Abstract: In a radial piston pump, motor, transmission the deep diving or entering piston shoe is utilized and swingably borne in the pivot-bed of the radially reciprocating piston. Since deep diving piston shoes have large piston strokes, the shoes pivot in the pistons in large angles. Thereby a considerable force-portion of the load on the piston is transfered to the wall between the piston and the cylinder, whereby heretofore short pistons occasionally produced welding and sticking between the cylinder wall and the piston wall. The piston therefore receives radially extending portions, which may extend beyond the medial portion of the piston shoe and may even enter into the ring groove of the piston stroke actuator ring. Thereby a very long guidance of the piston on cylinder wall portions is obtained, which makes the application of effective pressure balancing pockets at correct location between piston wall and cylinder wall possible.

Abstract: In a fluid pump or motor improvements are provided to the piston shoes therein to permit a higher pressure in the respective device. Other improvements are done to the hydrostatic bearings in radial piston or radial chamber type fluid motors and pumps. A further arrangement is, that plural pistons are applied to permit the use of two different fluids in the respective device. This leads also to the application of disc springs and their modification in a pump or motor to make the pumping of non-viscous fluids like water possible at very high pressure. Motors are provided with arrangements to permit them to drive and to carry simultaneously or to have hollow shafts, whereby improved and novel machines and vehicles are obtained.

Abstract: A hydraulic fluid driving arrangement for land, water or air vehicles includes rotary hydraulic motors driving respective propellers. The motors are arranged in pairs, with the two motors of each pair being on respective opposite sides of the longitudinal axis of the vehicle. One or more hydraulic pump is driven by a prime mover and deliver hydraulic fluid under pressure to two or more separate outlets, with the flows in all outlets being either proportionate or equal to each other, and the outlets being completely separate from each other. One outlet supplies fluid to the motors on one side of the vehicle's medial plane of symmetry and the other supplies fluid to the motors on the other side of the vehicle's medial plane. Respective flow adjustment means may operably associated with each outlet, and may be operated either independently or conjointly. Alternatively, control of the motor speeds may be provided by bypasses.

Abstract: A radial piston machine wherein fluid flows through the cylinders which are provided in a rotor, the disclosure provides a radial bearing in the middle between a plurality of at least two radial cylinder groups. Thereby the former bearings which were provided on the ends of the rotor can be reduced to smaller sizes to carry a lower radial load. The provision of the bearing in the middle of the rotor prevents the former miniturization of the control bodies on the ends of the rotor. The control bodies can now be radially enlarged and the restriction of the flow through quantities of fluid through the control bodies is overcome. The devices are now able to operate with a better efficiency and power. In order to obtain these features the medial radial bearing in the middle between the cylinder group must be of the specific structures of this patent application.

Abstract: In a fluid machine, wherein fluid flows through working chambers, as in pumps, compressors, motors, transmissions, a rotor and a drive shaft are revolvingly borne in the housing of the machine. Since slight departures of the axes of the rotor and shaft from each other might result in wearing of faces or in widened clearances in the machine, the shaft and rotor are coupled flexibly. The coupling is managed by providing the drive shaft with arms or fingers and the rotor with gaps whereby the gaps are extending into the axially seen medial rotor portion. The arms or fingers are engaging the walls of the gaps in the mentioned medial rotor portion, whereby tilting components of forces, which might occur, when the coupling would be on an axial end of the rotor, are prevented.

Abstract: A rotary valve with an axially extending passage revolves in a bed of a valve bearing body which has inlet passage means and a fluid transfer channel. The valve controls the periodic flow of fluid from the inlet means to the transfer channel. Fluid pressure containing pockets are provided diametrically of the transfer channel to let the rotary valve member float between opposed pressure fields. Accessary means can be provided to the rotary valve to secure equal forces at equal times on diametrically opposed portions of the outer face of the rotary valve member.

Abstract: Propellers are provided to drive a vehicle or to bear a vehicle in air. Such propellers have commonly been fixed to wings or fuselages. The fixed locations of the propellers limited the abilities and capabilities of the respective vehicle. The invention now provides arrangements on or to propellers which makes it possible to change the location of the respective propeller relatively to another portion of the vehicle. The change of the location of the propeller in relation to another portion of the vehicle makes it possible to improve the abilities or capabilities of the vehicle. Specifically beneficial effects are obtained by applying the invention to propeller-pairs. Specific relations of locations of propellers to wings or to flow of air in combination with means to pivot portions of the arrangement(s) can lead to better overall efficiencies, speeds, bearing capacities, economy or comfort of the vehicle or of portions thereof.

