Abstract: In a vehicle or device a fluid motor is employed to drive rotary members, such as wheels, propellers, tracks. The motor is provided with an arrangement which includes a control means and an axially moveable member. By utilizing the control means, for example, by a flow of fluid, the axially moveable member is used to apply an action, which is not common to the usual operation of fluid motors. The arrangement may be used to arrest the rotor of the motor from rotation when no pressure is in the driving fluid line. It may also be used to control the pitch of propellers with variable pitch arrangements. Also possible is to use the arrangement to automatically obtain an auto - rotation of rotor blades on vertical axes of vertically take off and landing vehicles, when the pressure in the fluid line to the motors for driving the motors drops below a predetermined minimum of pressure.

Abstract: In the European patent application publication EP OS No. 0 102 441 a high pressure pump is shown which uses tapered rings (disc spring derivatives) which are clamped together as a pump chamber. The clamping rings required cutting into sections which is expensive and time consuming. The present discoverings now show that the friction at compression of the coned rings was very large. The present invention now discovers that radially flexible ring portions should be provided to the coned ring portions in order to eliminate the friction and to reduce the time and cost of the production of the pump arrangement.

Abstract: A hydraulic arrangement has a housing which includes a first space of a definite first pressure and a second space with a lower second pressure. A primary pump supplies fluid under the first pressure into the first space to open the entrance ports into cylinders, which contain pistons therein, whereby the pistons are forced partially out of the cylinders and into the mentioned second space. In the second space the pistons are moved inwardly into the cylinders by an eccentric cam ring to supply a flow of fluid of a fourth pressure out of the outlet of the arrangement's housing. In modified embodiments the arrangement is a pressure transmission, which takes in a third pressure to drive a motor in the arrangement which in turn drives the shaft with the eccentric cam and the unit then exits the fourth pressure, which might be a very high pressure of up to more than ten thousand pounds per square inch.

Abstract: In a fluid pump or motor improvements are provided to the piston shoes therein to permit a higher pressure in the respective device. Other improvements are done to the hydrostatic bearings in radial piston or radial chamber type fluid motors and pumps. A further arrangement is, that plural pistons are applied to permit the use of two different fluids in the respective device. This leads also to the application of disc springs and their modification in a pump or motor to make the pumping of non-viscous fluids like water possible at very high pressure.

Abstract: An aircraft has a pair of wing portions with propellers of a propeller pair which are driven and synchronized by a fluid transmission between the power plant and the propellers. A fluid line structure keeps most components of the craft together and consists preferredly of three pipes which are also utilized to carry the driving fluid to and from the motors, to hold the motors and to hold the wings. The take over of a plurality of functions by the interior pipe structure reduces weight and secures safe and economic operation of the craft. In the type of the aircraft where this application deals with, a variable pitch propeller may be applied which operates with variable pitch at flight to obtain its best efficiency at the respective speed of flight while the propeller is set with its chord parallel to the chord of the wing or tail when it is retracted into a slot in the wing or tail when another propeller drives the craft forward in leveled flight.

Abstract: In a pivot bar portion of a piston shoe in a radial piston device wherein the pivot portion is pivotably borne in a bed in the piston which extends normal to the longitudinal axis of the piston, recesses are provided parallel to the pivot axis whereby bearing lands are formed between the recesses. The bearing lands are tracting fluid out of the recesses along themselves and the bearing bed face of the piston, when the shoes pivot in the piston. A perfectly operational forced lubrication between the pivot portion and the piston is thereby assured which results in a long life and very high bearing capacity between the piston and the piston shoe.

Abstract: The former art provides multi stroke hydrostatic motors, which perform at a single revolution of the rotor multiple inward and outward strokes of the pistons. A high torque was thereby obtained. The invention discovers, that the known multi stroke motors are still too heavy, obtain small overall efficiencies and their power per size and weight is limited because the known motors failed to provide means to carry the tangential loads by fluid pressure power. The invention increases the power and efficiency of multiple stroke motors by the provisions of control means to control the flow of fluid pressure into pockets open to the piston faces and cylinder walls, whereby the torque of the rotor is transferred from the pistons to the cylinder walls by pressure in fluid in the pockets. The invention also provides means to enlarge the stroke of the pistons in a given size and weight of the device.

