Abstract: In a soldering method for soldering an electronic component including a palladium or palladium alloy layer formed on a surface of the electronic component and also including a soldering lead terminal onto a printed wiring board including a soldering land and plated through hole, a solder layer containing tin and zinc as main components is formed on the surfaces of the land through hole by a HAL treatment. The lead terminal is inserted and mounted in the through hole. The printed wiring board is brought into contact with jet flows of a solder containing tin and zinc as the main components to thereby supply a solder to the land and through hole.

Abstract: In a soldering method for soldering an electronic component including a palladium or palladium alloy layer formed on a surface of the electronic component and also including a soldering lead terminal onto a printed wiring board including a soldering land and plated through hole, a solder layer containing tin and zinc as main components is formed on the surfaces of the land through hole by a HAL treatment. The lead terminal is inserted and mounted in the through hole. The printed wiring board is brought into contact with jet flows of a solder containing tin and zinc as the main components to thereby supply a solder to the land and through hole.

Abstract: An IC card reader is provided for reading data stored in an IC card with radio communication and inputting the data into, for example, a personal computer. The IC card reader includes a card holder and a fastening mechanism which attaches the card holder to a data reading table detachably. This structure provides for ease of usage of the card reader to a user in two selectable modes. In the first mode, the stored data may be inputted into the computer only by passing the IC card over the data reading table instantaneously. In the second mode, the user may insert the IC card into the card holder fitted on the data reading table to transmit data to the compute through radio communication.

Abstract: A probe unit comprises a flexible substrate made of an inorganic substance and having an almost straight edge, an electro conductive film formed on a surface of the substrate and having a plurality of contact parts aligned on a surface of the edge and can contact with electrodes of a sample and lead parts connected to the contact parts, wherein the substrate is elastically deformed together with the contact part while the plurality of the contacts parts are supported by the edge when a force is added to press a surface of the contact part.

Abstract: A probe unit has a plurality of metal leads regularly juxtaposed on the surface of a substrate. Each metal lead has a resilient contact piece in a front portion of the lead, the resilient contact piece being spaced apart from the substrate surface or extending over an edge of the substrate. The cross sectional shape of the resilient contact piece is an arc shape and/or has a projection near at the distal end of the resilient contact piece.

Abstract: In a soldering method for soldering an electronic component including a palladium or palladium alloy layer formed on a surface of the electronic component and also including a soldering lead terminal onto a printed wiring board including a soldering land and plated through hole, a solder layer containing tin and zinc as main components is formed on the surfaces of the land through hole by a HAL treatment. The lead terminal is inserted and mounted in the through hole. The printed wiring board is brought into contact with jet flows of a solder containing tin and zinc as the main components to thereby supply a solder to the land and through hole.

Abstract: An IC card reader is provided for reading data stored in an IC card with radio communication and inputting the data into, for example, a personal computer. The IC card reader includes a card holder and a fastening mechanism which attaches the card holder to a data reading table detachably. This structure provides for ease of usage of the card reader to a user in two selectable modes. In the first mode, the stored data may be inputted into the computer only by passing the IC card over the data reading table instantaneously. In the second mode, the user may insert the IC card into the card holder fitted on the data reading table to transmit data to the compute through radio communication.

Abstract: An ordinary-temperature purifying catalyst includes an oxide having an oxygen defect introduced by a reduction treatment, and a noble metal loaded on the oxide. For example, the oxide can be at least one oxide selected from the group consisting of cerium oxides and zirconium oxides, at least a part of which has an oxygen defect. The catalyst can purify an environmental loading material, such as carbon monoxide, a nitrogen oxide, ethylene, formaldehyde, trimethylamine, methyl mercaptan and acetaldehyde, in air at an ordinary temperature. A method for how to use the catalyst is also disclosed.

Abstract: A probe unit has a plurality of metal leads regularly juxtaposed on the surface of a substrate. Each metal lead has a resilient contact piece in a front portion of the lead, the resilient contact piece being spaced apart from the substrate surface or extending over an edge of the substrate. The cross sectional shape of the resilient contact piece is an arc shape and/or has a projection near at the distal end of the resilient contact piece.

Abstract: A sacrificial layer is formed in a recess of a substrate, and leads extending from the substrate into an area of the sacrificial layer are formed. A cut is formed from the bottom surface of the substrate, the cut extending from the bottom surface to the area of the sacrificial layer via the substrate, then the sacrificial layer is removed. A probe unit can be obtained having the leads whose front portions extend beyond the edge of the substrate. A through conductor may be formed in a through hole formed in a substrate. Leads may be formed on a photosensitive etching glass substrate to thereafter selectively etch the chemically cutting type glass.

