Abstract: A smart card includes a first interface configured to perform a first type interfacing operation with a host using a plurality of contact pads defined by a contact type smart card protocol, a second interface configured to perform a second type interfacing operation with the host using a subset of the plurality of contact pads, and a controller configured to determine a priority between the first and second interfaces.

Abstract: In a method of controlling transmitting and receiving buffers of a network controller and a network controller operating under such a method, at least one request for access to a system bus from the transmitting buffer and the receiving buffer is received, and the occupancy level of data in the receiving buffer and the vacancy level of data in the transmitting buffer are determined. Access to the system bus is granted based on the determination result. Buffers in the transmitting and receiving paths are treated as a single virtual transmitting buffer and a single virtual receiving buffer, respectively. Bus priority is determined by the data occupancy level in each virtual buffer and any change in the occupancy level. Therefore, it is possible to prevent or reduce underflow of the transmitting buffer and overflow of the receiving buffer, thereby impartially arbitrating which of the buffers can access the memory.

Abstract: An exhaust device of an image display is provided. The exhaust device includes a supporter and an exhaust cover. The supporter is connected to and supported by a back cover of the image display, and is protruded toward an inside of the image display, and has openings formed thereat forming an exhaust channel. The exhaust cover is connected to and supported by the supporter, and is formed on the exhaust channel so that the exhaust channel is diverged into plural directions.

Abstract: An electron emission device is provided. The electron emission device includes first and second substrates facing each other, a cathode electrode arranged on the first substrate, at least one opening electron emission region arranged on the cathode electrode, an insulation layer arranged on the cathode electrode and provided with at least one opening corresponding to the at least one opening electron emission region, and a gate electrode arranged on the insulation layer and provided with at least one opening corresponding to the at least one electron emission region. A width H1 of the at least one opening of the insulation layer is equal to or greater than twice a thickness T1 of the insulation layer.

Abstract: An electron emission display includes first and second substrates facing each other, first electrodes formed on the first substrate, and electron emission regions electrically connected to the first electrodes. Second electrodes are placed over the first electrodes such that the second electrodes are electrically insulated from the first electrodes. The second electrodes have a plurality of openings for exposing the electron emission regions. A third electrode is placed over the second electrodes such that the third electrode is electrically insulated from the second electrodes. The third electrode has openings communicating with the openings of the second electrodes. The second and the third electrodes are structured to satisfy the following condition: 1.5?W2/W1?3.0 where W1 indicates the width of each opening of the second electrodes, and W2 indicates the width of the opening of the third electrode.

Abstract: An electron emission device includes a substrate with an effective area and a pad area placed external to the effective area. Cathode electrodes are formed on the substrate. Electron emission regions are formed at the cathode electrodes within the effective area. Gate electrodes are separately insulated from the cathode electrodes by interposing an insulating layer, and have opening portions to expose the electron emission regions. The respective gate electrodes have an effective portion located at the effective area with a first line width, and a pad portion located at the pad area with a second line width. When the line width subtracted from the first line width by the whole line width of the opening portions placed in the width direction of the effective portion is defined as an effective line width, the second line width is established to be larger than the effective line width.

Abstract: An electron emission device includes a substrate, a plurality of cathode electrodes formed on the substrate, a plurality of electron emission regions electrically coupled to the cathode electrodes, an insulating layer formed on the substrate while covering the cathode electrodes, and a plurality of gate electrodes formed on the insulating layer and crossing the cathode electrodes. The insulating layer is provided with a plurality of openings exposing the corresponding electron emission regions, each of the openings having at least two opening portions that communicate with each other and are different in a size from each other. The gate electrodes are provided with openings communicating with the corresponding openings of the insulating layer. The two opening portions may include a gap in the insulating layer where the gate and cathode electrodes interesect.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for controlling a supply voltage of a multiple interface card includes a first voltage adjustment unit, a second voltage adjustment unit, an internal circuit, a first voltage controller, and a second voltage controller. The first voltage controller adjusts a first supply voltage to a first internal supply voltage used as an operating voltage of the internal circuit and supplies the first internal supply voltage to the internal circuit. The second voltage adjustment unit adjusts a second supply voltage to a second internal supply voltage used as an operating voltage of the internal circuit and supplies the second internal supply voltage to the internal circuit. The first voltage controller detects the first supply voltage and, according to the first supply voltage, either applies the first supply voltage to the first voltage adjustment unit or blocks the first supply voltage from the first voltage adjustment unit.