Abstract: A bush assembly is inserted into the rotor hub around a cylindrical control body which is partially extending into the bush to fill the interior of the bush. In such devices, where fluid flows through the control body and the working chambers in the rotor of the machine, leakage escaped through the clearance between the control body and the rotor. Due to the novel bush assembly the respective high pressure is led through passages which extend half way around the bush into recesses diametrically located in the bush. There the pressure is utilized to press respective seal-portions towards the control body to at least partially seal the escape of leakage, while maintaining a radial pressure balance between the control body and the bush.

Abstract: A vehicle like an aircraft or ship uses multiple propeller pairs to drive the vehicle. One propeller of each pair is located on one side of the vehicle and the other propeller of the same propeller pair on the other side of the vehicle. The propellers of each pair may revolve in opposite directions. A hydraulic transmission transfers the power from the power plant to the propellers, which are driven by hydraulic fluid motors of the transmission. The transmission forces each propeller of the same pair of propellers to revolve with equal rotary velocity relatively to the other propeller of the same pair. Propellers of different pairs have different pitches or sizes. Thereby the propellers use different powers at different speeds of the vehicle. Since the power plant drives a common transmission, the power supply to one of the pairs varies compared to the power supply to the other pair, when the vehicle travels at another speed.

Abstract: External chambers are applied around the working cylinder of an engine to permit high temperature for mechanically weak materials for the very hot parts of the engine, when the external chambers are filled with plural different pressures substantially equal to that in plural different pressure areas in the working cylinder.

Abstract: A cylindrical piston has a part-cylindrical outcut, which is slotted radially and contains a swingable pivot-member of at least part-cylindrical configuration borne in the outcut and pivoting therein under load. The mentioned outcut is formed partially around an axis which is normal to the longitudinal axis of the mentioned piston and extending through the longitudinal axis of the piston. A plurality of preferably part-annullarily formed grooves for the reception of pressure fluid are provided preferably in said pivot-member in order to lubricate bearing portions of said member between two adjacent grooves or recesses to assure a high pressure lubrication from both ends of the respective bearing portion. Efficiency and lifetime of said bearing portion is thereby increased and so is the bearing capability.

Abstract: A member oscillates on a face and another member pivots on a bed of the first member. Passages are provided through the members to lead a lubrication fluid under pressure into a fluid pocket between the mentioned face and one of the members. The fluid pressure in the pocket carries a major portion of the load of one of the members on the face. The oscillation of the members has one stroke under higher load and one under less load. The pivotal movement of the other member controls the flow of fluid through the passages to provide high pressure in the fluid pocket at the stroke under higher load and lower pressure in the pocket at the stroke under less load. The arrangement is especially suitable to be provided on pistons and piston shoes of fluid handling machines. But it can also serve to carry load on other members of machines or vehicles, wherein at least two movements are taking place and a source of supply of fluid under pressure is available.

Abstract: A hydraulic arrangement has a housing which includes a first space of a definite first pressure and a second space with a lower second pressure. A primary pump supplies fluid under the first pressure into the first space to open the entrance ports into cylinders, which contain pistons therein, whereby the pistons are forced partially out of the cylinders and into the mentioned second space. In the second space the pistons are moved inwardly into the cylinders by an eccentric cam ring to supply a flow of fluid of a fourth pressure out of the outlet of the arrangement's housing.In modified embodiments the arrangement is a pressure transmission, which takes in a third pressure to drive a motor in the arrangement which in turn drives the shaft with the eccentric cam and the unit then exits the fourth pressure, which might be a very high pressure of up to more than ten thousand pounds per square inch.

Abstract: In typical combustion engines the inlet valves and outlet valves are subjected to lifting mechanism and to long stroke springs for closing the valves in periodic cycles. Strong and long springs are required and their life time is limited. The invention therefore provides a valve arrangement, wherein the springs are not providing strokes, but act merely only to adjust mechanical clearances. The springs are becoming short thereby and the life time increases. The strokes of the valves are actuated by a novel cam shaft which extends through a window in the shaft of the respective valve. Further details are provided to secure a smooth operation of the valve arrangement, to reduce the weight thereof and to provide proper lubrication of the rotary cam shaft. The number of reciprocating elements is reduced.

