple devices. The operating method of the device system includes performing a first authentication procedure with respect to a first device that is newly connected to the device system; and performing a second authentication procedure with respect to the first device via an authentication group including at least two devices selected from the devices. The second authentication procedure is a group-based authentication procedure. If the first and second authentication procedures are successful, the operating method includes approving connection of the first device to the device system.

Abstract: An encryption device for performing virtual and real operations and a method of operating the encryption device. The method includes performing a virtual operation; when a real operation request signal is received, determining whether the virtual operation being performed is completed; and in response to the virtual operation being completed, performing a real operation in response to the real operation request signal.

Abstract: A security device providing a security function for an image, a camera device including the same, and a system on chip (SOC) for controlling the camera device are provided. An image transmitting device may include an image processor configured to process an image to be transmitted to an external device, and a security circuit including a key shared with the external device. The security circuit may be configured to generate a tag used for image authentication by using data of a partial region of the image and the key based on region information for selecting the partial region of the image. The image transmitting device may be configured to transmit the tag, generated to correspond to the image, to the external device with data of the image.

Abstract: An embodiment includes an electronic device, comprising: a control intellectual property (IP) including a plurality of first special function registers (SFRs); a basic operation IP including a plurality of second SFRs and coupled to the control IP through a first path and a second path; and a random number generator configured to generate a random signal; wherein the control IP is configured to: select one of the first path and the second path based on the random signal; and set the second SFRs using the selected path.