Abstract: The invention features an MgAl2O4 spinel powder having a specific surface area of 40 m2/g or more and an average diameter of from 3 to 20 &mgr;m and having uniform pores, and a slurry containing this spinel powder. The spinel powder is produced by milling (1) an MgAl2O4 spinel powder obtained by synthesizing by the coprecipitation method with the use of hydroxide materials wherein the ratio of the average diameter of aluminum hydroxide “D1” to the average diameter of magnesium hydroxide “D2” satisfies the requirement 1.85≦(D1/D2) or 0.5>(D1/D2) and calcining, (2) an MgAl2O4 spinel powder obtained by drying a mixture solution containing water-soluble organic substance having a boiling point of 120° C.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is able to provide an IC card in which for example, even if a state should occur in which a plurality of IC cards are piled up in any direction for use, a received signal is not greatly lowered but a normal usage pattern is secured. When the IC cards are piled up with the contours united, a projection drawing of an antenna of one IC card to an antenna surface of the other IC card has an area not overlapped at least 15% or more of an area having an antenna to the other antenna surface on the projection surface and the IC card can work.

Abstract: A first resist mask is formed on a rail, covering an area where none of a shallow surface and a deep surface are formed. A first etching process is performed to etch the rail not covered with the first resist mask to a depth corresponding to the shallow surface. Next, without removing the first resist mask, a second resist mask is formed covering an area where the shallow surface is formed. A second etching process is performed to etch the rail not covered with the first and second resist masks, to a depth corresponding to the deep surface. After the first and second etching processes, the first and second resist masks are removed from the rail.

Abstract: A solid solution particle of oxides contains a solid solution of oxides in which one oxide is dissolved into the other oxide, and in which the degree of dissolution of one oxide into the other oxide is not less 50%, and in which an average diameter of crystallite is not more than 100 nm. The solid solution particle of oxides has small average diameter of a crystallite and large specific surface area, and it improves capacities such as an oxygen storage ability due to high degree of dissolution. A catalyst for purifying exhaust gases has excellent purifying performance by employing the solid solution comprising ceria and zirconia which has large OSC and high oxygen adsorption and discharge speed.

Abstract: A catalyst for purifying exhaust gases comprises a catalyst carrier made of potassium titanate and a noble metal loaded on the catalyst carrier. The catalyst carrier is substantially free from alumina. This catalyst can oxidize at least hydrocarbons in exhaust gases at a high catalytic activity even at low temperatures, and at the same time can suppress SO.sub.2 from converting into sulfates. This catalyst does not employ substance like alumina exhibiting solid acidity as a catalyst carrier. Further, this catalyst can be used for purifying exhaust gases from diesel engines to suppress particulates and sulfates from being emitted, and to improve conversions of hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide.

Abstract: A synthetic resin composition comprises an aqueous medium, a surfactant, and a resin and filler dispersed in the aqueous medium by the surfactant. The surfactant comprises a first high molecular weight compound having a weight-average molecular weight of at least 10000 and a second high molecular weight compound having a weight-average molecular weight of not less than 150 and less than 10000. In the synthetic resin composition, a solid material is well dispersed and the viscosity doesn't remarkably increase even if a solid content is increased. So, the increased amount of a non-volatile matter may be used and the storage stability improves. Further, flame retardation, deodorization, heat resistance and light fastness also improve. In addition, an interior material which is a fabric coated with the synthetic resin composition is provided. In the interior material, the texture, flame retardation, deodorization and light fastness improve without the deterioration of workability.

Abstract: A material for removing offensive odors, which efficiently removes offensive odors, especially aldehydes, without being influenced by the ambient atmosphere such as humidity. It contains at least one acid salt selected from the group consisting of acid salts of aniline halides, acid salts of esters of aminobenzoic acid, acid salts of sulfanilamide or its derivatives, acid salts of aminoacetanilide and acid salts of aminoacetophenone. It may be supported on a porous carrier. The removing capacity of the material is not lowered by the variation of the ambient atmosphere of humidity and temperature. The material efficiently removes aldehydes.

Abstract: A synthetic resin composition comprises an aqueous medium, a surfactant, and a resin and filler dispersed in the aqueous medium by the surfactant. The surfactant comprises a first high molecular weight compound having a weight-average molecular weight of at least 10000 and a second high molecular weight compound having a weight-average molecular weight of not less than 150 and less than 10000. In the synthetic resin composition, a solid material is well dispersed and the viscosity doesn't remarkably increase even if a solid content is increased. So, the increased amount of a non-volatile matter may be used and the storage stability improves. Further, flame retardation, deodorization, heat resistance and light fastness also improve. In addition, an interior material coated with the synthetic resin composition is provided.

Abstract: A composite adsorbent comprising an acid salt of an m- or p-aromatic amino acid and an acid. The adsorbent may further contain a transition metal compound. The former removes aldehydes, ammonias and amines simultaneously, and the latter further removes hydrogen sulfide. The composite adsorbent is used in the form of a powder, a solution, or a solid supported on a carrier.

Abstract: A composite adsorbent comprising an acid salt of an m- or p-aromatic amino acid and an acid. The adsorbent may further contain a transition metal compound. The former removes aldehydes, ammonias and amines simultaneously, and the latter further removes hydrogen sulfide.The composite adsorbent is used in the form of a powder, a solution, or a solid supported on a carrier.