Abstract: In a vehicle or device a fluid motor is employed to drive rotary members, such as wheels, propellers, tracks. The motor is provided with an arrangement which includes a control means and an axially moveable member. By utilizing the control means for example by a flow of fluid, the axially moveable member is used to apply an action, which is not common to the usual operation of fluid motors. The arrangement may be used to arrest the rotor of the motor from rotation, when no pressure is in the driving fluid line. It may also be used to control the pitch of propellers with variable pitch arrangements. Also possible is to use the arrangement to automatically obtain an auto-rotation of rotor blades on vertical axes of vertically take off and landing vehicles, when the pressure in the fluid line to the motors for driving the motors drops below a predetermined minimum of pressure.

Abstract: A rotor having airfoil-section shaped blades is set into a fluid stream. Over a connection-or-transmission means a propeller is connected to the rotor. The fluid stream whereinto the rotor is set gives airflow energy to the rotor and revolves the rotor. The propeller is driven by the rotor over the connection-or transmission means. Since the propeller is revolved by the rotor in the fluid stream, the propeller provides a thrust. The thrust may be used to lift a weight or to drive a member. A suitable application of the arrangement is for example, to transform a multi-bladed helicopter into a gliding craft which descends under a gliding angle towards the surface of the earth, when the helicopter has a complete engine failure. Auto-rotation accidents can thereby become prevented. The device is also applicable to drive a vehicle or to lift a weight. Variable means can be applied to obtain variable thrusts in flying craft to improve their efficiencies or change from one flight-system to another flight system.

Abstract: A cylindrical piston has a part-cylindrical outcut, which is slotted radially and contains a swingable pivot-member of at least part-cylindrical configuration borne in the outcut and pivoting therein under load. The mentioned outcut is formed partially around an axis which is normal to the longitudinal axis of the mentioned piston and extending through the longitudinal axis of the piston. A plurality of preferably part-annullarily formed grooves for the reception of pressure fluid are provided preferably in said pivot-member in order to lubricate bearing portions of said member between two adjacent grooves or recesses to assure a high pressure lubrication from both ends of the respective bearing portion. Efficiency and life time of said bearing portion is thereby increased and so is the bearing capability.

Abstract: A helicopter-like craft has plural propellers with substantial vertical axes which can be inclined forwardly to provide the forward movement of the vehicle. The propellers are driven by hydraulic fluid motors. One embodiment features the application of a four flow hydraulic pump which supplies two pairs of hydraulic pressure fluid flows, wherein the rate of flow in fluid in each flow of the pairs are equal. One of the pairs of flows may be of permanently fixed rate of flow but the flows of the other pair of flows is variable, but variable in such a system, that even at variation of rate of flow the rate of flow of the two flows of the variable flow--pair remains equal relatively to the other flow of the pair. This system of hydraulic drive is utilized to let the two front propellers of an airborne craft run with equal velocity even when the speed thereof is varified by the mentioned variablity in order to incline the vehicle into its forward movement.

Abstract: An aircraft has a pair of tiltable wings for vertical and horizontal flight with propeller-pairs which are driven and synchronized by a fluid transmission between the power plant and the propellers. The interior structure which keeps most of the components of the craft together consists of at least three pipes which are also utilized to carry the driving fluid to and from the motors, to hold the motors and to hold the wings. The pipe structure can be pivoted in respective bearing means of the body of the aircraft to effect the pivotion of the propellers and wings for either vertical take off and landing or for horizontal flight. The take over of a plurality of functions by the interior pipe structure reduces weight and assures safe and economic operation of the craft.

Abstract: In a number of patents my former art of control bodies which have centric and eccentric portions are disclosed for the passing and control of flow of fluid into and out of working chambers in fluid handling devices, such as fluid pumps, motors, compressors, transmissions.The invention discovers, that those control bodies of the former art under certain circumstances tend to rotate slightly by a few degrees under friction in the control mirror and then stick very strongly their seats whereby they lose their ability to adjust themselves axially and for good seal under small friction along the stationary control face of the rotor.The invention overcomes this problem by providing a retainer on a stationary portion in the device to prevent the control body from any rotation around one of its axes. The smooth operation of the control body is thereby assured and the former sticking and loss of ability to operate perfectly is overcome.