Abstract: The present invention discloses the pH-sensitive nanoparticles composed of pH-sensitive polymer, hydrophobic material, internal stabilizer, external stabilizer content and insulin drug. The present invention also includes a method for preparation of pH-sensitive nanoparticles, in particular, a multiple emulsions solvent evaporation method. The pH-sensitive nanoparticles of the present invention show good pH-sensitive property with 100-300 nanometer particle size. Significant decrease in blood glucose level is observed in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats and the bioavailability of insulin is more than 10% after oral administration of the insulin-loaded pH-sensitive nanoparticles.

Abstract: An electronic fuse structure including an Mx level comprising an Mx metal, and an Mx+1 level above the Mx level, the Mx+1 level including an Mx+1 metal and a via electrically connecting the Mx metal to the Mx+1 metal in a vertical orientation, where the Mx+1 metal comprises a thick portion and a thin portion, and where the Mx metal, the Mx+1 metal, and the via are substantially filled with a conductive material.

Abstract: A method of forming a wiring structure for an integrated circuit device includes forming a first metal line within an interlevel dielectric (ILD) layer, and forming a second metal line in the ILD layer adjacent the first metal line; masking selected regions of the first and second metal lines; selectively plating metal cap regions over exposed regions of the first and second metal lines at periodic intervals such that a spacing between adjacent metal cap regions of an individual metal line corresponds to a critical length, L, at which a back stress gradient balances an electromigration force in the individual metal line, so as to suppress mass transport of electrons; and wherein the metal cap regions of the first metal line are formed at staggered locations with respect to the metal cap regions of the second metal line, along a common longitudinal axis.

Abstract: A structure for TDDB measurement, a method determining TDDB at reduced spacings. The structure includes an upper dielectric layer on a top surface of a lower dielectric layer, a bottom surface of the upper dielectric layer and the top surface of the lower dielectric layer defining an interface; a first wire formed in the lower dielectric layer; a second wire formed in the upper dielectric layer; and wherein a distance between the first wire and the second wire measured in a direction parallel to the interface is below the lithographic resolution limit of the fabrication technology.

Abstract: Short biologically active tetrapeptides are disclosed that are comprised of the sequences GxxG and PxxP where G (glycine) and P (proline) are maintained and x is a variable amino acid. The peptides can be used singly or in combination to stimulate production of extracellular matrix proteins in skin. A rapid, low-cost method of producing heterogenous formulations of tetrapeptides is disclosed.

Abstract: Short biologically active tetrapeptides are disclosed that are comprised of the sequences GxxG and PxxP where G (glycine) and P (proline) are maintained and x is a variable amino acid. The peptides can be used singly or in combination to stimulate production of extracellular matrix proteins in skin. A rapid, low-cost method of producing heterogenous formulations of tetrapeptides is disclosed.

Abstract: Short peptides having biological and therapeutic activity are disclosed. Specifically, the activity of the disclosed peptides is directed to reducing or protecting against mutagen-induced cellular/tissue toxicity (i.e., chemopreventive). For example, the disclosed peptides protect against skin toxicity and/or mutagenesis that occurs from ultraviolet (UV) light exposure. The disclosed peptides also block the activation of certain cell cycle regulatory proteins such as Chk2. An example of such a peptide is Ser-Leu-Tyr-Gln-Ser (SEQ ID NO: 10). The disclosed peptides are also useful for methods of reducing or protecting against cellular toxicity and mutation accumulation that would otherwise occur following mutagen exposure. One such method is drawn to applying a peptide to the skin to prevent or reduce mutagenic damage resulting from UV light (e.g., sunlight) exposure.

Abstract: A method and structure of a non-intrinsic anti-fuse structure. The anti-fuse structure has a first electrode, a second electrode, a first dielectric, and second dielectric. The first and second dielectrics have an interface which couples electrodes. The length along the interface which couples the electrodes is called the predetermined length. When the anti-fuse is programmed a conductive link forms along the interface to connect the first and second electrodes. The anti-fuse structure can be single-level or dual-level. The predetermined length can be less than spacing between adjacent electrodes when a dual-level structure is used. The anti-fuse structures have the advantage that they can be programmed at lower voltages than intrinsic structures and no extra steps are needed to integrate the anti-fuses with active structures.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel crystalline form of a Compound 3,4?,5-trihydroxy-stilbene-3-?-D-glucoside (polydatin) and a method of preparation and use thereof, and to a pharmaceutical composition containing crystalline form I of 3,4?,5-trihydroxy-stilbene-3-?-D-glucoside. Crystalline form I of 3,4?,5-trihydroxy-stilbene-3-?-D-glucoside of the present invention has a stable crystalline morphology, a definite melting point and a good chemical stability. Such a novel form of 3,4?,5-trihydroxy-stilbene-3-?-D-glucoside possesses the properties required for the preparation of solid formulations and is easily tabletable and readily formable when formulated, which allows for substantial decrease in raw materials costs, more facile operations in production and easier control over quality in industrial drug production, and moreover, better convenience in storage.

Abstract: The invention relates to small molecules having biological and therapeutic activity. Particularly, the invention relates to small molecules having lipolytic and anti-adipogenic activity. Two examples of such molecules are 4-methyl-2-(octanoylamino) pentanoic acid and N-isopentyloctanamide. The invention further relates to methods of preventing or treating skin conditions such as cellulite using small molecules having lipolytic and anti-adipogenic activity.