Abstract: On piston shoes in radial piston pumps, motors and engines the radial load which is excerted by the pressure under the piston onto the piston shoe is to a high rate borne by hydrostatic bearings between the piston shoe and the inner guide face of the piston stroke actuator ring. At high revolutions per given time the centrifugal forces appearing from the masses of piston and shoe increase drastically which results therein, that the bearing capacity of the hydrostatic bearing fails to bear the increased load. The invention gives rules how additional hydrodynamic bearing portions can become provided on the outer portions of the piston shoes, whereby those portions will carry an additional load by hydrodynamic actions. Since the bearing capacity of such bearing portions increases with increase of the rotary speed of the device, the applicable range of revolutions per minute can be increased by the application of the invention.

Abstract: In an axial piston motor or pump the cylinder barrel is mounted on a medial shaft which has a shoulder which axially, bears against the front end of the rotor barrel. The rear end of the medial shaft is radially borne in a housing portion. The front portion of the medial shaft is provided with a bearing member of an axial thrust bearing for support on a respective axial thrust bearing member in the housing. On the rear end of the rotary barrel an axially selfthrusting control body is provided to seal the flow of fluid to and from the cylinders of the rotary barrel. The control body presses against the rotary barrel, the rotary barrel presses against the shoulder of the medial shaft and the thrust bearing member of the shaft bears on the thrust bearing member of the housing. As a result thereof the cylinders in the rotary barrel can be straight through bores. The manufacturing of the rotor barrel is thereby simplified and the flow acceleration losses of former bag bore type cylinders are prevented.

Abstract: Propellers are provided to drive a vehicle or to bear a vehicle in air. Such propellers have commonly been fixed to wings or fuselages. The fixed locations of the propellers limited the abilities and capabilities of the respective vehicle. The invention now provides arrangements on or to propellers which makes it possible to change the location of the respective propeller relative to another portion of the vehicle. The change of the location of the propeller in relation to another portion of the vehicle makes it possible to improve the abilities or capabilities of the vehicle. Specifically beneficial effects are obtained by applying the invention to propeller-pairs. Specific relations of locations of propellers to wings or to flow of air in combination with means to pivot portions of the arrangement(s) can lead to better overall efficiencies, speeds, bearing capacities, economy or comfort of the vehicle or of portions thereof.

Abstract: A toothbrush is provided with bristles to brush and clean the teeth. Since there are cavities between neighboring teeth it is useful to exercise a multidirectional brushing of the teeth and cavities. The handle of the tooth brush is therefor provided with a fluid motor which is driven by fluid, for example by fluid from the water pipe which is available in the living quarters. The fluid motor revolves a rotary member wherein a space with a therein reciprocable piston is provided. The piston rod engages one end of a lever of a transfer arrangement and swings the lever. The other end of the lever then swings the outgoing shaft of the housing. By attaching a tooth brush to the swinging outgoing shaft the brush can do a multi directional movement for better brushing of the teeth and the cavities between the teeth.

Abstract: In radial piston pumps and motors the dimensions of the rotor, pistons and piston shoes are optimized for best efficiency and power in a given size and weight. The efficiency and reliability of the piston shoes is improved by the provision of fluid pressure pockets in the outer face of the piston shoe which have cross-sectional areas exceeding the cross-sectional area of the piston whereon the piston shoe is pivotably borne. Welding of the outer face of the piston shoe is prevented and the devices are able to operate with higher pressures and rotary velocities.

Abstract: In a vehicle or device a fluid motor is employed to drive rotary members, such as wheels, propellers, tracks. The motor is provided with an arrangement which includes a control means and an axially moveable member. By utilizing the control means, for example, by a flow of fluid, the axially moveable member is used to apply an action, which is not common to the usual operation of fluid motors. The arrangement may be used to arrest the rotor of the motor from rotation when no pressure is in the driving fluid line. It may also be used to control the pitch of propellers with variable pitch arrangements. Also possible is to use the arrangement to automatically obtain an auto-rotation of rotor blades on vertical axes of vertically take off and landing vehicles, when the pressure in the fluid line to the motors for driving the motors drops below a predetermined minimum of pressure.

Abstract: A control pintle carries a rotor which rotates around the pintle. The rotor has chambers which can take in and expel fluid. Passages of a reduced cross-sectional area carry the fluid to or from the control pintle and to or from the chambers. The control pintle has control parts and fluid lines, as well as certain recesses. Rotor and control pintle are insofar known from the former art. The invention provides unloading recesses in specific relation to the passages and chambers to make the rotor float around the control pintle concentrically or eccentrically in a desired extent. Supply slots are added to assist the build-up of hydrodynamic pressure fields to act in co-operation with the hydrostatic forces. Details are shown, how such supply means become provided or supply be secured.