Abstract: A multi-interface card includes smart card interface, memory card interface, card controller and memory module. The smart card interface interfaces with a smart card host using a smart card protocol. The memory card interface interfaces with a memory card host using a memory card protocol. The card controller controls the smart card host and memory card host so that the smart card host and the memory card host simultaneously interface with the smart card and the memory card interfaces, respectively. The memory module stores data transferred from the smart card host and memory card host. The multi-interface card simultaneously supports the smart card interface and the memory card interface. Thus, the one multi-interface card can support a subscriber authentication function and a data storage function.

Abstract: An exhaust device of an image display is provided. The exhaust device includes a supporter and an exhaust cover. The supporter is connected to and supported by a back cover of the image display, and is protruded toward an inside of the image display, and has openings formed thereat forming an exhaust channel. The exhaust cover is connected to and supported by the supporter, and is formed on the exhaust channel so that the exhaust channel is diverged into plural directions.

Abstract: A transceiving network controller that controls memory allocation of a buffer memory according to data flow and a method for controlling memory allocation and data flow.

Abstract: Disclosed is a mounting structure for a lamp comprising a lamp having a funnel, a frame attached to a front end of the funnel and a connecting bolt provided at a rear portion of the funnel a lamp holder, which is adapted to hold the lamp therein while maintaining a desired lateral gap at each of the frame of the lamp, have a bottom plate, a front plate and a pair of side plates. The lamp mounting structure maintains an alignment of the optical axis of the lamp while effectively preventing the lamp from being damaged due to a thermal expansion thereof.

Abstract: A tilt adjusting unit for steering columns allows a user to easily confirm whether a steering column is locked or not. The tilt adjusting unit includes a support bracket mounted to a vehicle body, a steering column provided to tilt relative to the vehicle body, a movable bracket to tilt along with the steering column, a connection rod to connect the movable bracket to the support bracket, a guide slot formed on a predetermined portion of the support bracket along a tilting direction of the steering column, a stopper provided at each of opposite ends of the connection rod to prevent the movable bracket from being removed from the support bracket, and a locking unit provided on a predetermined portion of the connection rod to lock or unlock the movable bracket to or from the support bracket.

Abstract: A tilt adjusting unit for steering columns prevents a steering column from popping up due to an external impact. The tilt adjusting unit includes a support bracket mounted to a predetermined portion of a vehicle body. A steering column is mounted to a predetermined portion of the vehicle body to tilt relative to the vehicle body. A movable bracket tilts along with the steering column. A connection rod connects the movable bracket to the support bracket. A guide slot is formed on a predetermined portion of the support bracket along a tilting direction of the steering column, with the connection rod passing through the guide slot. A locking unit is provided on a predetermined portion of the connection rod to lock or unlock the movable bracket to or from the support bracket.

Abstract: In a method of controlling a transmitting buffer and a receiving buffer of a network controller and in a network controller operating under such a method, at least one request for access to a system bus from the transmitting buffer and the receiving buffer is received, and the occupancy level of data in the receiving buffer and the vacancy level of data in the transmitting buffer are determined. Access to the system bus by the transmitting buffer or the receiving buffer is granted based on the determination result. According to the method and system, buffers in the transmitting path and buffers in the receiving path are treated as a single virtual transmitting buffer and a single receiving virtual buffer, respectively, and bus priority is determined in consideration of the occupancy level of data in each virtual buffer along with any increase or decrease in the occupancy level.

Abstract: Disclosed is a mounting structure for a lamp comprising a lamp having a funnel, a frame attached to a front end of the funnel and a connecting bolt provided at a rear portion of the funnel a lamp holder, which is adapted to hold the lamp therein while maintaining a desired lateral gap at each side of the frame of the lamp, have a bottom plate, a front plate and a pair of side plates. The lamp mounting structure maintains an alignment of the optical axis of the lamp while effectively preventing the lamp from being damaged due to a thermal expansion thereof.