Abstract: The present invention discloses the pH-sensitive nanoparticles composed of pH-sensitive polymer, hydrophobic material, internal stabilizer, external stabilizer content and insulin drug. The present invention also includes a method for preparation of pH-sensitive nanoparticles, in particular, a multiple emulsions solvent evaporation method. The pH-sensitive nanoparticles of the present invention show good pH-sensitive property with 100-300 nanometer particle size. Significant decrease in blood glucose level is observed in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats and the bioavailability of insulin is more than 10% after oral administration of the insulin-loaded pH-sensitive nanoparticles.

Abstract: Short peptides having biological and therapeutic activity are disclosed. Specifically, the activity of the disclosed peptides is directed to reducing or protecting against mutagen-induced cellular/tissue toxicity (i.e., chemopreventive). For example, the disclosed peptides protect against skin toxicity and/or mutagenesis that occurs from ultraviolet (UV) light exposure. The disclosed peptides also block the activation of certain cell cycle regulatory proteins such as Chk2. An example of such a peptide is Ser-Leu-Tyr-Gln-Ser (SEQ ID NO: 10). The disclosed peptides are also useful for methods of reducing or protecting against cellular toxicity and mutation accumulation that would otherwise occur following mutagen exposure. One such method is drawn to applying a peptide to the skin to prevent or reduce mutagenic damage resulting from UV light (e.g., sunlight) exposure.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods of 6-O sulfating glucosaminyl N-acetylglucosamine residues (GlcNAc) in a polysaccharide preparation and methods of converting anticoagulant-inactive heparan sulfate to anticoagulant-active heparan sulfate and substantially pure polysaccharide preparations made by such methods. Also disclosed is a mutant CHO cell which hyper-produces anticoagulant-active heparan sulfate. Methods for elucidating the sequence of activity of enzymes in a biosynthetic pathway are provided.

Abstract: Short biologically active tetrapeptides are disclosed that are comprised of the sequences GxxG and PxxP where G (glycine) and P (proline) are maintained and x is a variable amino acid. The peptides can be used singly or in combination to stimulate production of extracellular matrix proteins in skin. A rapid, low-cost method of producing heterogenous formulations of tetrapeptides is disclosed.

Abstract: Short biologically active tetrapeptides are disclosed that are comprised of the sequences GxxG and PxxP where G (glycine) and P (proline) are maintained and x is a variable amino acid. The peptides can be used singly or in combination to stimulate production of extracellular matrix proteins in skin. A rapid, low-cost method of producing heterogenous formulations of tetrapeptides is disclosed.

Abstract: The disclosed invention provides tetrapeptides with the amino acid sequence proline-glutamine-glutamate-X (P-Q-E-X), where X can be either lysine (K) or isoleucine (I). These tetrapeptides inhibit ultraviolet light (UV)-induced expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6) by skin epithelial cells and fibroblasts. Furthermore, the tetrapeptides repress the upregulation of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) by skin fibroblasts induced by either direct exposure to UV rays or treatment with media conditioned by UV-treated keratinocytes. The small size and bio-activity of the tetrapeptides render them suitable for use in therapies directed to inflammatory skin disorders and as active ingredients in skin care products.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods of 6-O-sulfating glucosaminyl N-acetylglucosamine residues (GlcNAc) in a polysaccharide preparation and methods of converting anticoagulant-inactive heparan sulfate to anticoagulant-active heparan sulfate and substantially pure polysaccharide preparations may by such methods. Also disclosed is a mutant CHO cell which hyper-produces anticoagulant-active heparan sulfate. Methods for elucidating the sequence of activity of enzymes in a biosynthetic pathway are provided.

Abstract: Peptides having four to fourteen residues are disclosed that possess biological activity. These peptides constitute short fragments of the peptide HB-107 (SEQ ID NO:1), which itself is a fragment of the antimicrobial protein cecropin B, and exhibit cell stimulatory, migratory and anti-inflammatory properties. As keratinocytes are especially sensitive to these effects, the disclosed peptides comprise a useful agent for the medical treatment of injury to the skin, such as from diabetic ulcers. The peptides also are effective in preventing and reversing skin surface damage resulting from various environmental insults. Importantly, the therapeutic effects of the peptides manifest at concentrations equal to or greater than those of peptide HB-107, and thus represent a less expensive, more versatile means for developing effective therapies. Methods for the production and use of these peptides are also disclosed.

Abstract: The disclosed invention provides tetrapeptides with the amino acid sequence proline-glutamine-glutamate-X (P-Q-E-X), where X can be either lysine (K) or isoleucine (I). These tetrapeptides inhibit ultraviolet light (UV)-induced expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6) by skin epithelial cells and fibroblasts. Furthermore, the tetrapeptides repress the upregulation of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) by skin fibroblasts induced by either direct exposure to UV rays or treatment with media conditioned by UV-treated keratinocytes. The small size and bio-activity of the tetrapeptides render them suitable for use in therapies directed to inflammatory skin disorders and as active ingredients in skin care products.

Abstract: This invention released a method for gas storage, characterized that gas is stored in the form of nanometer scale bubbles or gas layers on the solid-liquid surfaces. Said gas is hydrogen, the surface of the solid is planar solid surface, irregular solid surface, or porous material surface, especially highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) surface, and the liquid is water, inorganic acid, inorganic salt, inorganic alkali, organic solution or colloid solution. The gas to be stored is produced by electrochemical method, inorganic reaction, organic reaction, biologic reaction or physical method.