Abstract: (1) A nickel-base alloy product having, on the surface thereof, an oxide film comprising at least two layers, namely a first layer mainly composed of Cr2O3 and having a chromium content of not less than 50% relative to the total amount of metal elements and a second layer occurring outside the first layer and mainly composed of MnCr2O4, wherein the grain size of Cr2O3 crystals in the first layer is 50 to 1,000 nm and the total oxide film thickness is 180 to 1,500 nm.

Abstract: This invention concerns a benzoic acid represented by the formula ?I! ##STR1## or a benzoic acid derivative and a method for the production of a compound represented by the formula ?I!.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a compound of formula ?I!: ##STR1## or a salt thereof in which R.sub.1 is a a C.sub.1-6 alkyl group, R.sup.2 is a halogen atom, a C.sub.1-6 alkylthio group, a C.sub.1-6 alkylsulfinyl group or a C.sub.1-6 alkylsulfonyl group, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are each independently hydrogen, a C.sub.1-6 alkyl group or a C.sub.1-6 haloalkyl group, and R is hydrogen or a C.sub.1-6 alkyl group. The present invention is further directed to a compound of formula ?1! or a salt thereof, as described above and in which R.sup.1 and R.sup.3 are methyl, R.sup.2 is chlorine or methylsulfonyl, R.sup.4 is hydrogen, and R is methyl or ethyl. In addition, the present invention is directed to a herbicidal composition, characterized in that it contains as active agent one or more compounds of formula ?I! or salt thereof in which R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4 are as described above.

Abstract: A process for preparing an optically active tetrahydro-2-furoic acid is disclosed. The process comprises (i) reacting (.+-.)-tetrahydro-2-furoic acid with an optically active amine resolver of the following formula (I): ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is a lower alkyl group and R.sub.2 represents an alkyl group or ar aryl group, provided that R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are different from each other, thus producing an optically active diastereomer salt, and (ii) decomposing the diastereomer salt. According to the process, a high purity, optically active tetrahydro-2-furoic acid can be prepared at a high yield using an amine resolver. The amine resolver can be recovered at a high yield and high purity.