Abstract: A hydraulic arrangement has a housing which includes a first space of a definite first pressure and a second space with a lower second pressure. A primary pump supplies fluid under the first pressure into the first space to open the entrance ports into cylinders, which contain pistons therein, whereby the pistons are forced partially out of the cylinders and into the mentioned second space. In the second space the pistons are moved inwardly into the cylinders by an eccentric cam ring to supply a flow of fluid of a fourth pressure out of the outlet of the arrangement's housing. In modified embodiments the arrangement is a pressure transmission, which takes in a third pressure to drive a motor in the arrangement which in turn drives the shaft with the eccentric cam and the unit then exits the fourth pressure, which might be a very high pressure of up to more than ten thousand pounds per square inch.

Abstract: The former art provides multi stroke hydrostatic motors, which perform at a single revolution of the rotor multiple inward and outward strokes of the pistons. A high torque was thereby obtained. The invention discovers, that the known multi stroke motors are still too heavy, obtain small overall efficiencies and their power per size and weight is limited because the known motors failed to provide means to carry the tangential loads by fluid pressure power. The invention increases the power and efficiency of multiple stroke motors by the provisions of control means to control the flow of fluid pressure into pockets open to the piston faces and cylinder walls, whereby the torque of the rotor is transferred from the pistons to the cylinder walls by pressure in fluid in the pockets.

Abstract: A rotor having airfoil section shaped blades is set into a fluid stream. Over a connection or transmission means a propeller is connected to the rotor. The fluid stream whereinto the rotor is set gives airflow energy to the rotor and revolves the rotor. The propeller is driven by the rotor over the connection or transmission means. Since the propeller is revolved by the rotor in the fluid stream, the propeller provides a thrust. The thrust may be used to lift a weight or to drive a member. A suitable application of the arrangement is, for example, to transform a multibladed helicopter into a gliding craft which descends under a gliding angle towards the surface of the earth when the helicopter has a complete engine failure. Auto-rotation accidents can thereby be prevented. The device is also applicable to drive a vehicle or to lift a weight. Variable means can be applied to obtain variable thrusts in flying craft to improve their efficiencies or change from one flight system to another flight system.

Abstract: A rotor having airfoil section shaped blades is set into a fluid stream. Over a connection or transmission means a propeller is connected to the rotor. The fluid stream whereinto the rotor is set gives airflow energy to the rotor and revolves the rotor. The propeller is driven by the rotor over the connection or transmission means. Since the propeller is revolved by the rotor in the fluid stream, the propeller provides a thrust. The thrust may be used to lift a weight or to drive a member. A suitable application of the arrangement is for example, to transform a multibladed helicopter into a gliding craft which descends under a gliding angle towards the surface of the earth, when the helicopter has a complete engine failure. Auto-rotation accidents can thereby become prevented. The device is also applicable to drive a vehicle or to lift a weight. Variable means can be applied to obtain variable thrusts in flying craft to improve their efficiencies or change from one flight system to another flight system.

Abstract: In hydrostatic pumps, motors and transmissions; faces, which slide and seal along adjacent faces, commonly have recesses for hydrostatic lubrication or for control of flow through ports.The invention provides additional arrangements on such faces for the provision of additional functions, for example, for the control of hydrodynamic flow into spaces between faces, the control of an additional control flow through the faces and the sealing therof or it provides recesses or seal inserts of specific locations or configurations for the improvement of the efficiency of the faces or for assurance of additional actions by the faces.

Abstract: A reciprocating combustion engine is improved by a cycle which applies outlet slots at the bottom of the cylinders, through which the exhaust gases exit to pass into a charger drive unit, while the charger drive unit drives a charger which delivers air or mixture over inlet valve means into the cylinder. The charging is also used to drive the exhaust gases out of the cylinder. Four cycle engines can thereby made up to two-stroke engines with super-charging. Outlet valves and heat on them as in typical four-stroke engines are spared. Flow areas into and out of the cylinder are increased and so is the power of the engine. A charger-arrangement provides a plurality of flow streams to super-charge the cylinders, to cool the valve head and to cool the valves. The head of the piston has a configuration relative to the valve head for preventing dead space and respective losses.